[摘要]" 目的: 研究circ_0022382對乳腺癌細胞增殖和遷移的影響及可能的作用機制。方法: ① 篩選乳腺癌中高表達的circRNA,首先分別對乳腺癌circRNA相關(guān)GEO數(shù)據(jù)集(GSE165884)和miRNA相關(guān)GEO數(shù)據(jù)集(GSE45498)進行差異分析,然后通過ENCORI數(shù)據(jù)庫預(yù)測差異表達的circRNA所結(jié)合的miRNA,最后通過韋恩圖對circRNA結(jié)合的miRNA和GEO數(shù)據(jù)庫預(yù)測的miRNA取交集,得到交集的miRNA及其對應(yīng)的circRNA。② 分別予以收斂引物和發(fā)散引物對乳腺癌細胞MDA-MB-231來源的互補DNA(cDNA)和基因組DNA(gDNA)進行PCR,并通過瓊脂糖凝膠電泳實驗對PCR產(chǎn)物進行分離以驗證circ_0022382的環(huán)形結(jié)構(gòu)。③ 實時熒光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)分別檢測乳腺癌細胞MDA-MB-231和MCF-7及正常乳腺上皮細胞MCF-10A,乳腺癌組織和癌旁組織中circ_0022382表達水平。④ 在MDA-MB-231細胞和MCF-7細胞中分別轉(zhuǎn)染si-NC、si-circ_0022382,采用qRT-PCR檢測轉(zhuǎn)染效率,分別采用克隆形成實驗和劃痕愈合實驗檢測乳腺癌細胞增殖和遷移;qRT-PCR檢測let-7a-5p的表達水平;在si-circ_0022382組中分別轉(zhuǎn)染let-7a-5p inhibitor NC、let-7a-5p inhibitor,克隆形成實驗和劃痕愈合實驗檢測乳腺癌細胞增殖和遷移。⑤ 通過京都基因與基因組百科全書(KEGG)富集分析let-7a-5p的下游信號通路;在MDA-MB-231細胞和MCF-7細胞中分別轉(zhuǎn)染let-7a-5p NC、let-7a-5p mimic,蛋白質(zhì)印跡法和細胞熒光免疫法檢測PI3K/AKT/mTOR信號通路相關(guān)蛋白表達,蛋白質(zhì)印跡法檢測let-7a-5p inhibitor和si-circ_0022382共轉(zhuǎn)染后乳腺癌細胞p-AKT表達。結(jié)果: ① GSE165884差異分析得到37個高表達的circRNA,GSE45498差異分析得到6個低表達的miRNA,37個高表達的circRNA中,circ_0022382對應(yīng)的miRNA和6個低表達的miRNA有交集基因let-7。② 乳腺癌細胞MDA-MB-231來源的cDNA既可以通過發(fā)散引物又可以通過收斂引物來擴增,而gDNA只能通過收斂引物來擴增。③ 與MCF-10A細胞相比,circ_0022382在乳腺癌細胞MDA-MB-231和MCF-7中均顯著高表達(P均lt;0.001);乳腺癌組織中circ_0022382表達亦明顯高于癌旁組織(Plt;0.05)。④ 下調(diào)circ_0022382表達后,MDA-MB-231和MCF-7細胞的增殖和遷移能力均顯著下降(P均lt;0.001),let-7a-5p的表達水平均顯著升高(Plt;0.01和Plt;0.05);在si-circ_0022382組中,共轉(zhuǎn)染let-7a-5p inhibitor能夠顯著挽救MDA-MB-231和MCF-7細胞增殖和遷移能力的下降(Plt;0.01和Plt;0.001)。⑤ KEGG信號通路富集分析結(jié)果顯示,PI3K-AKT和mTOR信號通路顯著富集;與let-7a-5p NC組相比,let-7a-5p mimic組的p-AKT、p-PI3K和mTOR的蛋白水平顯著下降;在si-circ_0022382組中,共轉(zhuǎn)染let-7a-5p inhibitor能夠顯著挽救MDA-MB-231和MCF-7細胞中p-AKT表達水平的降低。結(jié)論: circ_0022382在乳腺癌中高表達,通過靶向let-7a-5p/PI3K/AKT/mTOR軸促進乳腺癌細胞的增殖和遷移能力,其有可能作為乳腺癌治療和診斷的潛在靶點。
[關(guān)鍵詞] "circ_0022382;let-7a-5p;PI3K/AKT/mTOR信號通路;增殖;遷移
[中圖分類號]" R737.9" [文獻標志碼]" A" [文章編號]" 1671-7783(2025)02-0145-09
DOI: 10.13312/j.issn.1671-7783.y240075
[引用格式]劉偉, 張俊, 張佳雯, 等. Circ_0022382/let-7a-5p/PI3K/AKT/mTOR軸促進乳腺癌細胞增殖和遷移[J]. 江蘇大學(xué)學(xué)報(醫(yī)學(xué)版), 2025, 35(2): 145-153.
