造句一直是同學(xué)們深感頭痛的問題。“沒有規(guī)矩,不成方圓?!爆F(xiàn)在就隨我們一起走近簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型,學(xué)一學(xué)造句的規(guī)矩吧!
一、主語+不及物動(dòng)詞(S+V)此句型中,動(dòng)詞是不及物的,不需加賓語就可以表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的、明確無誤的意思。有時(shí)可帶狀語修飾其動(dòng)詞,表達(dá)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的頻率、原因、結(jié)果、日的、場(chǎng)所、時(shí)間等。但狀語不算句子的主要成分。
1.主語+謂語(不及物動(dòng)詞)。例如:
The students are listening.學(xué)生們正在聽。
2.主語+謂語(不及物動(dòng)詞)+狀語。例如:
He looked carefullv.他仔細(xì)地看。
[典型考題]I like my new bike.It_______very well.
A.rides B.is riding C.is ridden D.has ridden(江西省)
解法點(diǎn)津:ricle 可用作及物動(dòng)詞,表示“騎(自行車、馬等)”,但它也可用作不及物動(dòng)詞,??捎弥鲃?dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意義,write,sell,end等詞用法與此相同。正確答案為A,后一句句意為“它(自行車)很好騎”。
二、主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(S+V+DO)此句型中的謂語動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞,其后常跟名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式或動(dòng)詞不定式等。例如:
Do you like apples?你喜歡蘋果嗎?
I finished reading the text.我讀完了課文。
He decided to buy a computer.他決定買一臺(tái)電腦。
注意:當(dāng)不及物動(dòng)詞與介詞連用時(shí),其后也可跟賓語。例如:
Ann is waiting tbr Kate at school gate.安正在校門口等凱特。
[典型考題1] They will_______Guangzhou tonight.
A.a(chǎn)rrive B.get C.reach D.go(哈爾濱市)
解法點(diǎn)津:空格后為名詞,在句中作賓語,故所填動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用及物動(dòng)詞,表示“到達(dá)”時(shí),四個(gè)備選詞中只有reach為及物動(dòng)詞,所以C為正確答案。
[典型考題2]-It’s too hot.Would you mind_______the door?
一 _______I’ll open it now.
A.to open;OK
B.opening;Certainly not
C.opening;Of course
D.to open;Good idea(重慶市)
解法點(diǎn)津:mind,keep,finish,practise,enjoy,feel like,give up等動(dòng)詞后應(yīng)跟動(dòng)詞的ing形式作賓語,因而B和C可能正確;但根據(jù)后面句子的暗示可知后一空格應(yīng)用否定形式,所以B為正確答案。
[典型考題3]The artist said that he hoped_______drawing the picture soon.
A.his son to finish B.to finish C.finishing D.his son will finish (內(nèi)蒙古)
解法點(diǎn)津:在hope,want,would like,decide,refuse,choose等后應(yīng)跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語。因?yàn)閔ope后不可跟由動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的復(fù)合賓語,所以B為正確答案。
三、主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語(S+V+P)此句型中的為謂語動(dòng)詞為連系動(dòng)詞,作表語成分的有形容詞、名詞、代詞等。初中階段常見的系動(dòng)詞有be,feel,taste,smell,seem,look,get,become,turn等。例如:
She is a music teacher.她是一位音樂教師。
Tile fish smells terrible.It must be had.這條魚很難聞,一定是變質(zhì)了。
[典型考題1]Coffee is ready.tfow nice it_______!Would you like some?
A.looks B.smells C.sounds D.feels(上海市)
解法點(diǎn)津:由前一旬的說明可知這里應(yīng)是說明咖啡的味道.故應(yīng)選B。
[典型考題2] It_______that they had no change with them at the moment.
A.seemed B.was seemed C.seem D.is seemed(重慶市)
解法點(diǎn)津:It seems that…句式后跟一從句,表示“看來……”.其中seem是一個(gè)連系動(dòng)詞,它沒有被動(dòng)形式,排除B和D;另外,it作主語,謂語不可能是動(dòng)詞原形seem,故A為正確答案。
四、主語+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語(S+V+IO+DO)此句型中的及物動(dòng)詞后跟雙賓語,指人的賓語叫間接賓語,指物的賓語叫直接賓語,通常情況下間接賓語在前,直接賓語在后。有時(shí)也可把間接賓語置于直接賓語后,此時(shí)間接賓語前需加介詞for或to。
1.間接賓語后置與for連用的動(dòng)詞有buy,make,cook,get,choose,sing,find等。例如:
Uncle Li bought me a bithday present.
