任麗楠 郭曉鐘 鄒德莉 劉峰
·論著·
內(nèi)分泌腺來源的血管內(nèi)皮生長因子抑制胰腺癌細(xì)胞凋亡的信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)機制研究
任麗楠 郭曉鐘 鄒德莉 劉峰
目的探討內(nèi)分泌腺來源的血管內(nèi)皮生長因子(EG-VEGF)在胰腺癌MiaPaCa細(xì)胞中抗凋亡作用及其相關(guān)分子機制。方法以50、100、200 ng/ml EG-VEGF處理細(xì)胞,采用流式細(xì)胞儀檢測細(xì)胞凋亡,蛋白質(zhì)印跡法檢測細(xì)胞p42/44MAPK、STAT3蛋白表達及其磷酸化,檢測抗凋亡蛋白Mcl-1的表達。應(yīng)用G蛋白耦聯(lián)非特異受體阻斷劑PTX、Rsa/ERK信號通路阻斷劑PD98059和JAK/STAT3信號通路阻斷劑AG490預(yù)處理細(xì)胞1 h,觀察Mcl-1蛋白表達的變化。結(jié)果100 ng/ml EG-VEGF可使MiaPaCa細(xì)胞的凋亡率從(28.4±4.6)%顯著下降到(13.2±2.5)%(P<0.05)。50 ng/ml的EG-VEGF處理后,MiaPaCaⅡ細(xì)胞p42/44MAPK的磷酸化增加(1.735±0.019)倍;STAT3的磷酸化增加(21.810±0.052)倍,均較對照組顯著增加(P值均<0.05),但100、200 ng/ml EG-VEGF沒有進一步增加蛋白的磷酸化。50 ng/ml的EG-VEGF處理后,Mcl-1蛋白的表達較對照組增加(3.460±0.002)倍,但100、200 ng/ml EG-VEGF沒有進一步增加蛋白的表達;應(yīng)用PTX預(yù)處理后,Mcl-1蛋白表達的增加被完全抑制,用PD98059、AG490預(yù)處理后Mcl-1表達增加抑制率分別為52%和68%。結(jié)論EG-VEGF可抑制MiaPaCa細(xì)胞的凋亡,其機制可能與激活Ras-MAPK和JAK-STAT3信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路及增加Mcl-1蛋白的表達有關(guān)。
胰腺腫瘤; 血管內(nèi)皮生長因子; 細(xì)胞凋亡; 信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)
內(nèi)分泌腺來源的血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞生長因子(endocrine glands-derived vascular endothelial growth factor,EG-VEGF,又稱 PK1)是近年來發(fā)現(xiàn)的具有組織特異性的血管內(nèi)皮生長因子。它可調(diào)控腫瘤細(xì)胞的多種生物學(xué)功能,但對胰腺癌的調(diào)控作用目前尚無文獻報道。本實驗旨在觀察EG-VEGF對人胰腺癌細(xì)胞株MiaPaCa Ⅱ細(xì)胞凋亡的影響,探討其相關(guān)信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)的分子機制。
一、流式細(xì)胞儀檢測細(xì)胞凋亡
人胰腺癌高轉(zhuǎn)移細(xì)胞系MiaPaCa Ⅱ由瑞士伯爾尼大學(xué)Friess博士惠贈。細(xì)胞接種于6孔板,常規(guī)培養(yǎng)。待細(xì)胞貼壁后將培養(yǎng)基換成無血清DMEM培養(yǎng)過夜,培養(yǎng)上清中加入終濃度為100 ng/ml的重組人EG-VEGF(Peprotech公司),對照組上清不加EG-VEGF,每組設(shè)3個復(fù)孔。繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)24 h后加入AnnexinⅤ-PI(BD PharMingen)染色,流式細(xì)胞儀檢測凋亡率。
二、蛋白質(zhì)印跡法檢測p42/44MAPK、磷酸化p42/44MAPK (P-p42/44MAPK)、STAT3、P-STAT3及Mcl-1蛋白表達
MiaPaCa Ⅱ細(xì)胞貼壁后用無血清DMEM培養(yǎng)過夜的細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)上清中加入終濃度為50、100、200 ng/ml的EG-VEGF,以不加EG-VEGF細(xì)胞作為對照,繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)20 min。收集細(xì)胞,提取細(xì)胞總蛋白,應(yīng)用蛋白質(zhì)印跡法檢測p42/44MAPK、P-p42/44MAPK、STAT3、P-STAT-3蛋白表達。鼠抗人p42/44MAPK、P-p42/44MAPK、STAT3、P-STAT-3一抗(均購自Cell Signaling公司)以及內(nèi)參抗β-actin一抗(Santa Cruz Biotechnology公司)均1∶1000稀釋;鼠抗人Mcl-1(R&D Systems公司)一抗以1∶500稀釋;辣根過氧化物酶標(biāo)記的二抗(北京中山生物有限公司)1∶5000稀釋。最后ECL發(fā)光,圖像掃描儀掃描。以目的條帶與β-actin條帶灰度比值表示蛋白相對表達量。以對照組的磷酸化蛋白與非磷酸化蛋白比值作為1,計算實驗組的磷酸化蛋白與非磷酸化蛋白比值的增加倍數(shù)。
