蔡曉東
在陳述句之后附上一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單問(wèn)句,對(duì)陳述句所敘述的事實(shí)提出相反的疑問(wèn),這種疑問(wèn)句叫做附加疑問(wèn)句。一般情況下,如果前一部分為肯定式,后一部分用否定式。反之,如果前一部分為否定式,后一部分就用肯定式。說(shuō)話時(shí),附加疑問(wèn)句的前一部分用降調(diào),后一部分在表示疑問(wèn)時(shí)用升調(diào),在表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)用降調(diào)。例如:
Your father is a police officer, isnt ?襖 he?
你的父親是一位警官,是不是?
His sister hardly ever eats junk food, does ?圩 she?
他的姐姐很少吃垃圾食品,是嗎?
對(duì)附加疑問(wèn)句的回答,不管問(wèn)題的提法如何,若事實(shí)是肯定的,就要用yes,事實(shí)是否定的,就要用no。這和漢語(yǔ)不一樣,應(yīng)特別注意。例如:
——Charlie doesnt play soccer twice a week, does he?
查理不是每周踢兩次足球,是不是?
——Yes, he does. 不,他踢了。(No, he doesnt.對(duì),他沒(méi)踢。)
使用附加疑問(wèn)句時(shí),要注意以下兩點(diǎn):
①附加疑問(wèn)句的后一部分結(jié)構(gòu)必須是“助動(dòng)詞+人稱代詞”(there be除外)。例如:
Miss Green can play the violin, cant she?
格林小姐會(huì)拉小提琴,是不是?
They didnt go to the documentary last night, did they?
他們昨晚沒(méi)去看記錄片,是嗎?
A lot of tourists have taken photos in Yellow Crane Tower, havent they? 很多游客在黃鶴樓拍過(guò)照,是不是?
There wont be paper money in 100 years, will there?
100年后,紙幣將不存在了,是嗎?
②如果陳述部分包含no, little, few, never, hardly等詞時(shí),這部分就看作否定。例如:
You have no classes tomorrow, do you? 你明天沒(méi)有課,是嗎?
Few people like to stay at home on weekends, do they?
沒(méi)幾個(gè)人愿意在周末待在家里,是嗎?
拓展 祈使句后可以加一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句,使語(yǔ)氣變得客氣一些。例如:
Have a little more coffee, will you? 再喝一點(diǎn)咖啡好不好?
Lets meet at the station, shall we? 我們?cè)诨疖囌九鲱^,行不行?
應(yīng)用 續(xù)寫下列句子的附加疑問(wèn)句。
①M(fèi)aria usually has eggs, rice and broccoli for lunch, ____?
②We took a piano lesson last Monday, ____?
③Her grandpa has never been to Eiffel Tower, ____.
④Jack and his brother found nothing in the corner, ____?
⑤Your sister put her wallet on the desk, ____?
⑥There will be less pollution in the future, ____?
⑦Be careful to look both ways, ____?
⑧Many people will not give big gifts to someone else in Canada, ____?
⑨I dont think she can play the trumpet, ____?
⑩Mrs Mendoza must be at home now, ____?
解答
①doesnt shehas是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,意思是“吃”。
②didnt wetook是動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式。
③has henever是否定詞。
④did theynothing是否定詞。
⑤didnt sheput是動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式。
⑥will thereless是否定詞,助動(dòng)詞是will。
⑦will/wont you 祈使句后的附加問(wèn)句一般是will you或wont you。
⑧will theypeople是復(fù)數(shù)。
⑨can she “I think+賓語(yǔ)從句”的附加疑問(wèn)句往往要針對(duì)從句部分來(lái)續(xù)。
⑩isnt shemust表示推測(cè)時(shí),附加疑問(wèn)句中的助動(dòng)詞必須與must后的動(dòng)詞一致。