摘 要:本文從互動式教學模式的概念出發(fā),結合案例探討互動式教學模式在英語閱讀課中的實施步驟,凸顯教學是教師、學生和學習內容三者之間的互動過程。它不僅改變了教師的教學觀念,還充分激發(fā)學生主動學習、參與和實踐的積極性,有助于培養(yǎng)學生的學習能力。
關鍵詞:互動式教學模式;閱讀課;課例
中國分類號:G424 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1992-7711(2010)4-077 -02
一、引言
如何提高高中英語閱讀課堂效率是長久以來英語教師所關心的熱點問題,在全市高三英語教學研討會上,筆者以互動式教學模式(Interaction)為指導設計了一節(jié)閱讀課(Module 10 Unit 1Project),以供同仁一起探討高效英語閱讀教學模式。
本課的教學步驟分為以下三部分:讀前階段、讀中階段、讀后階段。
1Pre-reading(讀前階段)
Step1.Lead-in
Task:Now, we have learned the article Give a man a fish. Who would like to tell us the writer’s intension?導入新課自然,切入主題。
導人新課往往需要學生與已掌握的舊知識作銜,通過復習Reading:Give a man a fish的寫作意圖,迅速自然導入相關的話題 A gift to the future迅速抓住學生注意力
Step 2.Prediction
Task 1:What would you like to know from the title? Try your best to raise as many questions as possible.
在往常閱讀課中往往會忽略這個重要的教學環(huán)節(jié),直接過渡到對文章的略讀。該教學步驟極大地喚起了學生學習的興趣,激勵學生主動尋求標題所暗含的大量信息。通過對題目的預測,激活了學生的背景知識,調動了學生學習的主動性,更重要的是,這項任務的設計,學生能真真切切地感受到標題在文中的重要性,學會與文本中的標題互動。
Task 2:Please read the following paragraphs on the screen and predict what will be mentioned next after each paragraph.
筆者在此以文章第一段為例:
In the next several decades, it is believed that the world’s population will increase to about nine billion people. This should set alarm bells ringing because the bare fact is that, in order for everyone to survive, serious changes need to be made in global development. This development needs to be different from past development, which polluted the environment and wasted natural resources.
快速瀏覽該段后,學生可以容易地發(fā)現(xiàn)最后一句是該段的重點,即對問題的描述,而接下來的一段很大可能是呈現(xiàn)問題的解決辦法。該環(huán)節(jié)的設計凸顯了預測的重要地位。學生不但要學會從標題中預測文章內容,還要學會從已知段落預測未知段落,這項任務使學生明確意識到與文本的互動可以幫助自己準確預測、構建文章,還能提高學生學習的主動性和積極性。
2While-reading(閱讀階段)
Task 1:Skim through the article and find how it is organized.
Part 1 ()of the theme-The importance of development
Part 2 ()The use and effect ofenergy.
Part 3 ()The use and advantages of energy.
Part 4 () : The necessity of using renewable energy.
這項任務的設計旨在引導學生運用Skimming從語篇的角度掌握文章的結構,進而幫助學生深入學習各個段落。在設計題目時,考慮到這項任務的難度,筆者將學生獨立完成分段、概括文章大意改為共同填寫圖表,提供暗示,幫助學生理清所學材料的脈絡,加深對文章的全面理解,樹立學生合作學習的意識。
Task 2: You are expected to cooperate with group members (six students)with the arranged paragraphs, and then create just only one question for each paragraph within three or five minutes. After that, you can ask the question to your classmate in the other two teams.
