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        李紅:古箏奏出中德曼妙清音

        2007-01-01 00:00:00王安祥
        文化交流 2007年2期

        交融磨合十三年

        2006年9月29日晚,德國漢堡的一家劇院內(nèi)座無虛席,著名古箏演奏家李紅的獨奏音樂會正在這里舉行。這是漢堡市政府為慶祝漢堡與中國上海結(jié)為友好城市20周年舉行的“中國周活動”中的的一項重要內(nèi)容,來自上海、浙江等地的經(jīng)濟、文化、科技、教育界人士組成的中國政府代表團與漢堡市各界人士,共同觀賞了這場充滿中德友誼的音樂會。

        音樂會上身穿中式旗袍的李紅,演奏了數(shù)十首中國與德國的名曲。中國樂曲的明快、秀麗與德國音樂的奔放、熱烈,成為這場音樂會的一大亮點,這是一次典型的中西方音樂的交融、碰撞與對話。李紅細膩、嚴謹?shù)奶幚?,精湛、嫻熟的演奏技巧,莊重、含蓄的東方女性氣質(zhì)傾倒了全場觀眾,來自上海、浙江的賓客紛紛擁上舞臺向李紅表示祝賀。他們說,這是第一次在異國看到古老的民族樂器古箏能如此深獲德國觀眾的心,中國民族樂器大有作為?。∷麄?yōu)槔罴t在德國的成功叫好,為李紅在德國執(zhí)著傳播中國文化叫好。李紅握著同胞的手,內(nèi)心也無法平靜!是啊,她在德國已經(jīng)安家落戶13年了,這13年是她融入德國文化的13年,是矢志不渝地傳播中國文化的13年,她清楚地記得13年前第一次為德國觀眾演奏的前前后后:

        那次經(jīng)她的德國丈夫米歇埃爾介紹,認識了一位德國的著名畫家。這位畫家正要在他的家鄉(xiāng)舉辦畫展。畫家邀請李紅參加他的開幕式,并現(xiàn)場為賓客演奏一曲。這是李紅來德國后的第一次亮相。席間,李紅演奏了中國名曲《漁舟唱晚》《月兒高》,樂曲所傳達的那種典雅、高貴,迷倒了現(xiàn)場所有嘉賓。他們不知道中國竟有如此奇妙的樂器,有如此仙景般的音樂。他們以前對中國音樂的了解只局限于中國的京劇,然而中國京劇的高亢與歐洲音樂有很大的差距,而李紅的一曲古箏演奏,一下子打開了德國觀眾對中國音樂的視野,他們驚喜地說,中國還有這么美麗的音樂,還有如此豐富多變的古箏演奏技巧,太不可思議了!

        從此,李紅的名字漸漸為德國觀眾所熟悉,有多家德國著名的交響樂團和李紅合作舉辦古箏與交響樂音樂會,1997年9月李紅被莫扎特交響樂團團長、著名指揮家羅伯特邀請,首次進入漢堡音樂廳,和交響樂團合作舉辦古箏與交響樂音樂會。這對所有中國音樂家而言,都帶有里程碑式的意義。因為從那天起,中國古老的古箏真正進入了歐洲的音樂殿堂,她演奏的中國古箏曲,經(jīng)過德國著名作曲家的交響樂配器,顯得更加豐滿大氣,而李紅演奏的德國樂曲,都由德國作曲家為李紅度身創(chuàng)作,這本身就是兩國藝術(shù)家通力合作的一項文化工程,加上演奏間隙李紅操一口流利的德語對作品進行現(xiàn)場解釋,更與德國觀眾拉近了距離,德國觀眾打心眼里喜歡這位中國女演奏家。從此,阿爾斯特河畔時時響起悠遠、曼妙的中國古箏聲。此后李紅多次被漢堡市政府邀請,舉辦過各種形式的音樂會,漢堡市市長、議會會長成了音樂會的常客,幾乎每場必到;中國駐德國的馬燦榮特使,駐漢堡的潘海豐領(lǐng)事也成了李紅音樂會的忠實觀眾,一批來自德國各大學(xué)的學(xué)生成了李紅的古箏迷。

