賓語(yǔ)從句是初中階段重要的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目，也是各地中考的熱點(diǎn)之一。筆者研讀了2008年全國(guó)各省市的中考試題，對(duì)涉及到賓語(yǔ)從句的考點(diǎn)進(jìn)行歸類分析，供同學(xué)們備考時(shí)參考。

一、考查引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞

【考點(diǎn)聚焦】

1. 由陳述句變來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)從句常由連詞that引導(dǎo)。這樣用的that本身無(wú)詞義，在從句中也不作句子成分，在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中?？墒÷?。

2. 由一般疑問(wèn)句變來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)從句由連詞if或whether引導(dǎo)。 if和whether意為“是否”，在從句中不作句子成分。但whether從句可用作介詞賓語(yǔ)，而且后面還可以跟or not，而if從句不能這樣用。

3. 由特殊疑問(wèn)句變來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)從句由連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)。常用來(lái)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連接代詞或連接副詞有who，whom，what，how，when，where，why等。它們都有其特定的意義，而且在賓語(yǔ)從句中可以用作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)等。

【試題精選】

1) (2008永州市) Our teacher asked me______I know the names of the mascots(福娃).

A. if B. what C. that

2) (2008十堰市) —I think it’s going to be a problem.

—Yes，it could be.

—I wonder______we can do about it.

A. what B. how C. if D. that

3) (2008 安徽省) I didn’t know______they could pass the exam or not.

A. why B. when C. that D. whether

4) (2008寧夏回族自治區(qū)) Can you tell me______lives on this floor?

A. whom B. who C. whose D. which

5) (2008鹽城市) —Do you know______the soldiers came to Yingxia Town?

—The roads were badly broken. They had to walk there.

A. why B. when C. how D. where

6) (2008蕪湖市) He is an unpleasant man. I don’t understand______she married him.

A. whether B. if C. why D. how

7) (2008安徽省) —Do you know______it is from here to the gym?

—About twenty-minutes’ walk.

A. how long B. how far C. how soon D. how often

8) (2008山東省) While flying，a bat makes a sound which hits things and comes back to its ears. In this way it’s able to know______the things are and avoid bumping into them.

A. how B. where C. what D. which

二、考查賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)

【考點(diǎn)聚焦】

1. 若主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，則可根據(jù)意義上的要求，在賓語(yǔ)從句中使用任何一種時(shí)態(tài)。

2. 若主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可為過(guò)去時(shí)間范疇的某一種時(shí)態(tài)。

3. 若賓語(yǔ)從句表述的是客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理，則不管主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是何種時(shí)態(tài)，賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都應(yīng)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

【試題精選】

9) (2008張家口市) She wondered if they______in Shanghai in two days.

A. arrive B. arrived

C. will arrive D. would arrive

10) (2008哈爾濱市) —Do you know______last night?

—Sorry，I don’t know. But I think he should go to bed early because he will have an English exam this afternoon.

A. when he goes to bed B. when he went to bed

C. when did he go to bed

11) (2008嘉峪關(guān)市) The teacher told us that the moon______around the earth.

A. moved B. moves C. was moving D. had moved

12) (2008濰坊市) The shop assistant said he knew______.

A. where does the manager live B. where the manager lives

C. where did the manager live D. where the manager lived

13) (2007青島市) The shopkeeper said they______the shoes______.

A. have sold out，in my size B. sold out，of my size

C. had sold out，for my size D. had sold out，in my size

三、考查賓語(yǔ)從句中主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)序

【考點(diǎn)聚焦】

在賓語(yǔ)從句中，主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該在前，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)該在后。

【試題精選】

14) (2008武漢市) —Do you know______?

—Sorry，I don’t know.

A. where does Jimmy work B. where Jimmy works

C. how does Jimmy go to work D. what does Jimmy do

15) (2008天津市) —Can you tell me______?

—Yesterday.

A. when did he buy the carB. where did he buy the car

C. when he bought the carD. where he bought the car

16) (2008蘇州市) I wonder______.

A. how much cost these shoes B. how much these shoes cost

C. how much do these shoes cost D. how much are these shoes cost

17) (2008咸寧市) —Could you tell me______?

—Because she likes her students very much.

A. why so many students like the teacher

B. why do so many students like the teacher

C. why did so many students like the teacher

D. why so many students liked the teacher

18) (2008資陽(yáng)市) —What did you say just now?

—I asked______.

A. that I could open the door B. could I open the door

C. how could I open the door D. how I could open the door

19) (2008河南省) —May I come in? I’m sorry I am late.

—Come in，please. But could you please tell me______?

A. why you are late again B. what were you doing then

C. who you talked with D. how do you come to school

四、考查if和when引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的區(qū)別

【考點(diǎn)聚焦】

1. 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，if意為“是否”，when意為“什么時(shí)候”。此時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)和主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)相呼應(yīng)。

2. if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，意為“假如、如果”；when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，意為“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”。若主句為一般將來(lái)時(shí)，可在if和when從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來(lái)時(shí)間。

【試題精選】

20) (2008張家口市) I don’t know when Jim______. I’ll meet him at the airport when he______.

A. will return，return B. returns，will return

C. returned，returned D. will return，returns

21) (2008恩施自治州) I don’t know if my uncle______. If he______，I will be very happy.

A. comes，will come B. will come，will come

C. comes，comes D. will come，comes

22) (2008重慶市) I’m waiting for my friend.______，I’ll go shopping alone.

A. If she comes B. If she will come

C. If she doesn’t come D. If she didn’t come

23) (2008青海省) We are not sure if it______tomorrow. If it______，our sports meeting will be put off.

A. will rain，rains B. rains，will rain

C. will rain，will rain

24) (2008自貢市) Do you know if he______back in two hours?

A. will be B. comes

C. has been

25) (2007連云港市) —Mum，______shall we have lunch?

—We will have it when your dad______.

A. when，returns B. where，returns

C. where，will return D. when，will return ]

Key：1-5 AADBC 6-10 CBBDB 11-15 BDDBC

16-20 BADAD 21-25 DCAAA

從上面的中考試題中我們可以看出：各地中考試題對(duì)賓語(yǔ)從句的考查多集中在上述四點(diǎn)。其中有不少試題不是單獨(dú)測(cè)試某一點(diǎn)，而是將引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)序與其他從句和具體語(yǔ)境結(jié)合起來(lái)考查，使試題的設(shè)置更趨復(fù)雜。這就要求同學(xué)們?cè)谄綍r(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中打牢基礎(chǔ)，抓準(zhǔn)考點(diǎn)，進(jìn)行綜合歸納分析。