我母親手中保存了40多年的九封三叔達夫寄自日本的家信，上世紀60年代初母親將這批手札捐給了北京圖書館。當時北圖只拍了一套照片送還給她作為紀念，她又將照片珍藏了20多年（所幸十年浩劫中她藏得很好，抄家時也沒抄去）。直到1982年1月逝世前幾個月，母親才把她用厚紙剪制封套的一疊20張八寸照片交給了我。

多年來，母親交我的這疊照片因幾經遷徙，已經無從尋找。去年因舉辦名家手稿展覽，我去信請問北京圖書館（現為國家圖書館）達夫叔的九封家書原件是否還在？得到圖書館肯定的答復，并應我的要求寄給我全套復印件。

郁達夫青少年時期留日8年，為何只有9封家書呢？從信中內容看，幾乎每封信都有達夫新作的詩，估計當時母親是為了學詩，為了要保存詩稿才把信保存下來，其余的信當時就毀去了。

1913年父親（郁華烈士）二次東渡日本，帶了剛剛結婚的20歲的母親陳碧岑和幼弟郁達夫（當時叫郁文）同去，在東京租屋住下。父親是當時大理院派去考察司法的，達夫叔入校學習日文，母親后來也入女子家政學校。晚上各人功課完畢，在燈下兄弟二人談古論今，吟詩聯句，母親也跟著學習作詩。后來母親跟父親回國以后寄達夫詩中有思念此時生活之句：“何日小屏紅燭底，相將斗句理盤餐?！边_夫叔9歲能詩，15歲入杭府中后不斷寫詩，還匿名向各報投稿。到日本一年以后剩下他一人，他很不容易地考入第八高等學校，雖然是學醫(yī)，后來學經濟，但給兄嫂的家書中幾乎每封信都有詩。如：

昔年作客原非客，骨肉天涯尚剩三。

今日孤燈茶榻畔，共誰相對話江南？

對于母親來說，在東京的一年是她的啟蒙黃金時代，直到老年她還常常對我們說起。父親自回到北京后因公事繁忙，與留在日本的幼弟通信則大半是母親的事了。她不顧自己沒有正經讀過書，仍學著寫詩寄達夫，如：

猶憶他鄉(xiāng)同作客，那知今日獨思君。

一家羈旅留京國，千里音書望暮云。

達夫立即和原韻酬答：

定知燈下君思我，只為風前我憶君。

積淚應添西逝水，關心長望北來云。

三叔把嫂嫂當作親姐姐看待，而把長兄當作嚴父。他有時偷偷問嫂嫂多要點錢花，有時把為女性所煩擾而作的詩寫給嫂嫂看，又注明“慎勿為曼兄見”。這一年正是到名古屋入“八高”后的1916年，也就是《沉淪》中主人公20歲時所經歷的生活。長兄對他愛之深，責之嚴，他的得意經常要被扼制；如信中說：“曼兄再三戒弟以勿驕，前年弟曾有百錢財主笑人之習，近且欲對黃狗亦低頭矣。前次狂言，唯向我親愛之兄嫂言之，以示得意，決不至逢人亂道也?！彼€寫很長的信教長嫂學詩，發(fā)一通對唐詩和唐以后諸家的議論，從議論中可以看出，他早年喜歡清初吳梅村和王漁洋的詩，至于說“閨閣中人”不宜如何如何，倒并非特別輕視婦女，而是反映那個時代和他本人對女性美的看法。以上也只是他早年的見解，其后他轉而寢饋宋詩，晚年也愛黃仲則，并且逐漸形成他自己的獨特風格了。他在一張明信片中寫了《奉寄》這樣一首詩：

誰從亂世識機云。兄弟飄零幾處分。

天下英雄君與操。富春人物我思君。

如今公論尊經濟。敢把文章托盛勛。

記取當時燈下約。阿連有力凈河汾。

千九百十八年十二月二十八日夜作

達夫雖然從青少年時期就經受悲苦寂寞，具有特別憂郁的氣質，但時時總也離不開憂國憂民。這首詩就頗有以天下為己任的氣概。即使在招來“頹廢作家”頭銜的早期代表作《沉淪》中，也執(zhí)著地貫穿著對祖國貧弱的呼號。他在家書中有這樣一段話：“……每有棄此紅塵，逃歸山谷，作野人想。是以日日課余后，跑三里余路至八事山（在名古屋西鄉(xiāng)）散步，藉一得生人趣。近則以普度眾生為心，即貧者病者，欲使之不貧不病。是以有暇輒埋頭于書卷中，欲求得一真學問，使能用之于實事也。然腦病作矣，吁！弟不得不為天下蒼生哭！……”

