任貴敏

Unit 20

1.In England, who can marry couples in church?

在英國(guó)，誰(shuí)可以在教堂里為新人主持婚禮？

知識(shí)點(diǎn)couple的用法

1.夫婦。例如：

The young couple decided to start their tour immediately.

那對(duì)年輕的夫婦決定立即開(kāi)始他們的旅行。

2.幾個(gè)；兩個(gè)。例如：

They walked a couple of miles. 他們步行了幾英里。

3.一對(duì)，一雙。例如：

He keeps a couple of dogs. 他養(yǎng)了兩只狗。

[辨析]pair, couple

(1)兩件組成一套，通常不分開(kāi)使用的物品叫pair,它們可以是不連在一起的兩件物品(如shoes),或者由兩個(gè)相同的部分組成的物品(如trousers)。例如：

a pair of socks/trousers/shoes/scissors/glasses一雙襪子/一條褲子/一雙鞋/一把剪刀/一副眼鏡

(2)couple是指任何兩件同樣的物品。例如：

I saw a couple of cats in the garden. 我在花園里看見(jiàn)兩只貓。

Could you lend me a couple of pounds? 你能借給我兩英鎊嗎？

Not every couple is a pair.[諺]天下夫婦多，珠聯(lián)壁合少。

2.I intend to… 我打算……

1.想要；打算。例如：

Lets ask her what she intends us to do.

讓我們問(wèn)她想要我們做什么。

What do you intend to do today? 你今天打算做什么？

She intended to catch the early train, but she didnt get up in time.

她打算趕早班火車(chē)，但是她沒(méi)有及時(shí)起床。

They intended taking the airplane on the other side of the river.

他們打算乘坐河對(duì)岸的飛機(jī)。

2. 常用句型為：intend to do/doing sth.想要做某事，intend sb. to do sth.想讓某人做某事，intend sb. for希望某人……。例如：

She intends to go (going) abroad next year. 她打算明年出國(guó)。

My father intended me to become a doctor.

我的父親想要我做個(gè)醫(yī)生。

She intends her daughter for a scientist. 她希望女兒當(dāng)個(gè)科學(xué)家。

[注意]intend作“建議；主張”講時(shí)，后接賓語(yǔ)從句，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”。例如：

I intend that she should go, not you.

我的意思是要她去，而不是你去。

3.How long has the tradition of crosstalk existed in China?

相聲這一傳統(tǒng)在中國(guó)已經(jīng)存在多少年了？

知識(shí)點(diǎn)exist的用法

1.vi.存在。例如：

That word doesnt exist in English. 英語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有那個(gè)單詞。

2.vi.生存；生活。例如：

She existed only on milk. 她只靠牛奶生存。

[拓展]

(1)existence n.[U]存在；生存；存在物，與其相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)為：an existence生活，bring/call into existence使產(chǎn)生；使成立，come into existence開(kāi)始存在；產(chǎn)生；成立，in existence存在的；現(xiàn)存的，put out of existence消滅；滅絕；殺死。例如：

Do you believe in the existence of God? 你相信上帝的存在嗎？

(2)exit n.[C]出口；通道；安全門(mén)；太平門(mén)。vi.(戲劇)退場(chǎng)，反義詞為enter,意為“登場(chǎng)”；make ones exit退出；離去。例如：

Thats the only exit from the theater. 那是該劇院的唯一出口。

4.I cycled in front of him, got off my bicycle and laid it down on the road in front of his car so that he couldnt drive off.

我騎到他面前，下了車(chē)，把車(chē)放倒在汽車(chē)前面，讓他無(wú)法開(kāi)走。

知識(shí)點(diǎn)lay down的用法

lay down意為“放下；犧牲；獻(xiàn)出；聲明”。例如：

Lay down your arms and come out with your hands up!

放下你的武器舉起手走出來(lái)！

[拓展]

[固定短語(yǔ)]lay/set/clap eyes on看見(jiàn)；見(jiàn)到(常用于否定句中),lay in貯存，lay off把……擱在一邊；休息；停止做……；脫掉；解雇，lay out展開(kāi)；鋪開(kāi)；擺開(kāi)；陳列；展示；安排，lay up大量貯存；積累，lay to停泊；使停泊。

5.Then I picked up my bicycle and rode on.