TeamTask
Team 1Paras 1-3
Team 2Paras 4-6
Team 3Paras 7-9
在設計問題前,筆者先提出本項任務的要求,即盡量考慮特殊疑問句的設置,避免使用一般疑問句或反義疑問句。問題的設計一定要與文章本身相結合,要利于其他小組成員從文中定位信息,找對答案。考慮到由于有前面的分段、概括大意做基礎,加之話題為大家所熟悉,小組討論很熱烈。在討論過程中,筆者充分發(fā)揮教師的主導作用,巡視并參與每個小組的討論,使討論始終圍繞問題的設計進行,但教師不控制整個討論,讓學生自己設問、答疑、總結,真正做到了學生為主體、生生互動的積極局面。小組合作學習后,筆者還特地設計了各個段落的問題以做學生設計問題的補充,完善。在展示問題的過程中,學生發(fā)現(xiàn)許多問題的設計與教師的設計不謀而合,這充分肯定了學生的合作意識,互動意識、創(chuàng)新意識。其中,。如:
1.What do you think of the development in the past ? (para 1)
2.Compared to the development in the past, what are the advantages of sustainable development? (para 2)
3.What do we depend on to provide energy in our modern lives? (para 3)
4.Could you give us some examples of the renewable energy? What are they? (para 6)
5.How can people gather solar energy? (para 7)
6.Where should hydroelectric power plants be built? (para 9)
此外,有些題目的設計是學生暫時沒能想到的,這又及時地顯現(xiàn)出教師教學的主導地位,通過師生互動再次加深學生對課文的理解。如:
Task 3:Answering the following questions
7.Please interpret the meaning of the word foreseeable in English on the line 45. (para 4)
8.Please recognize the structure in paragraph 5.
9.Can you identify the structure in the 8th paragraph? What’s it? (para 8)
第7題運用構詞法提醒學生對foreseeable單詞的關注,引導學生探究foreseeable由三部分組成:fore-see-able,學生自然而然可以推斷出單詞的含義。
學生在學習過程中往往習慣于學習教材所提供的現(xiàn)成知識,忽視了對知識的歸納概括,不注意對知識內在聯(lián)系的深入挖掘和對知識內容大背景的宏觀把握。這些內容都必須要由教師精講并加以提煉。第8題、第9題的設置又重新把學生的注意力從關注細節(jié)過渡到段落結構。第5段是Causation因果式(cause-effect);第8段是Comparison對比式(in the past; today)。
而第10段的設計留給了筆者,原因在于本篇文章共計十個段落,每一大組都必須在相等的時間內(3-5分鐘內)處理好長度接近相同的段落(3段),最后一段的處理又驗證了師生間的互動。
Task 4:Choose the best answer according to the text.
10. The writer considers renewable energy as the following except.
A. expensiveB. cheap
C. popularD. clean
這條題目的設置無形中又讓學生關注到不但可以用wh- questions, 還可以使用選擇題的形式來考查學生對文章的理解。
Task 5:Recognizing cohesive devices that writers use.
In many parts of the world, tentative steps are being taken to introduce these forms of renewable energy. This is because replacing fossil fuels as an energy source can be very expensive for many developing countries. Nevertheless, in some developing countries, people are being taught how to use renewable energy. For example, some people in Nigeria are training to become operators of solar energy generators, and in Costa Rica, people are now using hydroelectricity to power their small villages. Many of these communities did not have any form of electricity or power before this. The introduction of programmes like these will hopefully help end the systematic destruction of the environment and see renewable energy promoted around the world. This will mean good things for our future, our children’s future and our grandchildren’s future.
該環(huán)節(jié)的設置,目的在于吸引學生的注意力,關注句子與句子之間的銜接與連貫。比如,these forms of renewable energy;This is because; Nevertheless; For example; Many of these communities;like these;This等。從而,學生能更加主動發(fā)現(xiàn)、運用這些銜接詞。
3While-reading(讀后階段)
Task:Your group is going to cooperate to write a report about sustainable development. Every member deals with one point. After that, your group leader will present it to our class. The following tips will help you.
1. the definition of sustainable development
2. the importance of protecting the environment
3.the reasons why we should use renewable energy
4. the examples of alternative energy
5. their advantages
6.your attitude towards sustainable development
在小組學習中,小組成員的任務就是掌握教師講解的內容,完成老師在限定時間內分配的學習任務,學生在明確了學習任務之后,與同組成員互相商討,從事積極的認知活動,通過分組,小組用英語進行討論合作學習,生生互動,使小組成員專注于學習任務,保證每個成員的分工并完成自己各自份內的職責,還要確保每個成員從小組學習中獲益。最后可挑選兩組匯報討論結果并讓其他小組作評論,再由教師總結評論。
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