曾麗 盤筍
請先看幾道中考題:
1. The government is asked to improve school bus safety,________?(2012年山東省東營市)
A. didnt it B. hasnt it
C. isnt it D. doesnt it
2.—She has gone abroad,______?
—No. She is still teaching us English at our school now. (2012年江蘇省蘇州市)
A. is she B. isnt she
C. has she D. hasnt she
3.—He didnt go to the concert yesterday, did he?
—______. He was busy studying for the tests all day. (2012年湖北省黃岡市)
A. No, he didnt B. Yes, he did
C. No, he did D. Yes, he didnt
4. She can hardly write her own name, ______?(2012年山東省濱州市)
A. can she B. cant she
C. need she D. neednt she
分析:上面四道中考題均是在考查同學們對反義疑問句用法的掌握情況,答案分別是:1. C; 2. D; 3. A; 4. A。
反義疑問句歷來都是初中生英語學習的難點,更是每年中考的必考內容之一,掌握它的用法對于同學們學好英語具有重要意義。下面我們就一起來學習這一重要的語法項目。
一、反義疑問句的基本構成形式
反義疑問句的構成形式通常有兩種:①肯定陳述句+否定簡略問句;②否定陳述句+肯定簡略問句。例如:
Your father is a policeman, isnt he? 你父親是個警察,是嗎?
Kate likes sports, doesnt she? 凱特喜歡運動,是不是?
He doesnt like singing, does he?他不喜歡唱歌,是嗎?
It didnt rain yesterday, did it? 昨天沒下雨,對不對?
二、反義疑問句中的人稱與時態(tài)
反義疑問句中前后兩部分在人稱、數(shù)及時態(tài)上應保持一致。例如:
He is an English teacher, isnt he? 他是英語老師,對不對?
Tom didnt come to school yesterday, did he? 湯姆昨天沒來上學,是不是?
He comes from Japan, doesnt he? 他是日本人,是不是?
They have gone to the Great Wall, havent they? 他們去長城了,是嗎?
Mary can draw very well, cant she? 瑪麗繪畫很好,是不是?
三、反義疑問句的幾種常見情況
1. 陳述句中出現(xiàn)“主語 + d或s”的縮略形式時,要正確判斷d是had還是would;還要正確判斷s是is還是has。例如:
Hes gone to America, hasnt he? 他去美國了,是嗎?(Hes 是He has的縮略形式)
Youd like to go swimming this afternoon, wouldnt you? 你想今天下午去游泳,是不是?(Youd 是You would的縮略形式)
Youd better go at once, hadnt you? 你最好馬上去,好不好? (Youd better 是You had better的縮略形式)
2. 陳述部分是肯定的祈使句,附加問句則既可以用will you,也可以用wont you。例如:
Come to my office after class, will / wont you?下課后來我辦公室,好嗎?
【溫馨提示】
如果陳述部分是否定的祈使句,附加問句習慣上用will you? 例如:
Dont be late for school, will you?不要上學遲到,好嗎?
如果祈使句以lets(包括說話者本人)開頭,簡短問句用shall we 或shant we,而Let us (me,him)等不包括說話者本人開頭的祈使句,簡短問句則要用will you (wont you)。例如:
Lets go to the cinema, shall / shant we? 咱們去看電影,好嗎?
Let us go home now, will / wont you? 我們現(xiàn)在回家,好嗎?
Let me have a look at your watch, will / wont you? 讓我看看你的手表,好嗎?
3.當陳述部分的主語是everything、something、nothing等復合代詞時,附加疑問句部分的主語用it;而當陳述部分的主語是 everybody、somebody、nobody、everyone、someone、none、no one時,附加疑問部分的主語可用he,也可用they。例如:
Nothing can stop us from going there, can it? 什么也不能阻止我們去那兒,是不是?
Everything begins to grow in spring, doesnt it? 春天萬物復蘇,是不是?
Nobody can answer the question, can he/they?沒有人能回答這個問題,是不是?
Somebody borrowed my pen yesterday, didnt he/they? 昨天有人借用了我的鋼筆,是嗎?
None of the boys are afraid of water, are they?這些男孩中沒有一個怕水的,是不是?
4. 陳述部分的主語是指示代詞this、that時,疑問部分的主語用it;若陳述部分的主語為these、those時,則疑問部分的主語用they。例如:
This is an English book, isnt it?這是一本英語書,是嗎?
These are red apples, arent they?這些是紅蘋果,是不是?
5. 當動詞have作“有”講時,疑問部分既可用have,也可用do。例如:
He has some flowers, hast / doesnt he?他有一些花,是不是?
【溫馨提示】當have作助動詞時,疑問部分用have。例如:
The family have travelled to England for a holiday, havent they?全家人都去英格蘭旅行度假了,是嗎?
當have不作助動詞或“有”講時,疑問部分用do。例如:
They often have a good time in the park, dont they?他們常在公園里玩得開心,是不是?
6.如果陳述部分為“Im...”結構,由于“am not”沒有縮寫形式,故疑問部分常用aret I,也可用aint I,或am I not。例如:
Im a middle school teacher, arent I / aint I / am I not?我是一名中學教師,對不對?
7. 若陳述句部分含有情態(tài)動詞 must,且must表示“必須”時,則疑問部分的謂語動詞用 mustnt;如 must表示“有必要”時,附加疑問部分則要用 neednt。例如:
You must work hard next term, mustnt you?下學期你必須努力學習,好嗎?
He must finish the work before supper, neednt he?他有必要在晚飯前完成這項工作,是不是?