達夫叔終于在遠離故國的蘇門答臘死得那樣慘烈，絕非偶然。在他殉難前不久的詩中已表明了與他早年的抱負相同但更為成熟開闊的心胸：

天意似將頌大任，微軀何厭忍饑寒。

長歌正氣重來讀，我比前賢路已寬。

這9封信是三叔從18歲到24歲時寫的。說也奇怪，這里面幾乎已經現出貫穿他一生的氣質、愛好、才華以及對家鄉(xiāng)祖國的思戀、煩悶、苦惱、思想矛盾……他十二三歲就喜歡寫詩，十五六歲在杭州讀書時曾投稿《神州日報》發(fā)表過詩，在日本時期從剛剛進入“八高”的1915年，就在校友會雜志以“春江釣徒”筆名發(fā)表詩作，盡管他開始是學醫(yī)的，但后來在《新愛知新聞》和《太陽》雜志等當時詩壇權威嚴格選稿的刊物上發(fā)表過數以百計的詩作。從信中可看出他是按捺不住胸中沸騰著的情感，才形之于詩的。最后直到他晚年（說晚年，其實只40多歲）在印尼隱身流亡期間，再也不可能發(fā)表作品時，他仍然以寫詩為難忍的痛苦之唯一寄托。

郁達夫的文學生命以詩開始，以詩告終。我曾讀過日本稻葉昭二先生著《郁達夫——他的青春和詩》的中譯本（浙江文藝出版社），其中對于郁達夫自1913—1922年在日本期間的一切學習（包括課程表和考試成績）、生活、發(fā)表作品、交友、從師、住宿等等都提供了翔實周密的資料，乃至日本文藝界人士在30年代到上海、杭州以及郁達夫于1936年再到日本的相互交往和友誼，都有當事人的第一手記述。此外，稻葉昭二先生和其他幾位日本學者還有不少關于郁達夫的研究專著，如鈴木正夫曾專程去印尼為郁達夫之死作過調查，證明郁達夫確為日本憲兵殘酷殺害，鈴木正夫還將調查結論于1985年在富陽舉行的紀念郁達夫殉難40周年學術討論會上正式公布。他們都把郁達夫作為中國新文學的重要作家而又與日本有著那么密切的關聯當作一個有國際影響的事例，但郁達夫卻又是在侵華戰(zhàn)爭結束時死于日本憲兵之手，這是個悲劇。

稻葉昭二的書引用了大量資料，也包括關于我父親的，父親用的筆名我也是第一次知道。1909年父親在日本留學時，寫過東京竹枝詞40首，以六郎、井久計云、郁慶云等筆名發(fā)表于《太陽》雜志，當時日本著名漢詩人森槐南給以很高評價，于是小弟弟達夫也躍躍欲試地模仿而又更出新地寫出《日本竹枝詞》12首，在《新愛知新聞》漢詩欄以《日本謠》為題發(fā)表。當時的日本漢詩盟主服部擔風附了這樣的評語：“郁君達夫留學吾邦猶未出一二年，而此方文物事情，幾乎無不精通焉。自非才識軼群，斷斷不能?！度毡局{》諸作，奇想妙喻，信手拈出。絕無矮人觀場之憾，轉有長爪爬癢之快。一唱三嘆，舌撟不下?！睋救~先生說：“服部擔風對郁達夫就如同藤野先生之于魯迅?！痹凇鞍烁摺睍r，他的學習成績并不好，據稻葉先生查考，在預科畢業(yè)成績官報中，郁文的名字列入丙類34人中的第28位，可是所有接觸他的同學都一致說他“語學能力超群，爽快而機敏善辯”。當時除日語漢語外還要學英語、法語、德語。據說教他德語的對日本文學有很深造詣的老師阿諾德·哈恩先生，經常在課上課后和達夫用德語“暢談些什么，快得大家都聽不明白”。達夫在他自己后來寫的回顧中說：“在高等學校里住了4年，共計所讀的俄、德、英、日、法的小說加起來總有一千部內外?！倍敃r也在日本留學卻比他小的馮乃超，曾聽學校附近的舊書店老板說，達夫的買書讀書量極豐富，常把讀完的新出版的原著拿來賣掉，再買走一些新書。

達夫從青春時期就有出世、入世，悲觀、革命的矛盾思想。他對于國家貧弱、軍閥內戰(zhàn)、留學生在外受辱痛徹于心，但又自卑：“天下大事非白面書生之所當言?！笨墒撬麕缀趺糠庑哦缄P心著國家大事：“只恐故園戈未息，烽煙繚亂怯登樓。”他對于日本的風土人情、語言文學、人物友好，從17歲開始到成熟期就有深深的愛戀種在心里，但對于日本帝國居高臨下，把中國當作劣等民族的那種統治觀念又憎恨得咬牙切齒，最突出的事例如他最愛讀佐藤春夫的早期作品，后來直到上海互相往來且成為好友，但是當戰(zhàn)爭開始佐藤春夫以郭沫若為原型寫了《亞洲之子》發(fā)表，為軍國主義的東亞共榮騙局張目，達夫恨得立即回敬他一篇《日本的文士與娼妓》，把他罵得狗血噴頭。

My Uncle’s Poems Written In Japan

By Yu Feng

The year 2006 marked the 100th anniversary of my uncle Yu Dafu (1896-1945). His literary career started and ended with poems. I write this article in his commemoration.