然后我扶起我的自行車(chē)?yán)^續(xù)向前騎。

知識(shí)點(diǎn)pick up的用法

1.拾起；撿起。例如：

The children picked up many seashells at the seashore.

孩子們?cè)诤＿厯斓皆S多海貝殼。

She picked up a stone and threw it at the window.

她撿起了一塊石頭朝窗戶(hù)扔去。

2.(無(wú)意中)學(xué)會(huì)；偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)。例如：

In that way Ill be able to pick up some theoretical knowledge, too.

這樣我也能學(xué)到一些理論知識(shí)。

He picked up the information in a most unlikely place.

他在一個(gè)非常令人意想不到的地方偶然得到了那個(gè)消息。

When she was in France, she picked up Spanish.

她在法國(guó)期間，偶然學(xué)會(huì)了西班牙語(yǔ)。

3.見(jiàn)到；聽(tīng)出；收聽(tīng)到。例如：

We picked up radio signals for help from the damaged plane.

我們收到了出故障的飛機(jī)發(fā)出的求救信號(hào)。

4.恢復(fù)。例如：

I believe things will pick up soon. 我相信事情很快就會(huì)好轉(zhuǎn)。

I picked up my computer programme. 我恢復(fù)了我的電腦程序。

5.收集。例如：

Please pick up all your toys when you have finished playing.

玩過(guò)后請(qǐng)你把所有的玩具收好。

I have picked up a lot of stamps. 我已經(jīng)收集了很多郵票。

6.加快(速度)。例如：

The train picked up speed. 火車(chē)提速了。

Lets see how fast you can pick up from a standingstart.

讓我們看看你站著起跑后能加速多少。

Unit 21

6.Somebody is late for a flight and wants to go ahead of the queue. 有人在一次航班中來(lái)晚了，想插到隊(duì)伍的前面去。

知識(shí)點(diǎn)ahead of的用法

(在空間或時(shí)間上比某人，某物)更前；更早。例如：

The production plan was fulfilled ahead of time.

生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃提前完成了。

He is ahead of his class in English. 他的英語(yǔ)居全班第一。

[固定短語(yǔ)]

(1)go ahead意為“行，可以”，用于對(duì)別人的請(qǐng)求的回答。go ahead也可以意為“進(jìn)行；發(fā)生”。例如：

——I wonder if I can use your bike for a while.

我想知道我是否可以用一會(huì)你的自行車(chē)。

——Sure. Go ahead. 行，可以。

——May I start now? 我現(xiàn)在可以開(kāi)始了嗎？

——Yes, go ahead. 可以，開(kāi)始吧。

The building of the new bridge will go ahead as planned.

新橋的修建將按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行。

Despite the bad weather the picnic will go ahead.

盡管天氣不好，野餐照常進(jìn)行。

(2)get ahead意為“前進(jìn)；成功”，后接of短語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示“比……好”。例如：

He got ahead in his business. 他事業(yè)有成。

(3)go ahead with意為“(毫無(wú)遲疑地)開(kāi)始……”。例如：

The government intends to go ahead with its privatization plans.

政府?dāng)M推行私有化計(jì)劃。

7.While there are many different interpretations of our body language, some gestures seem to be universal.

盡管關(guān)于我們肢體語(yǔ)的解釋五花八門(mén)，但一些手勢(shì)似乎是全球通用的。

知識(shí)點(diǎn)while的用法

conj.然而；盡管。例如：

While I like the colour of the hat, I do not like its shape.

我雖然喜歡這頂帽子的顏色，但卻不喜歡它的樣式。

While Toms very good at science, his brother is absolutely hopeless.

湯姆很擅長(zhǎng)理科，而他的兄弟絕對(duì)是不可救藥。

While I am willing to help, I dont have much time available.

盡管我愿意幫忙，但是我沒(méi)有多少時(shí)間。

[辨析] although, though, as

這三個(gè)詞都可以作連詞，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“雖然……但是”。在英語(yǔ)中用了although/though/as時(shí)，就不再用but，但可以用yet或still。例如：

Although small, the kitchen is well designed. 廚房雖小，但設(shè)計(jì)巧妙。

Although/Though he is in poor health, (yet) he works hard.