[作者簡介]劉偉(1999—),男,碩士研究生;孫曉春(通訊作者),教授,碩士生導(dǎo)師,E-mail: sunxiaochun518@163.com
Circ_0022382/let-7a-5p/PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis promotes the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells
LIU Wei1, ZHANG Jun2, ZHANG Jiawen1, YE Yu1, ZHU Jianqin1, YU Qiwen1, LI Tao3, SUN Xiaochun1, CHEN Huabiao3
(1. School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang Jiangsu 202013; 2. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou Jiangsu 225012; 3. School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo Zhejiang 315211, China)
[Abstract]" Objective: To study the effects of circ_0022382 on the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells and the possible underlying mechanism. Methods: ① Screening for circRNAs that are highly expressed in breast cancer. Firstly, the differential analysis of the circRNA-related GEO dataset (GSE165884) and miRNA-related GEO dataset (GSE45498) of breast cancer were carried out, respectively, and then the miRNAs bound by the differentially expressed circRNAs were predicted by the ENCORI database, and finally the intersecting miRNAs and the miRNAs predicted by the GEO database were obtained by the Venn diagram. ② The complementary DNA (cDNA) and genomic DNA (gDNA) derived from MDA-MB-231 of breast cancer cells were PCR with convergent primers and divergent primers, respectively, and the PCR products were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis to verify the circular structure of the circ_0022382. ③ Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect circ_0022382 expression in breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 and normal breast epithelial cell MCF-10A, as well as in breast cancer tissues and adjacent tissues, respectively. ④ MDA-MB-231 cells and MCF-7 cells were transfected with si-NC and si-circ_0022382, qRT-PCR was used to detect transfection efficiency, clone formation assay and scratch healing assay were used to detect the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression level of let-7a-5p. The si-circ_0022382 group was transfected with let-7a-5p inhibitor NC and let-7a-5p inhibitor, respectively, and the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells were detected by clone formation assay and scratch healing assay. ⑤ The downstream signaling pathway of let-7a-5p was analyzed by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment. MDA-MB-231 cells and MCF-7 cells were transfected with let-7a-5p NC and let-7a-5p mimic, respectively, and the expression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway-related proteins was detected by Western blotting and cellular immunofluorescence, and the expression of p-AKT in breast cancer cells co-transfected with let-7a-5p inhibitor and si-circ_0022382 was detected by Western blotting. Results: ① GSE165884 differential analysis yielded 37 high-expressing circRNAs, GSE45498 differential analysis yielded 6 low-expressing miRNAs, and among the 37 high-expression circRNAs, circ_0022382 corresponding miRNAs and 6 low-expressing miRNAs had intersecting gene let-7. ② cDNA derived from breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231 can be amplified by both divergent primers and convergent primers, whereas gDNA can only be amplified by convergent primers. ③ Compared with MCF-10A, circ_0022382 was significantly more expressed in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 (Plt;0.001). The expression of circ_0022382 in breast cancer tissues was also higher than that in adjacent tissues (Plt;0.05). ④ After knocking down circ_0022382, the proliferation and migration of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells decreased significantly (Plt;0.001), and the expression level of let-7a-5p increased significantly (Plt;0.01 and Plt;0.05). Co-transfection of let-7a-5p inhibitor significantly rescued the decreased proliferation and migration of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells transfected with si-circ_0022382 (Plt;0.01 and Plt;0.001). ⑤ The results of KEGG signaling pathway enrichment analysis showed that PI3K-AKT and mTOR signaling pathways were significantly enriched. Compared with the let-7a-5p NC group, the expression of p-AKT, p-PI3K and mTOR proteins in the let-7a-5p mimic group significantly decreased. Co-transfection of let-7a-5p inhibitor significantly rescued the decrease of p-AKT expression of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells transfected with si-circ_0022382. Conclusion: Circ_0022382 is highly expressed in breast cancer and promotes the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells by targeting the let-7a-5p/PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis, which may be a potential target for breast cancer treatment and diagnosis.
