唐丙喜 鄧芝云 孔祥才 陳嘉嶼 張方信
·論著·
大黃甘草湯對急性壞死性胰腺炎大鼠并發(fā)的肺損傷的影響
唐丙喜 鄧芝云 孔祥才 陳嘉嶼 張方信
目的觀察大黃甘草湯對急性壞死性胰腺炎(ANP)大鼠并發(fā)肺損傷的治療效果,探討其作用機(jī)制。方法90只Wistar大鼠按完全隨機(jī)法分為假手術(shù)組、ANP組和大黃甘草湯治療(治療)組,每組30只。采用逆行胰膽管注射4%?;悄懰徕c方法制備ANP模型。治療組在制模后給予大黃甘草湯(0.25 g/ml)0.6 ml/100 g體重灌胃,1次/12 h;假手術(shù)組與ANP組予等量生理鹽水灌胃。術(shù)后6、12、24 h分批處死大鼠,取胰腺及肺組織行病理學(xué)檢查并評分;測血清及肺組織IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α水平;免疫組化法檢測肺組織Toll樣受體4(TLR4)的表達(dá)量。結(jié)果制模后12 h,假手術(shù)組、ANP組和治療組的血IL-6水平分別為(14.4±4.0)pg/ml、(171.4±41.3)pg/ml、(156.9±34.7)pg/ml,IL-10水平為(13.7±4.5)pg/ml、(120.5±23.7)pg/ml、(148.3±44.4)pg/ml,TNF-α水平為(22.4±4.7)pg/ml、(261.3±51.4)pg/ml、(235.3±45.9)pg/ml;肺組織IL-6水平為(257.3±55.9)pg/g、(2578.3±403.0)pg/g、(2370.0±491.0)pg/g,IL-10水平為(80.8±20.8)pg/g、(642.0±107.3)pg/g、(695.3±151.7)pg/g,TNF-α水平為(207.6±98.6)pg/g、(1769.1±635.6)pg/g、(1401.1±450.5)pg/g;胰腺病理評分為0、7.0±1.3、6.3±1.0;肺臟病理評分為0、6.3±1.4、5.6±1.0;肺組織TLR4表達(dá)量為0.09±0.03、0.59±0.09、0.52±0.08。ANP組和治療組的上述指標(biāo)均顯著高于假手術(shù)組(P值均<0.01);除IL-10外,治療組的指標(biāo)又顯著低于ANP組(P值均<0.05)。肺組織病理學(xué)損傷與胰腺組織損傷呈正相關(guān)(r=0.807,P<0.01),與TLR4表達(dá)水平亦呈正相關(guān)(r=0.519,P<0.01)。結(jié)論大黃甘草湯可快速改善ANP并發(fā)的肺損傷,其機(jī)制可能與抑制TLR4的表達(dá)、降低IL-6和TNF-α、升高IL-10水平有關(guān)。
胰腺炎,急性壞死性; 大黃甘草湯; 肺損傷; Toll樣受體4; 細(xì)胞因子類
重癥急性胰腺炎(SAP)常伴發(fā)多器官功能障礙綜合征(MODS)或多器官功能衰竭(MOF)。其中70%的SAP患者可并發(fā)急性肺損傷,相當(dāng)一部分患者進(jìn)展為呼吸窘迫綜合征(ARDS),它是SAP患者早期病死的主要原因[1]。祖國醫(yī)學(xué)認(rèn)為,SAP多由實(shí)熱積滯、腑氣不通所致, 治療宜采用攻下通腑, 清熱解毒之中藥。大黃甘草湯具有瀉下通便, 活血祛瘀, 逐腐解毒之功,為《金匱要略》中的名方,目前尚未見在SAP患者中應(yīng)用的報(bào)告。本實(shí)驗(yàn)觀察大黃甘草湯對實(shí)驗(yàn)性急性壞死性胰腺炎(ANP)大鼠肺損傷的影響,探討其作用機(jī)制,為臨床應(yīng)用提供實(shí)驗(yàn)依據(jù)。
一、動物與分組
清潔級Wistar大鼠90只,由蘭州大學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)動物中心提供,雌雄各半,體重220~280 g。按完全隨機(jī)法分為假手術(shù)組、ANP組和大黃甘草湯治療(治療)組,每組30只。假手術(shù)組僅開腹后輕翻胰腺組織。ANP組和治療組采用逆行膽胰管緩慢注入4%?;悄懰徕c(Sigma公司)0.1 ml/100 g體重的方法制備ANP模型。治療組于制模后給予大黃甘草湯(0.25 g/ml)0.6 ml/100 g體重灌胃,1次/12 h。大黃甘草湯(大黃12 g,甘草3 g)由我院藥劑科提供。其余兩組在相應(yīng)時間點(diǎn)給予等量生理鹽水灌胃。術(shù)后6、12、24 h分批處死大鼠,腹主動脈采血,離心取血清,置-20℃冰箱;同時取胰尾部胰腺及左、右上葉肺,一部分于液氮新鮮保存,一部分于10%甲醛中固定。
