1. across/through

Go across the bridge. 走過橋去。

The students walked through the gate with Uncle Wang. 學(xué)生們同王大伯一起穿過大門。

[辨析] 兩者都有“穿過“的意思，但across指在某一空間內(nèi)從一端到另一端或成十字交叉穿過，而through著重指從物體中間穿過。

[精練]

The government has decided to build another bridge______the Changjiang River.

A. above B. over C. across D. through

Key：C

2. all/whole

It’s good to see all my teachers and friends again. 見到我所有的老師和朋友，真是好極了。

The whole village went out to welcome us. 全村的人都出來歡迎我們。

[辨析] all與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用時(shí)，意為“所有的”，與單數(shù)名詞連用時(shí)，意為“整個(gè)的”、“全部的”。 whole的后面大多接單數(shù)名詞，它一般不能與物質(zhì)名詞連用。不能說the whole money，應(yīng)該說all the money(全部的錢)。

注意：與冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、名詞所有格或其他限定詞連用時(shí)，all位于其前，而whole位于其后。請(qǐng)比較：

all her time = her whole time

all the school = the whole school

[精練]

① The sentence “All the children are late” means “______”.

A. All the children are not early.

B. Not all the children are early.

C. Each child is early.

D. None of the children is early.

② Don’t stay in bed______.

A. whole the day B. all day

C. all of day D. the all day

Key：① D ② B

3. already/yet

I’ve already finished it. 這件事我已經(jīng)做完了。

Have you found your ruler yet? 你已經(jīng)找到你的尺子了嗎?

[辨析] already主要用在肯定的陳述句中，通常與動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)或進(jìn)行時(shí)連用。 already有時(shí)也可以和動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或過去時(shí)連用，但謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是延續(xù)性的。例如：It is already seven. 時(shí)間已經(jīng)是七點(diǎn)了。

already也可用在疑問句中，暗示說話人的“驚奇”，“意外”。例如：Have you already had breakfast? 難道你已經(jīng)吃過早飯了?

yet常在否定句和疑問句中與動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。

[精練]

① —Have you______heard the story about Jack?

—No，not______.

A. already，ever B. ever，yet

C. yet，already D. yet，ever

② The teacher is so busy. She hasn’t had her lunch______.

A. yet B. already C. still D. just

Key：① B ② A

4. among/between

We visited him at his workplace among the young trees. 我們?cè)谒闹荛L滿小樹的工地上拜訪了他。

The Great Green Wall is 7，000 kilometres long，and between 400 and 1，700 kilometres wide. 綠色長城7，000公里長，400至1，700公里寬。

[辨析] between常用于兩者之間。 among一般指在三者或三者以上之間。如果指三個(gè)以上的人或物中的每兩個(gè)之間，仍然要用between。 例如：Switzerland lies between France，Italy，Austria and Germany. 瑞士位于法國、意大利、奧地利和德國之間。

[精練]

①______the students，he is studying hardest of all.

A. Between B. Among C. During D. In

② Shanghai is______the largest cities in the world.

A. one among B. from among C. before D. among

Key：① B ② D

5. arrive/reach/get

Her mother saw her when she arrived home. 她一到家，母親就看見了她。

When she reached home she had a short rest and a glass of water. 她到家后，休息了一會(huì)兒，又喝了一杯水。

Did you get to school early? 你很早就到校了嗎?

[辨析] arrive是不及物動(dòng)詞，后面需接介詞at或in，再接表示地點(diǎn)的名詞。 arrive at常指“到達(dá)”較小的地方，如車站、郵局、學(xué)校、機(jī)場等；arrive in常指到達(dá)較大的地方，如城市、國家、地區(qū)等。

reach是及物動(dòng)詞，后面跟表示地點(diǎn)的名詞作賓語。

get是不及物動(dòng)詞，get to后面可以接表示地點(diǎn)的名詞作賓語。

注意：get或arrive后面接表示地點(diǎn)的副詞時(shí)，無需再在動(dòng)詞和副詞之間加介詞。

[精練]

The train will______Beijing in an hour.

A. reach at B. arrive inC. get D. arrives at

Key：B

6. because/for/because of

It’s best to plant trees in spring because it’s warmer. 春天種樹最好，因?yàn)樘鞖馀汀?/p>

The shop was quite new，for it had opened only the week before. 這家商店相當(dāng)新，因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)星期前它才開業(yè)。

The girl didn’t come to school yesterday because of the rain. 因?yàn)橄掠辏桥⒆蛱鞗]來上學(xué)。

[辨析]

because是從屬連詞，用來引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，表示直接而明確的原因。 because從句一般位于主句之后。需要強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，也可以將because從句放在主句的前面。

for是并列連詞，用來附帶解釋或說明前一分句的原因或理由，有時(shí)它表示的理由是推測性的，for只能位于兩個(gè)分句之間。

because of是復(fù)合介詞，后面只接名詞或名詞性詞組作賓語。

注意：回答用why開頭的疑問句時(shí)，只能用because從句或because of引起的介詞短語，不能用for。

[精練]

① He was absent______sickness.

A. because B. because of C. for D. as

②______my father is ill，I have to stay at home to take care of him.

A. Because B. Because of C. For D. As

Key：① B ② A

7. except/except for/besides

All are present except Xiao Wang. 除小王外，其他人都到了。

Except for George，we can all go. 除喬治外，我們都可以去。

Yesterday two other boys were on duty besides Xiao Li. 昨天除小李外，還有兩個(gè)男孩值日。

[辨析]

except意為“除去……之外，都……”，它往往和all，every，no，nobody，nothing等詞連用。

except for為復(fù)合介詞，表示對(duì)主要部分的肯定和對(duì)局部的否定，即除去細(xì)節(jié)部分，有時(shí)可以和except互換，表示“除……以外”，但位于句首時(shí)，不用except，而用except for。

besides意為“除……以外，另外還有……”。

[精練]

①______English，we study Chinese，politics，maths，physics and chemistry.

A. Beside B. Besides C. Except D. But

② The letter is good______the spelling.

A. except B. except for

C. except that D. except but

③ She has no choice______home.

A. but go B. except to go

C. except to go to D. besides to go

Key：① B ② B ③ B