[Key words]" circ_0022382; let-7a-5p; PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways; proliferation; migration
乳腺癌在女性中的發(fā)病率和死亡率都很高[1]。臨床上,對乳腺癌患者進行分期和分型后采取相應(yīng)的治療決策可以降低死亡率。然而,乳腺癌的異質(zhì)性導(dǎo)致患者在治療過程中反應(yīng)不一[2]?!癋UTURE”系列試驗結(jié)果顯示,通過雄激素受體等4種免疫組化標志物對三陰性乳腺癌進一步分型,可以顯著提高乳腺癌患者的生存期和對化療藥物的治療效果[3]。因此,更多新型分子標志物的挖掘有助于乳腺癌的診斷和治療。
環(huán)狀RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)在許多腫瘤中特異性表達,包括乳腺癌[4]、結(jié)直腸癌[5]和胃癌[6]等。此外,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)circRNA與乳腺癌的生物學(xué)功能和治療進展有關(guān),例如,環(huán)狀同源結(jié)構(gòu)域相互作用蛋白激酶3(circHIPK3)可促進乳腺癌細胞的增殖和遷移能力[7],環(huán)狀漿細胞瘤變異易位1(circPVT1)可增強雌激素受體陽性乳腺癌對他莫昔芬的耐藥性[8]。本研究通過生物信息學(xué)方法篩選并經(jīng)臨床標本驗證后發(fā)現(xiàn)circ_0022382在乳腺癌中高表達,并進一步探討其對乳腺癌細胞的影響以及可能的作用機制,以期為乳腺癌的診斷和治療提供新的靶點。
1" 材料與方法
1.1" 材料
1.1.1" 組織和細胞" 乳腺癌組織由江蘇大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院甲乳外科提供(江蘇大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院倫理委員會批準),乳腺癌細胞MDA-MB-231、MCF-7以及正常乳腺上皮細胞MCF-10A購自中國科學(xué)院上海生命科學(xué)研究所。
1.1.2" 主要實驗試劑" 高糖DMEM、胎牛血清(德國Viva Cell公司);MEBM(瑞士Lonza公司);4%多聚甲醛、CCK-8試劑、蛋白標準參照物、瓊脂糖粉末、細胞爬片、10×TBST緩沖液(白鯊公司);DNA片段參照物(愛必夢公司);溴化乙錠染液、TBE緩沖液(愛必信公司);0.1%結(jié)晶紫、RIPA裂解液、PMSF(雷根公司);Transwell小室(Corning公司);逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒、定量試劑盒、DNA提取試劑盒、PCR試劑盒、八連管、蛋白超敏型曝光液(南京諾唯贊公司);circ_0022382的小干擾序列(si-circ_0022382)和陰性對照序列(si-NC)、let-7a-5p的過表達序列(let-7a-5p mimic)和陰性對照序列(let-7a-5p NC)、let-7a-5p的抑制序列(let-7a-5p inhibitor)和陰性對照序列(let-7a-5p inhibitor-NC)(蘇州吉瑪公司);PAGE凝膠快速制備試劑盒(上海雅酶公司);PVDF膜(德國Merck公司);辣根過氧化物酶標記β-肌動蛋白(美國Santa Cruz公司);兔抗人p-AKT、AKT、p-PI3K、PI3K、mTOR蛋白一抗和辣根過氧化物酶標記IgG(美國Cell Signaling Technology公司);山羊血清、DAPI染液(北京索萊寶公司);Cy3標記IgG(愛博泰克公司)。