二、檢測指標(biāo)及方法
1.IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α水平檢測:采用ELISA方法。試劑盒均購自武漢博士德生物工程有限公司,按說明書要求操作。
2.胰腺及肺組織病理檢查:按常規(guī)操作。胰腺組織病理學(xué)評分采用改良的Schimidt評分方法[2],肺組織病理學(xué)評分采用經(jīng)改良的雷文章和Osma標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[3-4]。
3.肺組織Toll樣受體4(Toll-like receptors 4,TLR4)蛋白檢測:采用免疫組化方法。以細(xì)胞膜出現(xiàn)棕黃色顆粒為陽性。取3個視野,應(yīng)用zmage-proplus 5.0軟件測量陽性面積光密度值,取均值表示TLR4蛋白相對表達(dá)量。
三、統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
一、血清及肺組織IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α水平的變化
假手術(shù)組血清及肺組織IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α水平均無明顯變化;ANP組和治療組血清及肺組織IL-6、TNF-α水平呈時間依賴性逐漸升高,而IL-10水平呈時間依賴性逐漸降低(表1)。ANP組與治療組IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α水平均較假手術(shù)組明顯升高(P值均<0.01);治療組的IL-6、TNF-α水平較ANP組明顯降低(P<0.05),而IL-10水平則明顯升高(P<0.05)。
表1 各組血清、肺組織IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α的變化及胰腺和肺組織病理學(xué)評分
注:與假手術(shù)組比較,aP<0.01;與ANP組比較,bP<0.05
二、胰腺及肺臟組織病理改變
假手術(shù)組胰腺及肺組織結(jié)構(gòu)正常。ANP組光鏡下見胰腺彌漫性出血及片狀壞死,間質(zhì)和胰腺小葉大量炎癥細(xì)胞浸潤;肺泡壁破裂,間質(zhì)充血、水腫、明顯增寬,肺泡和肺間質(zhì)中有大量的中性粒細(xì)胞浸潤。治療組光鏡下見胰腺細(xì)胞變性和腺小葉結(jié)構(gòu)輕度破壞,少量炎癥細(xì)胞浸潤;肺組織輕度水腫,間質(zhì)輕度充血、水腫,肺泡和肺間質(zhì)中少量中性粒細(xì)胞浸潤。各組胰腺及肺組織病理評分見表1。ANP組與治療組的胰腺及肺組織的病理評分均呈逐漸增加趨勢,但治療組的病理評分較ANP組明顯減輕(P值均<0.05)。胰腺組織與肺組織病理評分呈正相關(guān)(r=0.807,P<0.01)。
三、肺組織TLR4表達(dá)量的變化
假手術(shù)組肺組織TLR4表達(dá)很低,術(shù)后6、12、24 h的表達(dá)量分別為0.10±0.04、0.09±0.03和0.10±0.03。ANP組和治療組肺組織TLR4均呈高水平表達(dá)(圖1),兩組制模后6、12、24 h的表達(dá)量分別為0.46±0.06、0.59±0.09、0.51±0.09和0.43±0.08、0.52±0.08、0.47±0.07,12 h時達(dá)峰值。但治療組均較同時點(diǎn)ANP組明顯降低(P值均<0.05)。肺組織TLR4表達(dá)水平與其病理評分呈正相關(guān)(r=0.519,P<0.01)。