=In poor health as/though he is, he works hard.

=He is in poor health, but he works hard.

盡管他身體不好，但他工作努力。

[注意](1)當(dāng)as/though引導(dǎo)倒裝句時(shí)，且單數(shù)名詞作謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，省略冠詞。例如：

Child as/though he is, he knows a lot of new words.

=Although/Though he is a child, he knows a lot of new words.

盡管他還是個(gè)孩子，但卻知道許多新詞。

(2)though可作副詞，表示“然而”，放在句末或其他位置。例如：

He said he would come, he didnt, though. 他說(shuō)他要來(lái)，然而卻沒(méi)來(lái)。

8.Pressing ones palms together and resting ones head on the back of ones hand while closing the eyes as if sleeping means “I am tired”.

雙手合十，把頭放在手背上，同時(shí)閉上雙眼好像睡著的樣子表示“我累了”。

知識(shí)點(diǎn)rest的用法

1.作可數(shù)名詞，意為“休息；停止；停頓”。例如：

Lets have a rest. 讓我們休息一下吧。

Having a rest is necessary after class. 課后的休息是必要的。

2.作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“放在……上；倚靠著”。常用短語(yǔ)：rest…on/upon/against…把……放在……上；讓……靠著……。例如：

He was reading a book with his chin resting on his hand.

他用手托著下巴讀書(shū)。

She rested her head on his shoulder. 她把頭靠在他的肩上。

3.作不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“停止；停頓；靜止”。常用于rest from+n.結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：

He rested from work because he had caught cold.

他感冒了，所以停止工作。

The argument didnt rest here. 爭(zhēng)論并未就此結(jié)束。

4.通常用于否定句。例如：

I cant rest until I confirm his safety myself.

在親自確認(rèn)他安全之后，我才能夠放心。

9.Put numbers next to all the things in the order they occur.

在發(fā)生的事件前按照發(fā)生的順序標(biāo)上序號(hào)。

知識(shí)點(diǎn)occur的用法

vi.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)；想到。例如：

You ought to be prepared for any accident that will occur here.

你應(yīng)該對(duì)這里隨時(shí)可能發(fā)生的事有所準(zhǔn)備。

Such emotions usually occur among the married women.

這種情感常在已婚婦女中出現(xiàn)。

It suddenly occurred to me that we could use a computer to do the

job. 我突然想到我們可以用計(jì)算機(jī)做這項(xiàng)工作。

When exactly did the incident occur?

這一事件究竟是什么時(shí)候發(fā)生的？

The idea occurred to him in a dream. 這個(gè)主意是他在夢(mèng)中想到的。

It didnt occur to her to ask for help. 她沒(méi)想到請(qǐng)人幫忙。

10.She speaks to the man most of the time and focuses her attention on him. 大多數(shù)時(shí)間都是她對(duì)那個(gè)人說(shuō)，她把所有的注意力全放在他的身上。

知識(shí)點(diǎn)focus的用法

1.n.焦點(diǎn)。例如：

Bring the object into focus if you want a good photograph.

如果你想拍一張好照片，把物體對(duì)準(zhǔn)在焦點(diǎn)上。

2.vt.使聚焦；使集中。常與介詞on連用。例如：

The beams of light moved across the sky and focused on the plane.

光束在空中移動(dòng)，集中對(duì)準(zhǔn)飛機(jī)。

[固定短語(yǔ)] focus on把焦點(diǎn)對(duì)準(zhǔn)；集中注意(研究)……；focus/centre ones attention on集中某人的注意力于……。

Unit22

11.Go straight down this road, and then turn left.

沿著這條路一直向前走，然后向左拐。

知識(shí)點(diǎn)straight的用法

1.adj.直的；正直的；直立的；誠(chéng)實(shí)的。例如：

We often draw a straight line with a ruler. 我們常用直尺畫(huà)直線(xiàn)。

The picture is not straight. You must move the right side up.

