陳　祥

一般過(guò)去時(shí)是英語(yǔ)王國(guó)里的一個(gè)重量級(jí)“人物”。要想了解它,就必須過(guò)以下五關(guān):

第一關(guān):概念

一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束的事情或動(dòng)作;也可以表示過(guò)去所處的狀態(tài)。例如:

I went to the zoo last weekend. 上周末我去動(dòng)物園了。

He was a fireman. 他過(guò)去是一個(gè)消防隊(duì)員。

第二關(guān):信息標(biāo)志詞

與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有just now, yesterday, the day before yesterday(前天), (three days, one month ...) ago, last(week, month ...), on Sunday morning (afternoon, evening ...)等。例如:

We went to the park three days ago. 三天前我們?nèi)チ四莻€(gè)公園。

第三關(guān):動(dòng)詞

具體變化規(guī)則請(qǐng)看下表:

第四關(guān):句式

1. 含有was / were的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的否定句是在was / were后加not;一般疑問(wèn)句是將was / were提到句首,其肯定回答為“Yes, 主語(yǔ) + was / were”;否定回答為“No, 主語(yǔ) + wasnt / werent”。例如:

They werent late for school this morning. 今天早上他們上學(xué)沒(méi)有遲到。

—Was your summer vacation fun?你的暑假過(guò)得愉快嗎?

—Yes, it was. / No, it wasnt. 是的,很愉快。/ 不,不愉快。

2. 含有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的否定句是在主語(yǔ)后加didnt,且把原句中的動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式還原為動(dòng)詞原形;一般疑問(wèn)句是在主語(yǔ)前加did,原句中的動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式也要還原為動(dòng)詞原形,其肯定回答為“Yes, 主語(yǔ) + did”;否定回答為“No, 主語(yǔ) + didnt”。例如:

He didnt practise English yesterday. 昨天他沒(méi)有練習(xí)英語(yǔ)。

—Did you go to a movie last night?昨天晚上你去看電影了嗎?

—Yes, I did. / No, I didnt. 是的,我去了。/ 不,我沒(méi)去。

第五關(guān):特殊用法

1. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)也用于表示在過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。例如:

We often played together when we were children. 小時(shí)候我們常在一起玩。

I always asked some strange questions when I was at primary school. 我上小學(xué)時(shí)總是問(wèn)一些奇怪的問(wèn)題。

2. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)還可以表示現(xiàn)在,但語(yǔ)氣聽(tīng)起來(lái)比用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)委婉多了。例如:

Would you like some milk?你想要一些牛奶嗎?

Could you lend me your pen?你能把鋼筆借給我嗎?

【鞏固精練】

用括號(hào)內(nèi)的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)的正確形式填空。[get up, do, have breakfast, have a rest, watch, be, go to bed, have a good time, wash, wear]

It is Sunday. I 1 at seven oclock, then I 2 my face. At seven thirty, I 3 . Then I 4 my homework, washed my clothes and did some housework. After lunch, I 5 ,then I 6 my sports shoes and went to the gym to play basketball. In the evening, I 7 TV. I 8 at nine thirty. I 9 very busy but I 10 today.

Keys:1. got up 2. washed 3. had breakfast 4. did 5. had a rest 6. wore 7. watched 8. went to bed 9. was 10. had a good time