陳曉仕 湖南省長(zhǎng)沙縣第七中學(xué)
巧解完形填空之招式
陳曉仕 湖南省長(zhǎng)沙縣第七中學(xué)
高考完形填空題主要考查學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力。它不僅考查詞匯、語(yǔ)法方面的知識(shí),還著重考查學(xué)生對(duì)語(yǔ)言材料的理解能力、分析判斷能力和邏輯推理能力。近年來(lái),高考完形填空題特別強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)語(yǔ)篇的理解,加大上下文的考查力度,增加同義詞、近義詞的比較。因此,該題型難度大、區(qū)分度高,是“容易拉開距離”的題型。
Warming-up Exercises(1)
樹立全局觀念,瞻前顧后 ,考慮語(yǔ)境。
1.Japan is an island country and its ___go all over Japan.(無(wú)語(yǔ)境限制,A,B,C,D都可選)
2.Japan is an island country and its ____go all over the Pacific looking for fi sh to catch.(只有 fi shing boats 才能到太平洋catch fi sh.選A)
3.Japan is an island country and its ___go over the Paci fi c looking for the fi shing group. (只有planes 才能飛在太平洋的上空尋找魚群。選C)
4.Japan is an island country and its ____ go on the Paci fi c looking for the missing people.(在太平洋上,尋找失蹤人員的應(yīng)是lifeboats。選B)
5.Japan is an island country and its ____ go all over Japan,sending peopleto work and back. ( 接送人們上下班的不會(huì)是fishing boat和lifeboats,而用planes 也有悖常理。選D)
A. fi shing boats B. lifeboats C. planes D. trains
Warming-up Exercises (2):
Read the passage and fi ll in the blanks with proper words.
Unfortunately,there are a large number of people in my family.Some wanted to see one programme______ others preferred another.(注意句中some與others之間的關(guān)系.答案:while)
做題從哪些方面入手?
1. 細(xì)讀首句,預(yù)測(cè)主題
完型填空的首句一般是不設(shè)空的。目的是使讀者進(jìn)入語(yǔ)境,因此一定要認(rèn)真閱讀這句話。利用首句或首段最大限度地獲取信息。
(1).Why is a space left between the rails of a railway line where one piece joins the next?( 這句話從鐵軌之間的縫隙引出了問(wèn)題,根據(jù)常識(shí),文中的內(nèi)容應(yīng)
與熱脹冷縮這一物理現(xiàn)象有關(guān)。)
2. 閱讀全文,領(lǐng)會(huì)大意。
瀏覽全文時(shí)要重點(diǎn)了解文中敘述的時(shí)間,地點(diǎn),人物,事件。即When,Where,who,what.
3.逐句細(xì)讀,試選答案。
試填時(shí)一定要在語(yǔ)境理解上下功夫,要抓住上下文的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系和邏輯聯(lián)系。這時(shí)不可忽視連接詞,代詞,插入語(yǔ),轉(zhuǎn)折詞的作用。如:but, yet, while, besides, there-fore, so that等。
4.細(xì)讀全文,推敲難題。
5.復(fù)讀全文,調(diào)整答案
完形填空題具體解題技巧
1.看清上下文,找準(zhǔn)定位詞
(1)Travelling __ today become yesterday; Travelling west it is tomorrow.
A. south B. east C. north D. west
(下句中的west,tomorrow 是 解題的關(guān)鍵。答案:B)
(2) Many old people don’t have good ____. They can’t watch TV, but they can listen to music or news over the radio .
A. hearing B. health C. eyesight D. time
(注意下文中can’t watch…but they can listen to …。答案:C)
2. 充分利用文章的上下文和前后句,找到對(duì)選擇有提示作用的詞或句。有時(shí)這些詞有可能是同義詞或反義詞.
(1). One evening, long after most people had gone to bed, a friend of mine and I went home happily through the __1__ street.
A. calm B. crowded C. silent D. quiet
(答案:D)
(2). Old Mrs. Cockle lived at the top of a very tall house in London.Most of the people who knew her were __3__ for her, because she had to climb 84 stairs __4__ she reached her own front-door.
3. A. happy B. sorry C. angry D. helpful
4. A. before B. after C. since D. until
(答案:B; A)
3. 注意固定搭配,包括動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配、動(dòng)詞與名詞的搭配以及形容詞與名詞的搭配等,同時(shí)要根據(jù)內(nèi)容選擇正確的短語(yǔ)。
(1) To his ______, it wasn’t a doll at all, but a man of the tiniest size with a high tall hat.
A. sadness B. surprise C. excitement D. joy
(答案:B)
(2). Do be quiet. You will give everybody a shock and __5__ them up for miles round.
A. call B. pick C. wake D. join
(答案:C)
4. 根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系確定選項(xiàng)
選項(xiàng)中所給的四個(gè)詞為表示上下文邏輯關(guān)系的連接性詞語(yǔ),它涉及到文章的起承轉(zhuǎn)合、上下連貫。這類題主要考查考生對(duì)上下文邏輯關(guān)系的理解,如轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、讓步關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系等。 常見的承接語(yǔ)有and, but, however, so, therefore, or, besides等。
( 1). At fi rst nothing happened,____ suddenly a large rat rushed out of the…
A. and B. or C. so D. then
(At fi rst…then 表順序。答案:D)
(2). My main responsibility(職責(zé)) were clearing tables and washing dishes,_ ___sometimes I helped cook.
A. or B. so C. but D. even
(答案:C)
5. 根據(jù)生活常識(shí)以及相關(guān)知識(shí)來(lái)確定選項(xiàng)。
(1). The space is left to let the rail expand(膨脹) when it gets___.
A. wet B. cold C. hot D. dry
(根據(jù)常識(shí)熱脹冷縮。答案:C)
6. 根據(jù)作者的態(tài)度,觀點(diǎn)等來(lái)確定相關(guān)選項(xiàng)
1. Life is very ______, so don’t rush to make decisions. Life doesn’t let you plan.
A. hard B. busy C. short D. long
(答案:D)
7.扎實(shí)基礎(chǔ),搞清辨異
1. Soon I heard a __like that of a door burst in, and then a climb of feet.
A.sound B.cry C.voice D.shout
(答案:A)
完形填空三步解題之法概括為:
一步粗讀尋思路, 二步細(xì)讀選答案, 三步復(fù)讀糾錯(cuò)誤, 若能沉著照此辦, 胸有成竹少失誤。
文章首句要重視,全篇理解有啟示。記敘體裁為主體,通讀全文明意旨。
填空多是實(shí)義詞,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)巧設(shè)計(jì)。詞類范疇必同一,確定最佳靠邏輯。
字里行間找信息,個(gè)別填空靠常識(shí)。相近詞義細(xì)辨析,習(xí)慣用法靠記憶。
復(fù)讀反思再核實(shí)。