My mother had kept 9 letters sent home from Japan by my uncle for more than 40 years until she donated the letters to the Beijing Library in the 1960s. The library photographed the letters and gave her a batch of photocopies in memory of the letters. She hid the photos well that they survived the calamitous Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) when our house was illegally searched and property confiscated. A few months before she passed away in January， 1982， she gave me twenty 8-inch photocopies of the letters in a thick envelope which she made decades before.

Unfortunately I lost them as I have moved several times since then. On the occasion of the exhibition of literary masters?manuscripts last year， I wrote to the Beijing Library asking whether it still had the original letters. The answer was affirmative and the library sent me a complete set of copies at my request.

My uncle spent eight years in Japan. Why are there only nine letters left? Given that each of these letters contains poems， my conjecture is that my mother waned to learn how to write poems so she kept the nine letters with valued poems. Other letters were not kept.

In 1913， my father Yu Hua went to Japan again on a government mission to study the Japanese legal system.He traveled to Tokyo with my mother， who was 20 years old and had just married my father， and his younger brother Yu Dafu. They settled down in a rented house. Yu Dafu went to a school to learn Japanese and later my mother studied domestic economics at a women’s school. In the evenings， the two brothers would chat at home about nearly everything and then compose poems. Later my mother learned to compose poems too. One year later， my father and mother came back to China， but Yu Dafu stayed in Japan to further his study. He first studied medicine and later switched to economics. He wrote back to my father and mother regularly.

For my mother， the year in Tokyo was a year of enlightenment. In her twilight years， she often talked about the year in Tokyo. She also explained why she wrote to my uncle. She said my father was so busy with the government work that he asked her to write to their younger brother in Tokyo. Yu Dafu treated my mother as a sister and the elder brother as a strict father. Sometimes he asked my mother for some pocket money and now and then he confided in my mother about his unhappy romances in Japan.

The nine letters wrote over a period of 6 years from the year my uncle was 18 to the year when he was 24. Oddly enough， his early poems highlight nearly all major facets of his life: a burning passion， literary gift， personality， nostalgia for the homeland， frustrations， and contradictory thoughts， etc. My uncle started writing poems at 12. When he studied in a middle school in Hangzhou， capital of Zhejiang Province， his poems were published in local newspapers. In Japan he continued writing poems. In 1915 his poems were published in a school magazine. Later， he had hundreds of poems published in authoritative newspapers and poetry journals in Japan. Before he was executed in his late forties in Indonesia， he wrote poems even though it was impossible to publish them.

Some Japanese scholars have conducted thorough studies on the life and works of my uncle. From their researches， I am able to know more about his life and poems. A Japanese scholar traced all the details of Yu Dafu’s life from 1913 to 1922 in Japan and his life as a writer back in China. The book records such details as his curriculum schedules， school report cards， everyday life， a list of his published works， friends and teachers and residences. The book also contains first-hand narrations of Japanese writers and artists who visited Yu in Shanghai and Hangzhou in the 1930s and Yu’s 1936 visit to Japan. A Japanese scholar went all the way to Indonesia to investigate Yu’s death there. He concluded that it was Japanese gendarmes that killed Yu Dafu in 1945. The investigation result was disclosed at an academic seminar held in Fuyang in 1985 in memory of the fortieth anniversary of my uncle’s death. Japanese friends regard Yu Dafu as an important writer in China’s new literature movement and also an international writer with close relationship with Japan. It was a tragedy that Japanese gendarmes killed Yu in the last months when Japan’s invasion into China was about to end.

According to Japanese scholars， Yu Dafu’s poems were highly evaluated by Japanese poets of that time. Some of his classmates recalled that Yu Dafu had a gift for language though he got poor scores for other subjects. During the four years in the high school in Japan， he studied Japanese， Chinese， English， French， and German. In his own reminiscences， he wrote that he had read 1，000 novels in Russian， German， English， French， and Japanese during the four years.

As he spent his formative years in Japan， my third loved the country as testified by his friendship with many Japanese people and his passion for Japanese literature and lifestyle， but as a Chinese he hated the way Japan treated China and Chinese people.

(Translated by David)