besides和except都可表示“除……以外”講,但含義不同。
1.besides表示“除……以外,還有”,指“在整體中加入一部分”,含義是肯定的。如:There aremany rivers in China besides the Changjiang andHuanghe.中國除了長江、黃河之外,還有許多河流。
He has other people to take care of besides me.
2.besides還可以用作副詞,意為“除此以外,此外,而且”。如:
Besides,I enjoy learning about new things from politics to sports and music.另外.我還喜歡了解從政治到體育和音樂的動態(tài)。
I don’t want to go;(and)besides,I’m tired.我不想去,而且我也累了。
This car belongs t0 Smith.a(chǎn)nd he has two others besides.這輛車是史密斯的。他還有另外兩部。
3.except表示“從整體中除去一部分”,含義是否定的。
試比較:①We a11 went besides him.除他之外,我們大家也都去了。
②We all went except him.除他之外,我們都去了。(他沒有去)
注意:用于含有否定意義的句子時(shí),二者的意思是一樣的。即besides在意義上相當(dāng)于except.如:
He did nothing besides (except) this.除這件事之外,他什么事也沒做。
4.except for:①可用在句首;②表示除去整體中的一部分,它所敘述的事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)部分修正句子的主要意思。其后一般接名詞,且except前后名詞不屬同一類。
①He is a good man except for hot temper.他是個(gè)好人,只是脾氣暴躁而已。
ftemper和man不是同一概念范疇的詞,temper只是man的一個(gè)側(cè)面,因此用except for,而不用except)
②Except for one old lady,the bus was empty,除了一位老大娘外,公共汽車?yán)锸强盏摹?/p>
5.except that后跟從句,用來表示理由或細(xì)節(jié),修正前面所說的情況,其后須接從句,可與except for互換。如:①Your article is quite good except that there are several spelling mistakes,=Your article is quite good except for several spelling mistakes.
②I knew nothing about him except for the fact that he lived next door.
6.but與except都可作“除……之外,不包括……在內(nèi)”,常可互換。
如:We are here but/except Mary.
但but著重指整體,常用于no,a11,nobody,anywhere,everything,who,when,where,what等詞之后。如:
①everywhere but in Scotland決不在蘇格蘭
②There is no one here but me.
③Who but George would do such a thing?
而except不受此限制,且著重在除去的部分。如:
The window is never opened except in summer.(此處except不可用but)
7.but與except引導(dǎo)的句子:如其前有實(shí)義動詞do的適當(dāng)形式(to do或do或did)出現(xiàn),賓語是-thing時(shí),不定式符號to省略。如:
④The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking.
②The child did nothing except crt.
責(zé)任編輯/張彩萍mirenr@sina.com