1.2" 方法
1.2.1" 生物信息學(xué)預(yù)測分析" 在GEO數(shù)據(jù)庫中輸入“breast cancer”、“circRNA”、“miRNA”,搜索乳腺癌相關(guān)的circRNA和miRNA數(shù)據(jù)集,通過GEO2R插件(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r/)對circRNA相關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)集GSE165884和miRNA相關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)集GSE45498進行差異分析,通過ENCORI數(shù)據(jù)庫(https://starbase.sysu.edu.cn/)預(yù)測差異表達的circRNA所結(jié)合的miRNA,通過韋恩圖(https://bioinformatics.psb.ugent.be/webtools/Venn/)對circRNA結(jié)合的miRNA和GEO數(shù)據(jù)庫預(yù)測的miRNA取交集;通過ENCORI數(shù)據(jù)庫預(yù)測let-7a-5p的下游靶基因,并通過DAVID(https://david-d.ncifcrf.gov/)對下游靶基因進行KEGG信號通路富集分析。
1.2.2" 細胞轉(zhuǎn)染實驗及分組" 配制轉(zhuǎn)染體系,取兩只EP管,分別加入DMEM高糖培養(yǎng)液250 μL和轉(zhuǎn)染試劑4 μL,干擾circ_0022382表達時,一只EP管中加入si-NC引物4 μL,另一只EP管中加入si-circ_0022382_1或si-circ_0022382_2引物4 μL,記為si-NC組、si-circ_1組、si-circ_2組(si-circ_1和si-circ_2的敲低效率相似時,選擇一種circ_0022382敲低引物來進行后續(xù)實驗,記為si-circ組)。過表達let-7a-5p時,一只EP管中加入let-7a-5p NC 4 μL,向另一只EP管中加入let-7a-5p mimic 4 μL,記為let-7a-5p NC組和let-7a-5p mimic組。共轉(zhuǎn)染實驗中,一只EP管中加入si-circ_0022382-1和let-7a-5p inhibitor-NC各4 μL,向另一只EP管中加入si-circ_0022382-1和let-7a-5p inhibitor各4 μL,記為si-circ+inhibitor-NC組和si-circ+let-7a-5p inhibitor組。待細胞密度達70%時棄去培養(yǎng)液并用PBS清洗3次,將配好的轉(zhuǎn)染體系分別加入6孔板中,放入CO2培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng)24 h后,取出6孔板并用PBS清洗3次,加入新鮮的完全培養(yǎng)液。
1.2.3" 克隆形成實驗檢驗乳腺癌細胞的增殖" 消化并收集步驟“1.2.2”中circ_0022382干擾實驗和let-7a-5p inhibitor與si-circ_0022382共轉(zhuǎn)染實驗的乳腺癌細胞,比較一定時間下si-NC組和si-circ組、si-circ+inhibitor-NC組和si-circ+let-7a-5p inhibitor組之間細胞的克隆形成能力。將各組的細胞按500個/孔的密度接種于6孔板上,放入CO2培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng),每隔3天換液1次,當(dāng)顯微鏡下克隆集團的細胞數(shù)gt;50個時,停止細胞培養(yǎng)。棄去原先的培養(yǎng)液,用PBS清洗3次,向孔中加入4%多聚甲醛1 mL,固定20 min后,棄去固定液,用PBS清洗3次,加入0.1%結(jié)晶紫染液1 mL,染色20 min后,棄去染液并用PBS清洗3次,拍照并用Image J對克隆數(shù)進行分析。
