11. 否定詞not放錯位置。
【誤】They want to have a good rest this weekend but they know that they will be not allowed to do that by their boss.
【正】They want to have a good rest this weekend but they know that they will not be allowed to do that by their boss.
【析】在被動語態(tài)中,not要放在助動詞的后邊,動詞原形be的前面。又如:A bridge is not being built in his hometown.
12. be與been不分的錯誤。
【誤】Has a new website be set up by the villagers to help the visitors learn more about the cultural relics?
【正】Has a new website been set up by the villagers to help the visitors learn more about the cultural relics?
【析】特別是分隔開的疑問句中,有些同學(xué)只知道要使用被動語態(tài),卻不知要使用與時態(tài)對應(yīng)的be動詞形式。
13. been與being不分的錯誤。
【誤】Nowadays many phones are been used as cameras and radios.
【正】Nowadays many phones are being used as cameras and radios.
【析】有些同學(xué)分不清been和being是怎么來的,由于讀音相近,常常弄混淆。been是be的過去分詞,being是其現(xiàn)在分詞。
14. 主賓格不分的錯誤。
例如:He has made a decision.變被動句→
【誤】A decision has been made by he.
【正】A decision has been made by him.
【析】相當(dāng)一部分同學(xué)基礎(chǔ)知識有缺陷,變被動語態(tài)時只知道把賓語提前改作主語,卻不知道主語也要換為賓格形式。
15. 主從句不分,錯變從句。
The university has suggested that they teach the course with the new science textbook. 將此句變被動語態(tài)→
【誤】The university has suggested that the course with the new science textbook has been taught by them.
【正】It has been suggested that they teach the course with the new science textbook.
【析】變被動語態(tài)的原則是變主句不變從句,以免引起句子結(jié)構(gòu)混亂。
16. 誤將某些使用主動形式表被動意義的詞語和結(jié)構(gòu)使用了被動形式。
【誤】The question that he referred to at the meeting was quite difficult to be answered.
【正】The question that he referred to at the meeting was quite difficult to answer.
【析】在某些形容詞后面,當(dāng)不定式表達(dá)的情況與主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系時,或者不定式的動作執(zhí)行者是主語時,用主動式表示被動意義。在need, require,want,be worth,deserve等詞的后面也用動名詞的主動形式表被動含義。又如:I think the film is worth seeing a second time. 我認(rèn)為這部電影值得再看一遍。
17. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)混亂錯誤。
【誤】The government has chosen the computer science department of the university to organize the training course.
【正】The computer science department of the university has been chosen by the government to organize the training course.
【析】這是新教材課本上一道練習(xí)題。有些同學(xué)分不清句子的賓語到底是什么,造成變被動語態(tài)時結(jié)構(gòu)紊亂。
18. 有些動詞強(qiáng)調(diào)動作時可以用被動語態(tài),但有時卻可以用主動形式表示事物特征和狀態(tài),很多同學(xué)誤將這樣的動詞使用了被動語態(tài)。
【誤】The house is burnt when he hurriedly got there.
【正】The house is burning when he hurriedly got there.
【析】該句表示的是房子燃燒的狀態(tài),并不表示由誰點(diǎn)燃,不能使用被動形式。這樣的動詞還有:wash,write,look,sell,read,print,cook,fry,bake, burn,hang等。又如:A clock is hanging on the front wall of our classroom. 教室前墻上掛著一個鐘。 Your pen writes smoothly. 你的筆書寫流暢。
19. 不清楚介詞短語和被動語態(tài)之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)換。
【誤】Thousands of families are fleeing their homes because their country is under attacked.
【正】Thousands of families are fleeing their homes because their country is being attacked / is under attack.
【析】某些“介詞+名詞”的短語也可以表示正在進(jìn)行著的被動動作,常見的這些介詞有:on,under。例如:Many new cars are on show.=Many new cars are being shown. Your questions are under discussion.=Your questions are being discussed.
20. 誤將某些用一般時表示進(jìn)行時的動詞使用了進(jìn)行時態(tài)。
【誤】You are being wanted on the phone.
【正】You are wanted on the phone.
【析】有些表“狀態(tài),心理活動,情感”等的動詞,常用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)表示“正在進(jìn)行”。例如:MP3 is becoming more and more popular. In other words,it is loved by more and more people.
編輯/梁宇清