這張畫(huà)不正，你必須把右邊往上移。

2.adv.直地；不彎地。例如：

This picture is not hanging straight. 這幅畫(huà)沒(méi)掛正。

The smoke rose straight up. 煙筆直地升起。

The car went straight up the road. 小汽車(chē)一直開(kāi)過(guò)這條路。

[辨析] straight, direct, directly

(1)straight強(qiáng)調(diào)外觀，表示整齊有序，可引申為“正直；樸實(shí)”。例如：

He is straight in everything. 他對(duì)任何事都很認(rèn)真。

(2)direct意為“直達(dá)的；坦率的；直接地”，強(qiáng)調(diào)路線(xiàn)不彎曲及其方向性。例如：

Our leader never gave a direct answer to any questions of the reporters. 我們的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)從不直接回答記者的任何問(wèn)題。

They flew direct from China to America. 他們直接從中國(guó)飛往美國(guó)。

(3)directly著重指對(duì)事物直接影響，不著重強(qiáng)調(diào)實(shí)際距離。例如：

She has never spoken directly about Tom. 她從不直接談?wù)摐贰?/p>

[注意]directly還可作連詞，引導(dǎo)從句，意為“一……就……”，相當(dāng)于as soon as。例如：

I came directly I got your message. 我一收到你消息就來(lái)了。

12.Excuse me. Does this road lead to…， please?

請(qǐng)問(wèn)，這是通往……的路嗎？

知識(shí)點(diǎn)lead to的用法

1.通向；引至。to為介詞，后接名詞或代詞(表地點(diǎn))。如果后面接地點(diǎn)副詞，則省略to。例如：

All roads lead to Rome. 條條大路通羅馬。

Do you know the road leading to the nearest post office?

你知道去最近的郵局的路嗎？

Hard work led to his success in the end.

努力工作使他最終走向成功。

Where does that road lead to? 那條路通往何方？

This road leads there. 這條路通向那里。

2.導(dǎo)致。無(wú)被動(dòng)形式。例如：

The cold air led to him coughing. 寒氣導(dǎo)致他咳嗽。

[固定短語(yǔ)]lead the way to意為“帶路；開(kāi)創(chuàng)”。例如：

That old man led the way to that building.

那位老人帶路到那棟樓前。

Einsteins theory led the way to a new scientific times.

愛(ài)因斯坦的理論開(kāi)創(chuàng)了一個(gè)新的科學(xué)時(shí)代。

[注意]含有介詞to的短語(yǔ)，后面需用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的有:look forward to, pay attention to, be/get used to, devote sth./oneself to, get down to, prefer doing sth. to doing sth., be due to, see to, feel equal to?！皠?dòng)詞+介詞to”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)還有：turn to(求助于), stick to(堅(jiān)持)， object to(反對(duì)),belong to(屬于), refer to(談到；涉及；參閱)， point to(指向), come to(共計(jì)；蘇醒), reply to(答復(fù)), agree to(同意), add to(增加), compare…to…(把……比作……)。

13.The parks are becoming more advanced and new technology allows us to experience almost anything without actually being in danger or risking injury. 公園更加先進(jìn)完善了，高新技術(shù)保障我們幾乎經(jīng)歷一切但完全沒(méi)有危險(xiǎn)和傷害。

知識(shí)點(diǎn)1辨析allow, permit, let

1.allow為一般性動(dòng)詞，詞義較弱，表示“默許；聽(tīng)任；不加阻止”的意思，可用于正式場(chǎng)合表示客氣的請(qǐng)求，比permit含有更消極的意思。例如：

Allow me to use your computer. 允許我用一下你的電腦。

As a child, I was never allowed to stay up late.

小時(shí)候，大人從不允許我熬夜。

Fishing is not allowed here. 這里不許釣魚(yú)。

2.permit用法比較正式，比allow含有更積極的意思，語(yǔ)氣比allow強(qiáng)，強(qiáng)調(diào)“正式認(rèn)可；批準(zhǔn)”的意思。例如：

Smoking is not permitted in the reading-room. 閱覽室內(nèi)禁止吸煙。

They permitted me to inform you. 他們?cè)试S我通知你。

3.let表示“讓”，詞義最弱，和allow, permit的意思相同，常用于口語(yǔ)中，一般不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，后面接不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如：

Please let me introduce my classmates.

=Please allow me to introduce my classmates.