1.2.4" 劃痕愈合實驗檢測乳腺癌細胞的遷移能力" 細胞轉(zhuǎn)染48 h后,此時細胞密度接近100%,通過劃痕愈合實驗檢測乳腺癌細胞的遷移能力。用10 μL移液槍在6孔板中進行劃痕,PBS清洗3次,加入不含胎牛血清的DMEM,將6孔板放于顯微鏡下拍照,計為0 h劃痕面積;將6孔板放于CO2培養(yǎng)箱中繼續(xù)培養(yǎng),24 h后取出6孔板并放于顯微鏡下拍照,計為24 h劃痕面積。劃痕愈合率(%)=(0 h劃痕面積-24 h劃痕面積)/0 h劃痕面積×100%。
1.2.5" PCR和瓊脂糖凝膠電泳驗證circ_0022382的環(huán)狀結(jié)構(gòu)" 提取乳腺癌細胞MDA-MB-231的RNA,通過逆轉(zhuǎn)錄得到cDNA,同時按DNA提取試劑盒說明書提取乳腺癌細胞MDA-MB-231的基因組(gDNA),并按PCR試劑盒說明書對提取的gDNA和cDNA分別進行擴增,將擴增好的產(chǎn)物分別加入瓊脂糖凝膠中,當(dāng)DNA片段參照物電泳至距離底端1/3處,停止電泳,將瓊脂糖凝膠浸于EB染液,染色30 s,流水清洗30 s后于瓊脂糖凝膠成像儀上進行成像,發(fā)散引物序列:上游,5′-GATTCCTACCCTCATCACGGC-3′,下游,5′-GAAGGCGCGGAAGGCAT-3′;收斂引物序列:上游,5′-CAATCACCGGG-CAACAGGAT-3′,下游,5′-TCATGTCCTCAGCCGTC-TTC-3′。
1.2.6" qRT-PCR檢測circ_0022382在乳腺癌細胞和組織中的表達及l(fā)et-7a-5p的表達" 提取MDA-MB-231、MCF-7、MCF-10A、乳腺癌組織以及癌旁組織的RNA并檢測circ_0022382的表達,同時提取si-NC組和si-circ組的RNA并分別檢測circ_0022382和let-7a-5p的表達。提取和定量RNA的步驟如下,用PBS清洗3次,加入Trizol試劑1 mL,室溫靜置10 min,加入氯仿200 μL,振蕩混勻后靜置2 min,將EP管放入預(yù)冷的低溫超速離心機中進行離心,轉(zhuǎn)速12 000×g,4 ℃離心15 min,吸取上清液至預(yù)冷的異丙醇中,輕輕吹打混勻后,12 000×g,4 ℃離心10 min,棄去上清液,加入75%乙醇溶液1 mL,輕輕吹打混勻后,7 500×g,4 ℃離心5 min,棄去上清液,置于冰上干燥5 min,向EP管中加入DEPC水20 μL以溶解RNA沉淀,用NanoDrop測定總RNA的純度和濃度后,按逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒說明書對提取的RNA進行逆轉(zhuǎn)錄,得到cDNA,再按定量試劑盒說明書對cDNA進行定量。Circ_0022382上游引物序列5′-GATTCCTACCCTCATCACGGC-3′,下游引物序列5′-GAAGGCGCGGAAGGCAT-3′,以GAPDH作為內(nèi)參引物;let-7a-5p上游引物序列5′-GCGCGTGAGGTAGTAGGTTGT-3′,下游引物序列5′-AGTGCAGGG-TCCGAGGTATT-3′,以U6作為內(nèi)參引物。
