摘要：定語從句在職業(yè)中專英語課堂教學(xué)中至關(guān)重要，也是難點(diǎn)。本文將按照自己的課堂教學(xué)實(shí)際進(jìn)行分類分析。

關(guān)鍵詞：定語從句；關(guān)系代詞；省略；先行詞；謂語動(dòng)詞；關(guān)系副詞

定語從句是職業(yè)中專英語的重點(diǎn)，在教材中就語法練習(xí)而言它占有絕對的比重。但是，由于定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法比較復(fù)雜，不僅初學(xué)者，即使是學(xué)了三五年英語的學(xué)生在使用時(shí)也容易犯一些錯(cuò)誤。最常見的錯(cuò)誤有以下七種：

一、 在定語從句中加了多余的賓語

1. 誤：some of the boys I invited them didn’t come.

正：some of the boys I invited didn’t come.

譯：我邀請的男孩中有幾個(gè)沒有來。

析：應(yīng)刪去them， 因?yàn)閺恼Z的賓語是省略了的whom，who或that。

2. 誤：The book that you need it is in the library.

正：The book that you need is in the library.

譯：你需要的書在圖書館里。

析：英刪去it，因?yàn)閺恼Z的賓語是關(guān)系代詞that。

二、 把定語從句謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)弄錯(cuò)

1. 誤：Anyone who break the law will be punished.

正：Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.

譯：任何違犯法律的人將被處罰。

析：應(yīng)改break為breaks，因?yàn)閣ho指anyone，是單數(shù)。

2. 誤：Those who has finished my go home.

正：Those who have finished may go home.

譯：做完了的人現(xiàn)在可以回家。

析：應(yīng)改has為have，因?yàn)閣ho指those，是復(fù)數(shù)。

3. 誤：This is one the rooms that is free now.

正：This is one of the rooms that are free now.

譯：這是目前空著的房間之一。

析：應(yīng)改第二個(gè)is為are，因?yàn)閛ne前沒有the only之類的限定詞，定語從句在意義上修飾的是名詞復(fù)數(shù)the rooms，而不是單數(shù)one。

三、 誤省略了定語從句中作主語的關(guān)系代詞

1. 誤：Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth.

正：Children who/that eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth.

譯：吃糖多的孩子往往牙齒不好。

析：應(yīng)加上關(guān)系代詞who或that，因?yàn)閺木渖僦髡Z，且主語不能省略。

2. 誤：The key opens the bike is missing.

正：The key that /which opens the bike is missing.

譯：開這輛自行車的鑰匙不見了。

析：應(yīng)加上關(guān)系代詞that或which，因?yàn)閺木渖僦髡Z，且主語不能省略。

四、 定語從句中加了多余的副詞或介詞

1. 誤：The house where he lives in needs repairing.

正：The house where he lives needs repairing.

或：The house he lives in needs repairing.

譯：他住的房子需要修理。

析：應(yīng)保留where，刪去從句中的in，因?yàn)殛P(guān)系副詞where在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，in屬多余。或刪去關(guān)系副詞where，因?yàn)閣here在這里的意思是in which，否則介詞in就重復(fù)了。

2. 誤：I still remember the day on when I first came to Beijing.

正：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.

或：I still remember the day on which I first came to Beijing.

譯：我仍記得我第一次來到北京那天的情景。

析：應(yīng)刪去on，因?yàn)閣hen在這里的意思是on which，否則介詞on就重復(fù)了，或把when改為which。

五、 在作先行詞的時(shí)間名詞或地點(diǎn)名詞后錯(cuò)用了關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞

1. 誤：I still remember the day when we spent together.

正：I still remember the day than/which we spent together.

譯：我仍記得我們在一起度過的日子。

析：應(yīng)改when為that或which，因?yàn)閺木渲兄^語動(dòng)詞spent是及物動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)跟賓語而不時(shí)時(shí)間狀語。

2. 誤：This is the house where we lived in last year.

正：This is the house which/that we lived in last year.

譯：這是我們?nèi)ツ曜∵^的那個(gè)房子。

析：應(yīng)改where為which或that，因?yàn)閺木渲^語動(dòng)詞lived后有介詞in，其后少介詞賓語，而不是地點(diǎn)狀語。

六、 在先行詞reason后錯(cuò)用關(guān)系副詞why

1. 誤：Have you asked her for the reason why may explain her absence?

正：Have you asked her for the reason that/which may explain her absence?

譯：你是否問過她可以解釋她缺席的原因？

析：應(yīng)改why為that或which，因?yàn)槎ㄕZ從句缺少主語，而不是少原因狀語。

2. 誤：I don’t believe the reason why he has given for his being late.

正：I don’t believe the reason that/which he has given for his being late.

析：應(yīng)改why為that或which，因?yàn)閺木渲^語動(dòng)詞has given后缺少賓語，而不是少原因狀語。

七、 誤將強(qiáng)調(diào)句型當(dāng)定語從句

強(qiáng)調(diào)句型為：It is+ 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其他如：

1. 誤：It was in the kitchen where the fire broke out.

正：It was in the kitchen that the fire broke out.

譯：大火發(fā)生在廚房。

析：應(yīng)將where改that，因?yàn)樵溥€原為The fire broke out in the kitchen后，在語法和句意上均成立，故此題是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，而非定語從句。

2. 誤：Was it because it snowed last night when you didn’t come？

正：Was it because it snowed last night that you didn’t come？

譯：你是否因昨晚下雪而沒有來？

析：應(yīng)將when改為that，因?yàn)?，原句還原為Because it snowed last night，you didn’t come后，在語法和句意上均成立，故此題是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型而非定語從句。

如果學(xué)生了解了以上七種易犯的錯(cuò)誤，在遇到定語從句時(shí)，就能更好地理解它運(yùn)用它。