【溫馨提示】當“must”表示“想必,一定”等推測意義時,疑問部分的謂語應根據(jù)句意來選擇其他動詞。例如:
She must be in the classroom, isnt she?她一定在教室里,是不是?(對現(xiàn)在情況的推測,附加疑問句的謂語動詞用be的現(xiàn)在式。)
The students must have played for a long time, havent they?同學們一定玩了很長一段時間了,是不是?( 對過去發(fā)生的動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的情況的推測 ,附加疑問句的謂語動詞用havent。)
You must have seen the good film yesterday,didnt you?你昨天一定看了那部好電影,是不是?(對過去情況的推測,附加疑問句的謂語動詞用did。)
8.當陳述部分是there be結構或there live、there stand等結構時,附加疑問部分的謂語用與陳述部分相對應的助動詞,而主語用陳述部分中的there(注:陳述部分中的there不是主語,而是引導詞)。如:
There is some bread on the table, isnt there?桌上有一些面包,是嗎?
There will be a football match tomorrow, wont there? 明天將舉行一場足球賽,是不是?
There lived a poor little girl a long time ago, didnt there?很久以前居住著一個貧窮的小女孩,是嗎?
【溫馨提示】There is a book, isnt it? 那是一本書,是不是?(there在此為句子主語)
9.若陳述部分含有have to(has to,had to),應把have to作為行為動詞看,即疑問部分用do的恰當形式。例如:
They have to finish their homework first, dont they?他們得先完成他們的家庭作業(yè),對嗎?
Tom has to go home alone, doesnt he?湯姆不得不獨自回家,是不是?
10. 陳述部分的主語如果是主語從句、不定式(短語)或動名詞(短語)等時,疑問部分的主語用it來代替。例如:
Fishing is interesting, isnt it?釣魚很有趣,是不是?
What he said isnt right, is it?他說的話不正確,對嗎?
To lean a foreign language well is not easy, is it?學好一門外國語是不容易的,對不對?
四、反義疑問句中的答語與語調
1.不管陳述句是肯定形式還是否定形式,也不管簡短問句是肯定形式還是否定形式,回答時,只看事實。若事實是肯定的,答語就要用Yes;若事實是否定的,答語就要用No。但在“前否定后肯定”的反義疑問句中,回答時Yes,No與漢語的“對,不對”正好相反。例如:
—He came here yesterday,didnt he?昨天他來過這兒,是嗎?—Yes,he did./No,he didnt. 是的,來過。/不,他沒有來過。
—She isnt a worker,is she?她不是工人,對不對?—Yes,she is. 不,她是工人。—No,she isnt. 對,她不是工人。
2. 反義疑問句陳述部分用降調,后半部分可以升可以降,即提問者對陳述部分把握較大時,用降調;把握不大時,用升調。例如:
—This question is easy,isnt ↗ it?這個問題很容易,是不是?—No,it isnt. 不,它很難。
—Its Saturday today,so it is Sunday tomorrow,isnt↘it?今天是星期六,明天是星期天,是不是?—Yes,it is. 是的。
五、反義疑問句中幾個注意事項
1. 陳述部分含有否定詞或半否定詞little(不是a little)、few(不是 a few)、never、no、nobody、nothing、none、hardly、seldom 等時,其附加部分要用肯定形式。例如:
There is no milk in the bottle,is there?瓶子里沒有牛奶,是嗎?
There were few mistakes in his exercise,were there? 他的練習中幾乎沒有錯誤,是不是?
He can hardly write his name,can he?他幾乎不會寫自己的名字,是嗎?
2. 陳述部分有表示否定的前綴或后綴的詞和表示否定意義的詞時,雖然其句意是否定的,但就其句子結構而言,陳述部分仍然是肯定結構,因此,其疑問部分要用否定結構。例如:
It is impossible,isnt it? 這是不可能的,是不是?
He dislikes bananas,doesnt he? 他不喜歡香蕉,是不是?
Mike missed the early bus yesterday,didnt he? 邁克昨天沒趕上早班公共汽車,是不是?
【學以致用】選擇填空。
1. They can hardly speak English,_______?(2012年湖北省黃石市)
A. cant they B. wont they C. can they D. will they
2. Tom had his 15th birthday party last night,________?(2012年廣西壯族自治區(qū)欽州市)
A. didnt he B. did he C. hadnt he D. was he
3. —Your brother often disagrees with you,______he?
—_______.We often have different opinions. (2012年江蘇省無錫市)
A. does;Yes B. doesnt; Yes C. does; No D. doesnt; No
4. — You havent been to the West Lake,have you?
—_______. But I will go there with my parents this summer vacation. (2012年廣東?。?/p>
A. No,I havent B. No,I didnt
C. Yes,I have D. Yes,I did
5. —Shes never spoken to a foreigner,_______?
—Yes.Shes active and can speak English freely.(2012年湖北省孝感市)
A. is she B. has she C. isnt she D. hasnt she
6. —You come from England,dont you?
—___. I come from a small town near London. (2012年青海省西寧市)
A. No,I do B. No,I dont C. Yes,I am D. Yes,I do
7. People who eat a balanced diet should be healthier than those who only eat biscuits and hamburgers,_________?(2012年浙江省杭州市)
A. dont they B. do they
C. shouldnt they D. should they
8. —Tom didnt go to school this morning,did he?
—_______.Though he had a bad cold. (2011年四川省達州市)
A. Yes,he didnt B. Yes,he did
C. No,he didnt D. No,he did
9. He has many friends at school,_________?(2011年廣西壯族自治區(qū)崇左市)
A. has he B. does he
C. doesnt he D. isnt he
10. —Alice had nothing for breakfast this morning,________?
—No. She got up too late. (2011年廣東?。?/p>
A. had she B. hadnt she
C. did she D. didnt she
Keys:
1-5 C A B A B 6-10 D C B C C