1.2.7" 蛋白質(zhì)印跡實驗檢測mTOR和PI3K-AKT信號通路相關(guān)蛋白的表達" 提取let-7a-5p NC組和let-7a-5p mimic組乳腺癌細胞的蛋白并檢測mTOR和PI3K-AKT信號通路相關(guān)蛋白的表達;提取si-NC組和si-circ組、si-circ+inhibitor-NC組和si-circ+let-7a-5p inhibitor組乳腺癌細胞的蛋白并檢測p-AKT的表達。提取和定量蛋白的步驟如下,用PBS清洗細胞3次,按200∶1的比例向每孔加入RIPA裂解液和PMSF,靜置15 min后,用細胞刮刮取細胞,將細胞裂解液收集至1.5 mL的EP管中,渦旋振蕩細胞裂解液,振蕩3次后,低溫超速離心,12 000×g,4 ℃ 15 min,吸取細胞上清液150 μL至新的EP管中,用NanoDrop測定蛋白濃度,向EP管中加入5×蛋白緩沖液40 μL,混勻后放入沸水中煮10 min,冷卻后置于-20 ℃冰箱保存。取出十孔梳,將蛋白樣本和蛋白標準參照物分別加入制膠板的孔中,電泳70 V 30 min,再120 V 60 min,轉(zhuǎn)膜200 mA 1 h,用5%脫脂奶粉對膜條帶室溫封閉2 h,分別加入p-AKT、AKT、p-PI3K、PI3K、mTOR、β-actin抗體(內(nèi)參),均1∶1 000稀釋,4 ℃過夜孵育后,用1×TBST洗滌膜條帶,5 min/次×3次,二抗室溫孵育1 h后,用1×TBST洗滌膜條帶,5 min/次×3次,將膜條帶放置于化學(xué)發(fā)光凝膠成像分析儀上,滴加超敏化學(xué)發(fā)光液對條帶進行顯影。
1.2.8" 免疫熒光實驗測定過表達let-7a-5p后乳腺癌細胞中p-AKT蛋白的表達" 消化并收集let-7a-5p NC組和let-7a-5p mimic組乳腺癌細胞,將細胞種于放入爬片的24孔板中,培養(yǎng)24 h后,取出24孔板并用PBS清洗細胞爬片3次,向12孔板中加入4%多聚甲醛200 μL,固定15 min,用PBS清洗3次,室溫下用0.5% Triton-X通透細胞膜30 min,用PBS清洗3次,加入200 μL山羊血清室溫封閉30 min,棄去山羊血清并滴加一抗稀釋液200 μL,4 ℃孵育過夜后,取出濕盒并室溫復(fù)溫10 min,PBS清洗3次,滴加二抗稀釋液,室溫孵育1 h,PBS清洗3次,滴加DAPI染液200 μL,室溫染色15 min,PBS清洗3次后置于共聚焦顯微鏡上拍照。
1.3" 統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析
應(yīng)用GraphPad Prism 8.0軟件分析實驗結(jié)果并制圖,結(jié)果用均值±標準差(x±s)表示,兩組之間比較采用獨立樣本t檢驗;多組之間均數(shù)比較采用單因素方差分析,進一步兩兩比較采用LSD-t檢驗,Plt;0.05為差異具有統(tǒng)計意義。
2" 結(jié)果
2.1" 通過GEO數(shù)據(jù)庫和ENCORI數(shù)據(jù)庫篩選得到在乳腺癌中高表達的circ_0022382
在GSE 165884數(shù)據(jù)集中,通過對4對乳腺癌組織和癌旁組織進行差異分析,閾值設(shè)定為log2(fold change,F(xiàn)C)gt;2和校正P值lt;0.05,GEO2R分析并繪制火山圖,共發(fā)現(xiàn)70個差異表達的circRNA,其中37個上調(diào)。GSE 45498數(shù)據(jù)集中,通過對39個正常乳腺組織和55個三陰性原位乳腺癌組織進行差異分析,閾值設(shè)定為log2(FC)gt;1.4和校正P值lt;0.05,GEO2R分析并繪制火山圖,共發(fā)現(xiàn)32個差異表達的miRNA,包括6個下調(diào)的miRNA。通過ENCORI數(shù)據(jù)庫預(yù)測37個上調(diào)circRNA所結(jié)合的miRNA,并與6個miRNA取交集,發(fā)現(xiàn)circ_0022382對應(yīng)的36個miRNA和6個miRNA有交集,即hsa-let-7,見圖1。本研究以hsa-let-7對應(yīng)的circ_0022382作為研究對象。
