一、主語(yǔ)＋不及物動(dòng)詞(S＋V)

[例句]1. The man cooks. 男人做飯。

2. The sun is shining brightly. 太陽(yáng)在明亮地照耀著。

3. We all breathe， eat， and drink. 我們呼吸、吃和喝。

4. They talked for half an hour. 他們談了半個(gè)小時(shí)。

5. They were singing when we arrived. 我們到的時(shí)候他們正在唱歌。

[分析]這些句子有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思，不需加賓語(yǔ)。這類動(dòng)詞叫做不及物動(dòng)詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)從句等。

二、主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)(S＋V＋DO)

[例句]1. Who knows the answer?誰(shuí)知道答案?

2. He enjoys reading. 他喜歡看書。

3. They ate what was left over. 他們吃了剩飯。

4. He said “Good morning.” 他說(shuō)：“早上好！”

5. I want to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。

[分析]這些句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都具有實(shí)義，都是主語(yǔ)產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)作，但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，即動(dòng)作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動(dòng)詞叫做及物動(dòng)詞。

三、主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞＋表語(yǔ)(S＋V＋P)

[例句]1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 這是本英漢辭典。

2. The cake smells good. 蛋糕味道很好。

3. Everything looks different. 一切看來(lái)都不同了。

4. He is growing tall and strong. 他長(zhǎng)得又高又壯。

5. The trouble is that they are short of money. 麻煩的是他們?nèi)鄙馘X。

6. Our well has gone dry. 我們的井干枯了。

7. His face turned red. 他的臉紅了。

[分析]這些句子有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)表明主語(yǔ)身份或狀態(tài)的表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動(dòng)詞叫做連系動(dòng)詞。系動(dòng)詞分兩類：be， look， keep， seem等屬一類，表示情況；get， grow， become， turn等屬另一類，表示變化。be 本身沒有什么意義，只起連系主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的作用。其它系動(dòng)詞仍保持其部分詞義。

四、主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋直接賓語(yǔ)(S＋V＋I(xiàn)O＋DO)

[例句]1. He brought you a dictionary. 他給你帶來(lái)了一本字典。

2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她給丈夫做了一頓美餐。

3. I showed him my pictures.我給他看我的照片。

4. I gave my car a wash.我洗了我的汽車。

5. I told him that the bus was late. 我告訴他汽車晚點(diǎn)了。

6. He showed me how to run the machine.他教我開機(jī)器。

[分析]這些句子有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須跟有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)完整的意思，故這類動(dòng)詞被稱作雙賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的直接承受者，另一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的間接承受者。一般來(lái)說(shuō)指人的賓語(yǔ)叫間接賓語(yǔ)，指物的賓語(yǔ)叫直接賓語(yǔ)。通常情況下間接賓語(yǔ)在前，直接賓語(yǔ)在后；有時(shí)也可把間接賓語(yǔ)置于直接賓語(yǔ)后，此時(shí)間接賓語(yǔ)前需加介詞for或to。間接賓語(yǔ)后置與for連用的動(dòng)詞有buy， make， cook， get， choose， sing， find等。例如：

Uncle Li bought me a birthday present.

= Uncle Li bought a birthday present for me. 李叔叔給我買了一件生日禮物。

間接賓語(yǔ)后置與to連用的動(dòng)詞有g(shù)ive， lend， teach， take， return， send， pass等。例如：

Please pass him a cup of tea.= Please pass a cup of tea to him.請(qǐng)遞給他一杯茶。

注意：若直接賓語(yǔ)是人稱代詞，通常情況下將其置于間接賓語(yǔ)之前。例如：

誤：Please give me them. 正：Please give them to me.

五、主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(S＋V＋DO＋OC)

[例句]1. They called him James .他們叫他詹姆斯。

2.We will keep the table clean .我們將保持桌面干凈。

3. They painted the door green. 他們把門漆成綠色。

4. What makes him think so？他怎么會(huì)這樣想?

5. We saw him out. 我們送他出去。

6. He asked me to come back soon. 他要我早點(diǎn)回來(lái)。

7. I saw them getting on the bus. 我看見他們上了那輛公共汽車。

[分析]這些句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來(lái)補(bǔ)足賓語(yǔ)，才能使意思完整。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的作用是說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。賓語(yǔ)和它的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可以由名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、形容詞、副詞和介詞短語(yǔ)等充當(dāng)。注意：在使役動(dòng)詞make， let， have等引起的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中，若賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式，則要省去不定式符號(hào)to。例如：

He made us laugh. 他使我們發(fā)笑。

I won’t let you go. 我不會(huì)讓你走。

I have them come tomorrow morning. 我讓他們明天早上來(lái)。

[鞏固練習(xí)]

一、判斷下列簡(jiǎn)單句的類型

1. The woman is singing now. ()

2. He gave her some apples. ()

3. All her other friends were now outside the door. ()

4. People eat fish and chips on the road. ()

5. I ask them to come tomorrow. ()

二、根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示，完成下列句子，每空一詞

1. 明天我將給我女兒買塊手表。

I will buy _______ tomorrow.

2. 看，他們?cè)诔韬吞琛?/p>

Look， they _______.

3. 這塊蛋糕看上去很大。

The cake _______ very _______.

4. 安邀請(qǐng)她的朋友參加她的生日聚會(huì)。

Ann asked her friends _______ to her birthday party.

5. 我不會(huì)讓你走。

I won’t _______ you _______.

三、按下列要求改寫句子，每空一詞

1. He gave me some rice. (改為同義句)

He gave _______.

2. “Sit down.” The teacher told me. (合并為一句)

The teacher told me .

3. The fish tastes nice. (就劃線部分提問)

_______ the fish taste?

4. He would like you to help him. (改為一般疑問句)

he _______ you to help him?

5. He cooked me delicious food this morning. (改為同義句)

He cooked delicious food _______ me this morning.