Abstracts

The"Diplomatic"Logic"of"Chinese"Modernization："An"Analysis"Based"on"the"Politics"of"Eco-Institutionalism

ZHAO"Kejin

Abstract："As"China"embarks"on"a"new"journey"of"building"a"modern"socialist"country"in"an"all-round"way，"Chinese"modernization"has"become"a"governance"strategy"for"realizing"the"great"rejuvenation"of"the"Chinese"nation."Based"on"the"theoretical"framework"of"the"politics"of"eco-institutionalism，"the"diplomatic"logic"of"Chinese"modernization"depends"on"the"institutional"attributes"of"the"leadership"of"the"Communist"Party"of"China"and"the"ecological"system"of"profound"changes"unseen"in"a"century."Considering"the"two"factors"of"institutional"attributes"and"ecological"system，"Chinese"modernization"is"the"unity"of"the"profound"changes"in"the"world"and"China’s"grand"strategy."It"is"necessary"to"fundamentally"grasp"the"logical"relationship"between"profound"changes"in"the"world，"Chinese"modernization，"and"the"community"with"a"shared"future"for"mankind."Against"the"backdrop"of"the"profound"changes"in"the"world，"the"strategy"of"building"a"strong"socialist"modern"country"requires"the"coordination"of"the"domestic"and"international"situations."In"domestic"affairs，"it"is"necessary"to"adhere"to"the"promotion"of"the"great"rejuvenation"of"the"Chinese"nation"with"Chinese"modernization;"In"diplomacy，"it"is"essential"to"hold"high"the"banner"of"building"a"community"with"a"shared"future"for"mankind"and"lead"the"world"towards"peace，"security，"prosperity"and"progress."In"summary，"grasping"the"diplomatic"logic"of"Chinese"modernization"requires"a"deep"understanding"of"the"institutional"attributes"and"ecological"system，"based"on"this，"we"should"strive"to"build"a"community"with"a"shared"future"for"mankind.

Keywords："profound"changes"in"a"century，"Chinese-style"modernization，"a"community"with"a"shared"future"for"mankind，"eco-institutionalism，"great"power"diplomacy"with"Chinese"characteristics

Overtaking"on"a"Curve："Late-developing"Economies"in"Global"Industrial"Supply"Chains

YU"Zhen"and"CUI"Jie

Abstract："The"restructuring"of"global"industrial"supply"chains"presents"late-developing"economies"with"an"opportunity"to"“overtake"on"a"curve，”"allowing"them"to"leverage"their"latecomer"advantages"and"achieve"significant"local"industrial"development."An"examination"of"the"history"of"industrial"supply"chains"shows"that"disruptive"technological"innovation，"shifts"in"comparative"advantage，"and"changes"in"the"global"governance"system"are"the"primary"mechanisms"driving"this"restructuring."To"date，"global"industrial"supply"chains"have"undergone"five"major"restructurings，"each"marked"by"the"rise"of"late-developing"economies"such"as"the"United"States，"Japan，"the"“Four"Asian"Tigers，”"China，"and"the"South"and"Southeast"Asian"regions."Through"an"analysis"of"these"driving"mechanisms"and"case"studies"of"late-developing"economies，"this"paper"identifies"key"areas"of"focus"for"these"economies"when"engaging"in"global"industrial"chain"restructuring."These"include"core"technologies，"demand"markets，"and"international"economic"and"trade"rules."By"concentrating"on"these"areas，"late-developing"economies"can"fully"exploit"their"advantages"and"achieve"significant"breakthroughs."China"can"draw"valuable"lessons"from"the"experience"of"these"late-developing"economies."To"capitalize"on"the"new"opportunities"presented"by"the"current"restructuring"of"the"global"industrial"chain，"China"should"continuously"advance"technological"progress"to"upgrade"its"industrial"chain，"expand"domestic"demand"to"secure"its"industrial"chain，"and"actively"participate"in"the"restructuring"of"global"governance"rules."By"doing"so，"China"can"contribute"to"the"reform"of"the"global"governance"system"and"ensure"sustainable"industrial"development.

Keywords："late-developing"economies，"global"industrial"supply"chains，"curve"overtaking，"technological"innovation，"historical"experience

Logic"Behind"Industrial"Supply"Chain"Securitization："A"Comparative"Study"of"the"United"States，"Japan，"and"Europe

HAO"Yubiao"and"MING"Xuan

Abstract："The"rapid"changes"in"the"international"landscape"have"led"to"the"restructuring"of"the"global"industrial"supply"chain."Developed"countries，"represented"by"the"United"States，"Japan，"and"European"countries，"have"introducednbsp;a"series"of"security"measures"that"significantly"impact"the"international"division"of"labor."Using"the"analytical"framework"of"“guiding"ideology-policy"tools，”"the"logic"of"their"supply"chain"security"mechanisms"can"be"comprehensively"and"effectively"deconstructed."In"terms"of"guiding"ideology，"the"United"States"aims"to"pursue"absolute"security"and"maintain"its"hegemonic"status"under"the"“America"First”"policy."Japan"generally"continues"to"uphold"the"concept"of"“comprehensive"security”"strategy，"while"Europe"primarily"emphasizes"“strategic"autonomy.”"The"design"of"policy"instruments"is"implemented"on"three"levels."At"the"national"level，"all"three"economies"emphasize"the"reshaping"of"manufacturing"production"capacity，"but"each"focuses"on"different"sectors;"at"the"regional"level，"near-shoring"and"friend-shoring"strategies"are"pursued"in"parallel，"supported"by"infrastructure"investment"and"cooperation;"and"at"the"global"level，"the"construction"of"high-standard"international"trade"and"economic"rules"and"the"strengthening"of"the"ability"to"set"international"technological"standards"are"key"objectives."Looking"ahead，"the"implementation"of"supply"chain"security"mechanisms"by"the"United"States，"Japan，"and"Europe"will"pose"significant"challenges"to"China’s"industrial"chain"security."Regional"cooperation，"as"a"key"mechanism，"may"lead"to"the"trend"of"multi-chain"parallelism"which"is"becoming"increasingly"important.