IL-6、TNF-α、IL-10作為重要的炎癥因子,在SAP 的發(fā)生、發(fā)展中具有重要作用。Inagaki等[5]報(bào)道,IL-6是早期評估急性胰腺炎(AP)嚴(yán)重程度的最佳指標(biāo),當(dāng)IL-6>122pg/ml時,預(yù)測SAP及MOF的靈敏性和特異性分別為81.8%和77.7%[6]。TNF-α在AP早期胰腺組織中表達(dá)增加,隨后也在肺、肝和脾中大量產(chǎn)生,激發(fā)一系列級聯(lián)反應(yīng),最終導(dǎo)致胰腺及胰腺外組織的損傷。IL-10作為一種重要的抗炎細(xì)胞因子,可抑制Th1細(xì)胞的增殖,減少巨噬細(xì)胞MHC-2分子的表達(dá),抑制多種細(xì)胞因子的合成,是維持細(xì)胞因子網(wǎng)絡(luò)平衡的重要負(fù)調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制。TLR目前被公認(rèn)為哺乳動物胞外抗原信息傳遞到胞內(nèi)的關(guān)鍵跨膜蛋白[7-9],其中TLR4是最早被發(fā)現(xiàn),也是被研究最多的成員[10],它在AP發(fā)展過程中具有非常重要的促炎作用。缺失該基因的老鼠可明顯減輕胰腺炎的嚴(yán)重程度,并可減輕其并發(fā)的肺臟損傷[11],其信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)過程大體為:脂多糖(LPS)與LPS結(jié)合蛋白(LPS bindingprotein,LBP) 結(jié)合形成的復(fù)合體轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)到單核、巨噬細(xì)胞膜表面的CD14,借助膜上的TLR4,并在輔助受體MD-2的協(xié)助下,通過一系列反應(yīng), 最后激活NF-κB,進(jìn)而誘導(dǎo)多種細(xì)胞因子(IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α)、黏附因子、趨化因子的表達(dá)。但TLR4的上述作用亦可以不依賴于LPS[11]。在沒有感染的情況下,它可介導(dǎo)熱休克蛋白70引起全身炎癥反應(yīng)綜合征[12]。
圖1ANP組(左列)和治療組(右列)制模后6(上)、12(中)、24 h(下)的肺組織TLR4表達(dá)(免疫組化 ×400)
大黃甘草湯是《金匱要略》中的名方。方中大黃性味苦寒,有暢積滯、瀉火熱、消癰腫、祛瘀血、推陳出新之功;甘草性味甘平,為解諸毒、緩攣急。二者配伍,瀉中寓補(bǔ),通中寓守,相輔相成。本實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,大黃甘草湯可以快速降低大鼠肺組織TLR4的表達(dá),降低血清及肺組織中IL-6、TNF-α的水平,升高血清及肺組織中IL-10水平,從而改善胰腺及肺組織的損傷,減緩甚至可部分阻斷胰腺炎病情的發(fā)展。在制模后6 h,肺組織TLR4表達(dá)水平即明顯升高,12 h達(dá)到高峰,之后有所下降,這與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道的肝臟、腎臟、小腸中TLR4的表達(dá)規(guī)律較為一致[13]。肺組織病理學(xué)損傷與胰腺組織呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系,與TLR4表達(dá)水平也呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系,提示肺組織損傷的嚴(yán)重程度可能是伴隨胰腺損傷程度而改變,且TLR4在AP相關(guān)性肺損傷中具有重要作用。
由于大黃甘草湯可快速減輕ANP時并發(fā)的肺損傷癥狀,且來源廣泛,價格低廉,使用方便,可成為治療SAP的常規(guī)輔助藥物,值得進(jìn)一步進(jìn)行臨床研究并推廣。
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(本文編輯:屠振興)
EffectofDahuangGancaodecoctiononlunginjurycomplicatedbyacutenecrotizingpancreatitis
TANGBing-xi,DENGZhi-yun,KONGXiang-cai,CHENJia-yu,ZHANGFang-xin.