        李紅每年的演出在50場左右,13年下來共演了600場,這個數(shù)字滲透了李紅對中國民族音樂的執(zhí)著之心,也是李紅傳播中國文化的一大見證?!稘h堡晚報》在一篇評論李紅的文章中這樣寫道:“這注定是一個奇妙的夜晚,奇妙的古箏,奇妙的演奏,它把我們帶進了一個奇妙而又陌生的音樂世界。這樣的樂器,這樣的演奏,不可思議,這是一種文化與智慧的象征。我們只能說,中國音樂歷史悠久,李紅的演奏充滿詩情畫意,意趣無窮?!?/p>

        做中德文化的使者

        13年前還是青春少婦的李紅,自踏上德國土地的那刻起就自覺地轉(zhuǎn)換了角色。她遠離中國的父母,遠離了生她養(yǎng)她的那塊熱土地,自嫁給德國的青年米歇埃爾在漢堡建立了家庭之后,她就必須學(xué)會扎根于異國的生存能力。米歇埃爾是游艇鑒定方面年輕有為的專家,他深愛著自己的中國妻子,但由于經(jīng)常出差在外,日常家務(wù)只能由李紅做,李紅成了侍奉丈夫的全職太太。但她和所有德國的家庭主婦一樣,不依賴男人,完全靠自己的勤奮闖出屬于自己的一片天地。

        為了盡快融入德國社會,為了她心愛的古箏事業(yè),憑著努力,她首先投考了設(shè)在漢堡的哥特語言學(xué)校,一直從初級、中級讀到高級班畢業(yè),順利地攻克了語言關(guān),然后她又考進了德國漢堡大學(xué)音樂系,八年苦讀拿到了碩士文憑。雖然入了德國籍,但她骨子里依然是深受中國文化熏陶的人,她愛自己的祖國,決心用古箏這有效載體去傳播中國文化,以增進德國人民對中國的了解,這是她的信念,是她在德國奮斗的目標!然而要用古箏傳播中國文化并非一件易事,德國是貝多芬、莫扎特的故鄉(xiāng),德國人對音樂人是很尊敬的,但也非常挑剔。她認為,要讓德國人了解接受中國的古箏,承認你的演奏,就要盡可能了解掌握德國音樂的風(fēng)格、特點,使之融入到自己的演奏中去。同時,在演奏形式上得盡量多與西洋樂器接觸,如古箏與豎琴、古箏與長笛、古箏與鋼琴演奏,這樣,才能直觀地交融了中西音樂特點,也使德國觀眾有了親近感。

        悄悄地來悄悄地去

        李紅是一名地道的杭州人,父親是浙江大學(xué)的教授,母親也長期從事教育事業(yè)。良好的家風(fēng)漸移默化地影響著她的成長。80年代初期李紅從杭州學(xué)軍中學(xué)畢業(yè)后,進入浙江越劇團從事?lián)P琴、古箏的演奏,以后師從上海音樂學(xué)院教授何寶泉、孫文妍后,她的演奏技藝大為長進,一些高難度的古箏獨奏曲都能順利拿下。當(dāng)時在杭州的一些文藝晚會上,李紅的古箏獨奏已嶄露頭角。

        由于李紅對古箏有著獨特的理解和認識,因此早在杭州時候聽她的演奏,除了音樂本身所帶來的炫麗之外,更多的是透過沉穩(wěn)或激情的演奏后面,是樂曲所表達的對人生對自然某些詮釋。

        李紅終于成功了。在德國柏林、漢堡她成了家喻戶曉式的人物。每年西門子圣誕文藝晚會、西門子現(xiàn)代音樂會,每年漢堡市政府舉辦的中秋音樂會,總少不了李紅的上場。李紅的古箏與交響樂演奏成了漢堡市各種文藝晚會的保留節(jié)目,她還抽出時間為當(dāng)?shù)匾患掖壬茩C構(gòu)演出,將演出的所有收入捐給一家兒童福利醫(yī)院。有時到外地演出,哪怕再遠她也十分樂意,這時,她的丈夫會開著車為她全程陪送。