請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我介紹一下我的同學(xué)們。

His father would not let him go. 他的父親不讓他走。

知識(shí)點(diǎn)2risk的用法

1.作名詞，意為“危險(xiǎn)；風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”。例如：

Is there any risk doing this kind of business? 做這種生意有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)嗎？

He jumped into the water at the risk of his life.

他冒著生命危險(xiǎn)跳入水中。

There is no risk of being fined if you obey the rule.

如果你遵守制度，就不會(huì)有被罰的危險(xiǎn)。

There is no risk of doing it. 做這件事根本不存在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

There was a constant risk that you would be arrested.

你會(huì)有被捕的危險(xiǎn)。

2.作動(dòng)詞，意為“冒險(xiǎn)”。

(1)risk+n.。例如：

Though he risked the punishment, he climbed over the fence.

盡管他明知會(huì)受懲罰，他還是翻過(guò)了圍墻。

(2)risk+動(dòng)名詞。例如：

He risked losing his life for the national property.

他為保護(hù)國(guó)家財(cái)產(chǎn)而冒犧牲生命的危險(xiǎn)。

Dont risk doing that. 不要冒險(xiǎn)做那件事。

He risks losing his job. 他冒失業(yè)的危險(xiǎn)。

[固定短語(yǔ)]

run/take risks/a risk 冒險(xiǎn)

run/take the risk of doing sth. 冒險(xiǎn)做某事

at the risk of/at risk to 冒著……的危險(xiǎn)

at your own risk 自擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；責(zé)任自負(fù)

at risk/in danger在危險(xiǎn)中

14.Much has changed since the early days of roller coasters;

… 早期的過(guò)山車(chē)已經(jīng)改變很多；……

知識(shí)點(diǎn)change的用法

1.作動(dòng)詞，意為“改變；改換；變化”。例如：

Shall I change the maps on the wall? 我能把墻上的地圖換換嗎？

To his surprise, his hometown has greatly been changed.

使他驚訝的是，他的家鄉(xiāng)大大改變了。

The weather changes very often in England. 英國(guó)天氣常常變化。

Can hard work change a person that much?

艱苦的工作會(huì)使人改變那么大嗎？

We can change water into ice. 我們可以把水變成冰。

2.作名詞，意為“變化；變更；更換；零錢(qián)；找零”。例如：

Many old people do not fit in with a sudden change in the weather.

許多老人不適應(yīng)天氣的突然變化。

Great changes have taken place in our country.

我國(guó)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。

Do you have any small change on you? 你身上有零錢(qián)嗎？

[辨析] turn, change

turn和change作動(dòng)詞，都意為“變；變成”。在有介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，兩者可以通用。但change作不及物動(dòng)詞，后面不能帶表語(yǔ)；turn可以作連系動(dòng)詞，后面可以帶表語(yǔ)。例如：

In winter, water changes/turns into ice. 冬天，水變成了冰。

The colour turned red. 顏色變紅了。(此句不能用change替換)

15.In the park, visitors can view small copies of famous buildings and landscapes.

在公園里，游客們可以看到世界著名建筑和景觀的微縮版。

知識(shí)點(diǎn)view的用法

1.n.風(fēng)景；見(jiàn)解；視野；觀點(diǎn)；意見(jiàn)。例如：

The Great Wall came into our view. 長(zhǎng)城出現(xiàn)在我們眼前。

The view from our house is very beautiful.

從我們的房子向外看，風(fēng)景很美。

What a wonderful view from your window!

從你家的窗戶(hù)向外看，景色美麗極了！

We had a good view of the town from the top of the hill.

從山頂上我們清楚地看到了城鎮(zhèn)的景色。

His views on the problem were well known.

他對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的看法眾所周知。

We take the view that it would be wrong to interfere.

我們所持的態(tài)度是：干涉是錯(cuò)誤的。

2.vt.認(rèn)為；觀察；看待；考慮。例如：

View the problem from all angles. 全面地考慮問(wèn)題。

The subject may be viewed in various ways. 這題目可從各方面考慮。

Several possible buyers have come to view the house.

幾個(gè)可能買(mǎi)房子的人已來(lái)看過(guò)房子了。

How do you view your position within the company?

你如何看待自己在公司中的位置？