DepartmentofGastroenterology,SecondMedicalCollege,LanzhouUniversity,Lanzhou730050,China
Correspondinganthor:ZHANGFang-xin,Email:zhangfx2008@tom.com
ObjectiveTo investigate the treatment effects of dahuang gancao decoction on lung Injury complicated by acute necrotizing pancreatitis and explore its mechanism.Methods90 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, namely sham-operated group (SO), ANP group (ANP), dahuang gancao decoction treatment group (DG). 4% sodium taurocholate was injected into the pancreatic duct to induce ANP. Dahuang gancao decoction(0.25 g/ml) 0.6 ml/100 g weight was gavaged in the DG group, the same volume of normal saline was gavaged in the SO and ANP group, which was repeated 12 h later. After 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, all rats were sacrificed, pancreas and lung tissues were harvested to observe the pathological changes and the pathological changes were scored. IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α levels of serum and lung tissue were measured, and the changes of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression in lung tissue was determined by immunohistochemical method.Results12 h after ANP induction, the serum levels of IL-6 in SO, ANP, DG group were (14.4±4.0)pg/ml, (171.4±41.3)pg/ml, (156.9±34.7)pg/ml; the serum levels of IL-10 were (13.7±4.5)pg/ml, (120.5±23.7)pg/ml, (148.3±44.4)pg/ml; the serum levels of TNF-α were (22.4±4.7)pg/ml, (261.3±51.4)pg/ml, (235.3±45.9)pg/ml; the lung tissue levels of IL-6 were (257.3±55.9)pg/ml,(2578.3±403.0)pg/ml,( 2370.0±491.0)pg/ml; the lung tissue levels of IL-10 were (80.8±20.8)pg/g, (642.0±107.3)pg/g, (695.3±151.7)pg/g, the lung tissue levels of TNF-α were (207.6±98.6)pg/g, (1769.1±635.6)pg/g, (1401.1±450.5)pg/g; the pancreas pathological scores were 0, 7.00±1.33, 6.30±0.95; the lung pathological scores were 0, 6.30±1.42, 5.60±0.97; the expressions of TLR4 in lung tissue were 0.09±0.03, 0.59±0.09, 0.52±0.08. The values in the ANP and DG groups were significantly higher than those in SO group (P<0.01);except for IL-10, all values in the DG groups were significantly lower than those in ANP group (P<0.05); there was a positive association between lung and pancreas scores (r=0.807,P<0.01), and lung score was positively associated with the expression of TLR4 (r=0.519,P<0.01).ConclusionsDahuang gancao decoction may quickly improve lung injury complivated by ANP. The mechanism may involve inhibiting the expression of TLR4 and down-regulating the expression of IL-6, TNF-α, up-regulating the expression of IL-10.
Pancreatitis, acute necrotizing; Dahuang gancao decoction; Lung injury; Toll-like receptor 4; Cytokines
10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-1935.2010.03.011
2007年甘肅省自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(ZS076-A23-086-Y)
730050 蘭州,蘭州大學(xué)第二臨床醫(yī)學(xué)院消化內(nèi)科(唐丙喜、孔祥才);蘭州軍區(qū)蘭州總醫(yī)院檢驗(yàn)科(鄧芝云),消化科(陳嘉嶼、張方信)
張方信,Email:zhangfx2008@tom.com