=Unele Li bought a birthday present for me.李叔叔給我買了一件生日禮物。
2.間接賓語后置與to連用的動(dòng)詞有g(shù)ive,lend,teach,take,retum,send,pass等。例如:
Please pass him a cup of tea.=Please pass a cup of tea to him.請(qǐng)遞給他一杯茶。
3.間接賓語后置既可與for也可與to連用的動(dòng)詞有do,leave,write,bring等。例如:
He brought me a dictionary.=He brought a dictionary for/to me.他給我?guī)砹艘槐驹~典。
注意:若直接賓語是代詞時(shí),通常情況下將其置于間接賓語之前。例如:
誤:Please give me them.正:Please give them to me.
[典型考題1]_______you good luck in tht new year!
—The same to you.
A.Hope B.Want C.Wish D.Like(安徽省)
解法點(diǎn)津:在動(dòng)詞wish后常跟雙賓語,表示祝愿。故選C。
[典型考題2]He is kind and always_______his help t0 others.
A.receives B.brings C.takes D.offers(廣西壯族自治區(qū))
解法點(diǎn)津:前面說“他很善良”,由此可以推斷他總是向別人“提供”幫助。offer,bring,take,give,pass等后常可用雙賓語,但間接賓語常放在直接賓語的后面,在其前用介詞to或for,在offer后應(yīng)用to。D為正確答案。
五、主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語(S+V+DO+OC)此句型中的賓語后需跟上賓語補(bǔ)足語意思才完整,賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語組合成復(fù)合賓語。常見的用作賓語補(bǔ)足語的有名詞、形容詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)詞的ing形式、動(dòng)詞的ed形式、介詞短語等。
1.后跟名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有call,name,make,choose,think等。例如:
We call him Tom for short.我們簡(jiǎn)稱他為湯姆。
2.后跟形容詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有keep,make,find,get,think等。例如:
It’s very hot here.We’d better keep the windows open.這兒很熱。我們最好讓窗子開著。
3.動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語有以下三種情況:
A.后跟帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞常有ask.tell.teach.wish.trouble等。例如:
He told us to keep quiet in the hospital.他告訴我們?cè)卺t(yī)院里要保持安靜。
B.后跟不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞可歸納為“一感(feel)”、“二聽(hear)”、“三讓(1et,make,have)”、“四看(look at,see,watch,notice)”。例如:
Let me try again.讓我再試試。
I often hear her sing in the next room.我經(jīng)常聽到她在隔壁唱歌。
C.help后跟不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),不定式既可帶to,也可不帶to。例如:
My father often helps me(to)study English.我父親經(jīng)常幫我學(xué)習(xí)英語。
4.后跟動(dòng)詞的ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有feel,hear,see,watch,keep,find等。例如:
We found a man lying on the ground.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)男人躺在地上。
5.后跟介詞短語作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有keep,find,take等。例如:
I’ll keep the words in my mind.我將記住這些話。
[典型考題1] My mother often asks me_______early.
A.get up B.got up C.getting up D.to get up(北京市)
解法點(diǎn)津:在動(dòng)詞ask,advise,want,would like,tell,order等動(dòng)詞后應(yīng)跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。D為正確答案。
[典型考題2] The young lady watched her daughter_______a yo-yo yesterdayafternoon.
A.to play with B.playing with C.to play D.plays(重慶市)
解法點(diǎn)津:在動(dòng)詞watch,see,feel,hear后常跟動(dòng)詞的ing形式。表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。B為正確答案。
[典型考題3]Let him_______a rest.I think he must be tired after the longwalk.
A.have B.gets C.to take D.has (山東省)
解法點(diǎn)津:在動(dòng)詞watch,see,feel,hear及have,make,let等后常跟不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語(但在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中不定式符號(hào)to應(yīng)加上)。A為正確答案。
[典型考題4]The Internet_______it easy to get a lot of new information in ashort time.
A.finds B.makes C.feels D.takes(安徽省)
解法點(diǎn)津:句中it為形式賓語,真正的賓語為后面的動(dòng)詞不定式to get a lotof new information in a short time.形容詞easy為賓語補(bǔ)足語。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)用makes.即選B。
[鞏固練習(xí)]
下列各句均有一處錯(cuò)誤,請(qǐng)指出并改正。
1.Dad bought a new bike to me Last Sunday.( )
2.We enjoy to play footballin the afternoon.( )
3.The boss made him to work all day.( )
4.Who is waiting me?( )
5.That is my pen.Please pass me it.( )
Keys:
1.to改為for 2.to play改為playing 3.to work改為work 4.waiting改為waiting for 5.pass me it改為pass it to me
責(zé)任編輯/張彩萍