此外,在無血清DMEM培養(yǎng)過夜的MiaPaCaⅡ細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)基中分別加入G蛋白耦聯(lián)非特異受體阻斷劑PTX(終濃度為 200 ng/ml,公司)、Rsa/ERK信號通路阻斷劑PD98059(終濃度為50 μmol/L)和JAK/STAT3信號通路阻斷劑AG490 (終濃度為100 μmol/L)預(yù)處理細(xì)胞1 h,以單加DMSO為DMSO組。隨后吸盡培養(yǎng)上清,加入終濃度為100 ng/ml EG-VEGF的培養(yǎng)基繼續(xù)培養(yǎng) 2 h,以不加EG-VEGF為對照組。應(yīng)用蛋白質(zhì)印跡法檢測處理前后細(xì)胞的Mcl-1蛋白表達。以目的條帶與β-actin條帶灰度比值表示蛋白的相對表達量,以對照組為1,計算實驗組Mcl-1蛋白表達的增加倍數(shù)。
三、統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析
實驗數(shù)據(jù)用SPSS11.0軟件包,兩組均數(shù)間比較采用t檢驗。P<0.05為差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
一、EG-VEGF對MiaPaCaⅡ細(xì)胞凋亡的影響
AnnexinⅤ-PI染色后,單綠色著色為早期凋亡細(xì)胞,單紅色為晚期凋亡細(xì)胞,紅色和綠色共同著色為凋亡中期細(xì)胞(圖1)。對照組的細(xì)胞凋亡率為(28.4±4.6)%,100 ng/ml EG-VEGF處理組的細(xì)胞凋亡率為(13.2±2.5)%,較對照組顯著降低(P<0.05)。
圖1 MiaPaCaⅡ細(xì)胞的凋亡狀況(AnnexinⅤ-PI染色)
二、EG-VEGF對細(xì)胞p42/44MAPK、STAT3磷酸化的影響
50、100、200 ng/ml的EG-VEGF處理后,MiaPaCaⅡ細(xì)胞p42/44MAPK的磷酸化分別增加(1.735±0.019)、(1.943±0.022)、(1.930±0.054)倍; STAT3的磷酸化分別增加(21.810±0.052)、(28.850±0.048)、(28.870±0.054)倍(圖2a、b),但各濃度間增加磷酸化的程度無顯著差異。
三、EG-VEGF對細(xì)胞Mcl-1 蛋白表達的影響
50、100、200 ng/ml的EG-VEGF處理后,MiaPaCaⅡ細(xì)胞Mcl-1的表達量較對照組分別增加(3.460±0.002)、(3.900±0.002)、(3.940±0.003)倍(圖2c)。但各濃度間表達的增加程度無顯著差異。
圖2不同濃度EG-VEGF對細(xì)胞p42/44MAPK(a)、STAT3(b)磷酸化及Mcl-1蛋白表達(c)的影響
四、相關(guān)信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路阻斷劑對細(xì)胞Mcl-1表達的影響
DMSO組、PTX組、PD98059組、AG490組的Mcl-1蛋白表達量較對照組分別增加(2.320±0.005)、(0.940±0.003)、(1.870±0.006)、(1.250±0.005)倍。PTX完全阻斷EG-VEGF對Mcl-1表達的增強作用,而PD98059及AG490阻斷EG-VEGF對Mcl-1表達的增強作用分別為52%和68%(圖3)。
圖3 相關(guān)信號通號阻斷劑對Mcl-1蛋白表達的影響
EG-VEGF(PK1)是2001年被確認(rèn)的組織特異性的血管內(nèi)皮生長因子[1],僅僅作用于生成類固醇組織的細(xì)胞。它有兩個G蛋白耦聯(lián)受體PKR1和PKR2[2],與受體結(jié)合后激活絲裂酶原活化蛋白酶p42/44和磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶信號通路,導(dǎo)致內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞增殖、遷移和存活[3]。但對其調(diào)控胰腺癌細(xì)胞凋亡的作用及機制目前尚無相關(guān)報道。
本結(jié)果顯示, EG-VEGF能抑制MiaPaCa Ⅱ細(xì)胞的凋亡,可促進p42/44MAPK的磷酸化,激活Ras-MAPK信號通路,與文獻報道相一致[3-4]。同時,本結(jié)果顯示,EG-VEGF可促進STAT3的磷酸化,激活JAK-STAT3信號通路。有關(guān)研究尚未見有類似的報道。
