【摘 要】 筆者通過(guò)平時(shí)學(xué)生的作業(yè)和考試中學(xué)生不會(huì)用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)尤其是逗號(hào)或亂用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的情況,我應(yīng)用高考中五種典型的例子來(lái)說(shuō)明標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的重要性。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 高考英語(yǔ) 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào) 逗號(hào)意義與用法
高考英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作評(píng)分原則第五條有這樣一句話:“拼寫(xiě)與標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)是語(yǔ)言標(biāo)準(zhǔn)性的一方面,評(píng)分時(shí),要視其對(duì)交際的影響程度予以考慮”。其中提到標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)。說(shuō)明標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)是一項(xiàng)重要的要求。其實(shí)英語(yǔ)中的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)在意義和用法與漢語(yǔ)一樣(逗號(hào)表示一句話中的停頓,句號(hào)表示一句話的完成)。但是在平時(shí)的作業(yè)或考試中會(huì)出現(xiàn)許多錯(cuò)誤,有的學(xué)生寫(xiě)作文時(shí)沒(méi)有標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào);有的全篇是逗號(hào);有的全篇是句號(hào)。這說(shuō)明他們的表達(dá)不明確,甚至錯(cuò)誤。他們還沒(méi)有養(yǎng)成在英語(yǔ)中正確運(yùn)用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的習(xí)慣。
1. 分詞做伴隨狀語(yǔ)與并列句
—He stood there,smiling.
—He stood there and smiled.
前一句中有逗號(hào),動(dòng)詞smile 運(yùn)用了現(xiàn)在分詞做伴隨狀語(yǔ)。后一句應(yīng)用and并列連詞smile變成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞smiled。
—He stood up, helped by his slavers.
—He stood up and was helped by his slavers.
前一句中有豆號(hào),動(dòng)詞help運(yùn)用了過(guò)去分詞做伴隨狀語(yǔ)。后一句應(yīng)用and并列連詞,動(dòng)詞help變成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞was helped。
2. 定語(yǔ)從句與并列句
—He has three daughters,one of whom is a teacher.
—He has three daughters and one of them is a teacher.
前一句是定語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用了逗號(hào)。句中運(yùn)用了關(guān)系代詞whom。而后一句運(yùn)用了并列連詞and, one of中運(yùn)用代詞的賓格them。
3. 限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
(2011全國(guó)卷)Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shorts, _____ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.
A. this B. It C. that D. which
首先根據(jù)句子的意思判斷,該句為定語(yǔ)從句,排除A,C 選項(xiàng)。再根據(jù)空前的逗號(hào)可知。該句是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,排除B 選項(xiàng)。答案選D。如果把題改為:Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shorts _____ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.此題變成限制性定語(yǔ)從句。答案成為that 或which.有逗號(hào)與無(wú)逗號(hào)將是天壤之別。
4. 定語(yǔ)從句與主語(yǔ)從句
(2012福州模擬) _____ is known to us all is that the Chinese government has spared no efforts to protect people from fake food.
A. As B. It C. That D. What
考查主語(yǔ)從句,What在這里引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。選D。如果題目改為1)_____ is known to us all, the Chinese government has spared no efforts to protect people from fake food.此空應(yīng)填as,as引導(dǎo)非限制定語(yǔ)從句;2)_____ is known to us all that the Chinese government has spared no efforts to protect people from fake food.此空應(yīng)用 it做形式主語(yǔ),代替that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。
5. 特殊句式:祈使句+and/or/otherwise+陳述句
Give me more a chance and I will study hard to catch up with others.
Pay more attention to your mistakes or you will be fired.
如果把前一句中的并列連詞and變?yōu)槎禾?hào)。它將會(huì)出現(xiàn)以下句子結(jié)構(gòu)。
1) Given more a chance, I will study hard to catch up with others.(分詞做狀語(yǔ))
2) If you give me more a chance, I will study hard to catch up with others.(壯語(yǔ)從句)
如果把第二句中的選擇連詞or變?yōu)槎禾?hào)。它將會(huì)出現(xiàn)以下句子結(jié)構(gòu)。
1) Not paying more attention your mistakes, you will be fired.(分詞做狀語(yǔ))
2) If you don’t pay more attention your mistakes,you will be fired.(壯語(yǔ)從句)
5. 結(jié)束語(yǔ)
從上面高考熱點(diǎn)例子中,標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)在做題時(shí)起舉足輕重的作用。尤其逗號(hào)的用法。比如在選擇題中,改錯(cuò)題,往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)這樣的題目。如果我們?cè)趯?xiě)作文時(shí)亂用或不用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào),那你的作文可能把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用成非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,把簡(jiǎn)單句變成復(fù)合句,或者顛倒過(guò)來(lái)。所以我們?cè)谄綍r(shí)要重視它,養(yǎng)成一個(gè)運(yùn)用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的好習(xí)慣。否則,我們就會(huì)在高考選擇題上,改錯(cuò)題上失分,尤其在書(shū)面表達(dá)上沒(méi)有達(dá)到高考的要求 ,失分將會(huì)更加嚴(yán)重。我希望通過(guò)這些例子能對(duì)同學(xué)們有所幫助。
[1] 梁小龍. 英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中逗號(hào)的意義和應(yīng)用[J]. 中學(xué)課程輔導(dǎo)·教學(xué)研究, 2012(06).
[2] 張鳴鳳. 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)與高考英語(yǔ)——利用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)準(zhǔn)確判斷答案[J]. 中學(xué)教學(xué)參考, 2011(27).