        李紅是個不事張揚的人。她在德國出了名,但每年來杭探親總是悄悄地來悄悄地去,除了和幾個要好的同事會晤一下,更多的是在家里陪年邁的父母,或和丈夫去欣賞西湖的山光水色。最近幾年有了女兒,她更忙了。但再忙,每年一次回杭雷打不動。為的是杭州有她難以割舍的親情,有她太多的回憶、有太多的牽掛。筆者曾談起可否在適當(dāng)時候在杭州舉辦古箏與交響樂音樂會,以回報杭州的父老鄉(xiāng)親,這似乎觸動了她的心弦,她說自己也有這個想法,但要等到條件成熟時才行,到時會帶一支交響樂團和指揮來故鄉(xiāng)。

        Musician Brings Chinese Tunes to Germany

        By Wang Anxiang

        Li Hong married a German and moved to Germany 13 years ago. However, hers is not just another story about another international marriage. Li Hong brought traditional Chinese music to Hamburg, Germany where she is now a musical celebrity.

        Before Li Hong went to Germany, she studied ancient Zheng, a traditional 25-stringed Chinese zither. After graduation from high school, she played Zheng and dulcimer for Zhejiang Yue Opera Troupe. Her musical studies under the tutelage of professors He Baoquan and Sun Wenyan at Shanghai Conservatory of Music enabled her to master the art of Zheng. She began to appear in concerts in Hangzhou and gradually made a local reputation as a gifted Zheng player.

        Her life in Germany is more than that of a full-time homemaker. Li Hong acts as an ambassador to bring the knowledge of China to the people in Germany.

        Her first performance started 13 years ago. Through the introduction of her husband, Li Hong met a prominent German artist who would soon hold a solo art exhibition at his hometown. Li was invited to attend the opening ceremony and perform her Zheng for guests. She played two classic Chinese musical pieces and her interpretation of the ancient Chinese musical charms enchanted the audience. They had never known that China had such wonderful music and such wonderful musical instrument. They spoke highly of her performing skills.

        From then on, Li Hong became gradually known to German audiences for her Chinese zither and wonderful tunes. Many celebrated orchestras in Germany invited her to hold concerts to perform Zheng concertos. In September 1997, she performed with Mozart Orchestra at Hamburg Concert Hall. The Chinese pieces she played were recomposed by prominent German composers. She also played Zheng pieces composed exclusively for her by German composers. Li Hong talked to audiences about the compositions and backgrounds between pieces. The concert was a huge success. And it was also regarded as a milestone for Li Hong as well as for Chinese music to take a foothold in Europe.

        Li Hong has a busy annual schedule for concerts. Averagely, she holds fifty performances a year and for the past 13 years, she has appeared at 600 concerts across Germany.

        The 13 years have witnessed Li Hong’s blend into the German society. She learned the German language at Goethe Institute in Hamburg and the advanced language courses enabled her to speak fluent German. Then she studied at the musical department at the University of Hamburg for eight years before she finally obtained a master degree. Though now a naturalized German, Li Hong still has her roots in China and she wants German people to know more about China. However, disseminating the Chinese music poses a great challenge in the homeland of Beethoven and Mozart. The people here love music and they are fastidious about music performances. A musician from the outside has to learn about German musical tradition before she gets to know how to interpret music in a way acceptable to German audiences. Her musical success in Germany can also be attributed to the inspirational integration of the Chinese zither with western musical instruments such as harp, flute, and piano.

        Nowadays, Li Hong is an established musician in Hamburg. Her Zheng performances with a symphony orchestra are an integral part of musical events in Hamburg organized by either government or private institutions. She also takes active part in charity performances. Sometimes her husband drives her to other cities for performances.

        Though Li Hong is a celebrity in Hamburg, she keeps a low profile in her hometown Hangzhou. She comes back quietly to visit her parents every year. She has a dream of holding a concert in Hangzhou with a symphony orchestra from Germany.

        (Translated by David)

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