Mcl-1是Bcl-2家族中重要的抗凋亡蛋白,在胰腺癌凋亡的過程中扮演重要作用[5]。本結(jié)果顯示,一定劑量的EG-VEGF可促進Mcl-1的表達,應(yīng)用PTX可相對完全地阻斷EG-VEGF對Mcl-1的調(diào)控作用,這是因為PTX阻斷了EG-VEGF與受體的結(jié)合所致[6]。這一結(jié)果一方面提示EG-VEGF對Mcl-1的調(diào)控關(guān)系,另一方面也反映其可在胰腺癌細(xì)胞中激活相關(guān)信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路,上調(diào)抗凋亡蛋白的表達。由于EG-VEGF的組織特異性,故其在胰腺癌的研究中有可能成為診斷和治療的新靶點。
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2010-11-02)
(本文編輯:屠振興)
InvestigationofthesignaltransductioninEG-VEGFinhibitingpancreaticcancercellsfromapoptosis
RENLi-nan,GUOXiao-zhong,ZOUDe-li,LIUFeng.
GeneralHospitalofShenyangMilitaryCommend,Shenyang110840,China
Correspondingauthor:GUOXiao-zhong,Email:guoxiaozhong1962@163.com
ObjectiveTo investigate the anti-apoptosis effects of EG-VEGF on pancreatic cancer cell MiaPaCa and its molecular mechanism.MethodsThe cells were treated with 50, 100, 200 ng/ml EG-VEGF. Flow cytometry was used to determine the apoptosis. The expression of p42/44MAPK, STAT3 protein and the phosphorylation, and anti-apoptosis protein Mcl-1 was evaluated by Western blot. Non-specific G protein-coupled receptor antagonist PTX, Rsa/ERK signal transduction blockade PD98059, JAK/STAT3 signal transduction blockade AG490 were used to treat the cells for 1 h, and the change of Mcl-1 protein was observed.ResultsAfter treated with 50 ng/ml EG-VEGF, the apoptosis rate of MiaPaCa was decreased from (28.4±4.6)% to (13.21±4.65)% (P<0.05); the phosphorylation of p42/44MAPK increased by 1.735±0.019 folds; the phosphorylation of STAT3 increased by 21.810±0.052 folds; the expression of Mcl-1 protein increased by 3.460±0.002 folds when compared with that of control group,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). But the degree of phosphorylation and the expression of Mcl-1 were not further increased with 100, 200 ng/ml EG VEGF treatment. After PTX pre-treatment, the increase of Mcl-1 protein expression was completely inhibited, and after PD98059, AG490 pre-treatment, the increase of Mcl-1 expression was inhibited to 52% and 68%.ConclusionsEG-VEGF can inhibit MiaPaCa cell from apoptosis, and the mechanism may be related with activation of Ras MAPK and JAK STAT3 signal transduction pathway and up-regulation of Mcl-1.
Pancreatic neoplasm; Vascular endothelial growth factor; Apoptosis; Signal transduction
10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-1935.2011.03.015
110840 沈陽,沈陽軍區(qū)總醫(yī)院消化內(nèi)科
郭曉鐘,Email:guoxiaozhong1962@163.com