2.2" circ_0022382為環(huán)形結(jié)構(gòu)且在乳腺癌組織和細胞中高表達
瓊脂糖凝膠結(jié)果顯示,使用收斂引物,可以對cDNA和gDNA進行擴增;相反,使用發(fā)散引物,cDNA可以進行擴增而gDNA無法進行擴增,以上結(jié)果表明circ_0022382為環(huán)形結(jié)構(gòu)。qRT-PCR分析顯示,相比于正常乳腺上皮MCF-10A細胞,circ_0022382在乳腺癌細胞MDA-MB-231和MCF-7中均呈高表達(Plt;0.001);此外,circ_0022382在乳腺癌組織中的表達也明顯高于相應(yīng)的癌旁組織(Plt;0.05),見圖2。
2.3" 敲低circ_0022382抑制乳腺癌細胞的增殖和遷移能力
qRT-PCR結(jié)果顯示,si-circ_0022382_1和si-circ_0022382_2均能有效地敲低乳腺癌細胞MDA-MB-231和MCF-7中circ_0022382的表達水平,選擇si-circ_0022382-1進行后續(xù)實驗??寺⌒纬蓪嶒灲Y(jié)果表明,敲低circ_0022382后乳腺癌細胞MDA-MB-231和MCF-7的克隆數(shù)量顯著減少。劃痕實驗結(jié)果顯示,敲低circ_0022382后乳腺癌細胞MDA-MB-231和MCF-7的劃痕愈合能力明顯下降。以上結(jié)果表明敲低circ_0022382可抑制乳腺癌細胞的增殖和遷移能力。見圖3。
2.4" circ_0022382通過海綿化let-7a-5p促進乳腺癌細胞的增殖和遷移能力
circ_0022382是基于let-7篩選得到的,因此在篩選并驗證circ_0022382的海綿化miRNA時,本研究選擇let-7家族的miRNA,ENCORI數(shù)據(jù)庫顯示circ_0022382和let-7a-5p有結(jié)合,結(jié)合能達到7mer-m8(圖4A)。定量實驗結(jié)果顯示,在敲低circ_0022382后,乳腺癌細胞MDA-MB-231和MCF-7中l(wèi)et-7a-5p的表達水平顯著上升(圖4B)??寺嶒灪蛣澓塾蠈嶒灲Y(jié)果顯示,共轉(zhuǎn)染si-circ_0022382和let-7a-5p inhibitor顯著挽救了敲低circ_0022382引起的乳腺癌細胞MDA-MB-231和MCF-7增殖和遷移能力的下降(圖4C-D)。以上結(jié)果表明circ_0022382通過海綿化let-7a-5p來影響乳腺癌細胞的增殖和遷移能力。
2.5" let-7a-5p調(diào)控mTOR、PI3K-AKT信號通路相關(guān)蛋白的表達
通過DAVID數(shù)據(jù)庫預(yù)測let-7a-5p的下游靶基因,KEGG信號通路富集分析結(jié)果顯示,mTOR和PI3K-AKT信號通路顯著富集(圖5)。過表達let-7a-5p后,免疫熒光結(jié)果顯示,乳腺癌細胞MDA-MB-231和MCF-7中AKT蛋白的磷酸化水平明顯降低(圖6A);蛋白質(zhì)印跡結(jié)果顯示,乳腺癌細胞MDA-MB-231和MCF-7中PI3K蛋白的磷酸化、AKT蛋白的磷酸化和mTOR蛋白的表達水平均顯著降低(圖6B)。以上結(jié)果表明過表達let-7a-5p抑制了mTOR、PI3K-AKT信號通路相關(guān)蛋白的表達。
2.6" circ_0022382通過海綿化let-7a-5p調(diào)節(jié)AKT蛋白的磷酸化水平
蛋白質(zhì)印跡結(jié)果顯示,乳腺癌細胞MDA-MB-231和MCF-7中,相比si-circ+let-7a-5p inhibitor組,si-circ組和si-circ+inhibitor-NC組的AKT蛋白磷酸化水平均顯著下降,見圖7。結(jié)果表明,共轉(zhuǎn)染si-circ_0022382和let-7a-5p inhibitor顯著挽救了敲低circ_0022382引起的AKT蛋白磷酸化程度的降低。
3" 討論
本研究通過數(shù)據(jù)庫差異分析和定量實驗結(jié)果顯示,circ_0022382在乳腺癌組織和細胞中呈高表達,且促進乳腺癌細胞的增殖和遷移。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)circRNA不僅可以作用于腫瘤細胞自身,也可以通過調(diào)節(jié)腫瘤微環(huán)境中的其他細胞來促進腫瘤的進展。例如,乳腺癌細胞在受到應(yīng)激時,會釋放外泌體包裹的circ_0001142來促進巨噬細胞向M2型極化[9];癌癥相關(guān)成纖維細胞中的環(huán)狀FERM、ARH/RhoGEF和Pleckstrin結(jié)構(gòu)域蛋白1(circFARP1)與胰腺導(dǎo)管癌對吉西他濱的耐藥性密切相關(guān),敲低circFARP1后,胰腺導(dǎo)管癌細胞的生長被抑制且對吉西他濱的敏感性增加[10]。
Let-7a-5p在許多腫瘤中呈低表達,包括宮頸癌[11]、肺癌[12]和結(jié)直腸癌[13],因此let-7a-5p可能為一種抑癌基因。本課題組在前期研究中已經(jīng)證實let-7a在乳腺癌細胞和組織中低表達,過表達let-7a可抑制乳腺癌細胞的增殖和遷移能力[14]。本研究結(jié)果表明,敲低circ_0022382后乳腺癌細胞let-7a-5p表達顯著升高,兩者的表達呈反比關(guān)系,這也進一步說明了circ_0022382在乳腺癌中可作為一種促癌基因。除海綿化miRNA外,circRNA還有其他調(diào)節(jié)方式,如轉(zhuǎn)錄后調(diào)節(jié)[15]、翻譯蛋白多肽[16]等。
本研究KEGG信號通路富集分析和蛋白質(zhì)印跡結(jié)果表明,circ_0022382通過海綿化let-7a-5p正調(diào)節(jié)mTOR和PI3K-AKT信號通路相關(guān)蛋白的表達。mTOR和PI3K-AKT信號通路在腫瘤發(fā)生和發(fā)展中發(fā)揮著關(guān)鍵作用[17],研究發(fā)現(xiàn)激活的PI3K-AKT信號通路可以促進糖酵解,而糖酵解又有利于腫瘤的生長[18];此外,mTOR蛋白和調(diào)控自噬相關(guān),異常激活的mTOR可以保護細胞免于自噬[19]。
綜上所述,本研究結(jié)果表明circ_0022382在乳腺癌中高表達并可通過海綿化let-7a-5p激活PI3K/AKT/mTOR信號通路來促進乳腺癌細胞的增殖和遷移,因此circ_0022382或可作為乳腺癌治療的潛在靶點。但是circ_0022382的作用機制有待進一步探討,包括circ_0022382與乳腺癌微環(huán)境中其他細胞的相互作用,其他調(diào)節(jié)方式以及下游PI3K/AKT/mTOR信號通路和糖酵解、自噬的關(guān)系。
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[收稿日期]" 2024-04-11" [編輯]" 何承志