Keywords："industrial"supply"chains，"security"mechanisms，"guiding"ideology，"policy"instruments，"international"comparison

Poverty"Classification"and"Identification"in"International"Poverty-Reduction"Cooperation："A"Case"Study"of"“Belt"and"Road"Initiative”"Countries

XU"Xiuli，"ZHAO"Jie，"and"SUN"Jin

Abstract："Identifying"the"poverty"characteristics"of"the"“Belt"and"Road"Initiative”"（BRI）"countries"and"promoting"cooperation"in"poverty"reduction"through"classifications"is"a"key"task"in"effectively"sharing"China’s"experience"in"poverty"reduction."This"paper"adopts"the"sustainable"livelihood"framework"to"construct"an"indicator"system"for"identifying"the"poverty"types"of"the"BRI"countries."The"results"indicate"that"there"are"large"disparities"in"poverty"levels"among"the"BRI"countries."High-poverty"countries"are"concentrated"in"Africa，"medium-poverty"countries"are"more"evenly"distributed"in"Asia，"Africa，"and"Latin"America，"and"low-poverty"countries"are"found"in"a"few"Eurasian"countries."In"terms"of"the"types"of"causes"of"poverty，"high-poverty"countries"are"often"the"result"of"a"combination"of"multiple"compounding"factors."Medium-and-low-poverty"countries，"on"the"other"hand，"tend"to"have"single"or"dual"attributes"of"the"five"different"types"of"causes："lack"of"human"capital，"lack"of"social"governance，"resource"constraints，"under-connectivity，"and"lagging"financial"development."This"study"provides"policy"recommendations"for"regional"targeting，"modality"choices，"and"multi-actor"participation"paths"in"international"poverty-reduction"cooperation，"thus"contributing"to"the"categorization"implementation"of"policies"in"the"construction"of"the"high-quality"“Belt"and"Road.”

Keywords："Belt"and"Road"Initiative，"global"poverty"governance，"poverty"types，"international"development"cooperation

Institutionalization"of"Differences："The"Origins"of"Institutional"Inequality"of"States

ZHANG"Chun

Abstract："Institutional"inequality"among"states"（IIS）"refers"to"the"process"in"which"differences"among"states，"namely，"the"original"and"developmental"inequalities，"are"fixed，"maintained，"spread，"and"even"changed"by"institutional"arrangements."In"other"words，"objective"differences"are"translated"into"institutional"outcomes."Based"on"the"conceptualization"of"“institutionalization"of"differences”"process，"the"author"tries"to"build"a"theoretical"framework"for"explaining"IIS."At"the"micro"level，"institutional"relations"among"states，"equal"or"unequal，"are"the"product"of"the"combination"of"membership"standards"based"on"specific"differences"of"countries"and"corresponding"resource"allocation"arrangements，"and"its"reproduction"is"basically"driven"by"an"institutional"diffusion"mechanism."What"drives"micro"mechanisms"to"produce"macro"effects"is"the"power"or"responsibility"logic"of"states’"objective"differences."The"power"perspective"on"differences"leads"to"the"power"logic"of"member"standard"and"exploitative"resource"allocation"arrangement，"and"the"resultingnbsp;IIS"is"consolidated"or"changed"by"institutional"diffusion."The"responsibility"perspective"on"differences"has"the"potential"to"shape"the"responsibility"logic"of"member"standard"and"compensatory"resource"allocation"arrangements，"and"the"subsequent"institutional"diffusion"may"further"alleviate"the"inequality"among"countries."Since"both"power"and"responsibility"understandings"are"based"on"national"strength，"the"logic"of"responsibility"is"often"replaced"by"the"logic"of"power，"thus"IIS"becomes"dominant"in"international"relations."The"historical"investigation"confirms"the"theoretical"explanation"and"reveals"the"trend"of"logistic"regression"of"responsibility"logic"and"strengthening"of"institutional"equality"among"states."China"has"contributed"and"will"continue"to"contribute"Chinese"wisdom"and"Chinese"solutions"to"institutional"equality"among"states.

Keywords："institutional"inequality，"member"standard，"resource"allocation，"institutional"diffusion，"community"with"a"shared"future

Adaptation"Creates"Complexity："A"Perspective"on"International"Institutions

CHEN"Feifei"and"HUANG"Dengxue

Abstract："The"cause"of"the"complexity"of"international"institutions"is"a"key"area"of"institutional"complexity"research."The"international"institutional"system"is"a"typical"complex"adaptive"system."Based"on"the"core"idea"of"complex"adaptive"system"theory"that"“adaptation"breeds"complexity，”"we"can"discover"the"causal"mechanism"of"the"formation"of"international"institutional"complexity，"and"put"forward"a"research"hypothesis："In"the"international"institutional"system，"the"adaptation"of"international"agents"creates"the"complexity"of"the"international"institutions."Adaptation"as"the"explanatory"variable"in"the"formation"of"the"complexity"of"the"international"system"can"be"divided"into"four"“adaptation"modes”"according"to"different"types"of"“stimulus-response，”"namely，"pressure-responsive"adaptation，"competition-driven"adaptation，"cooperation-driven"adaptation，"and"development-oriented"adaptation."Any"type"of"adaptation"will"lead"to"the"emergence"of"complexity"in"international"institutions."This"study"selects"four"cases，"namely，"the"impact"of"the"financial"crisis"and"the"establishment"and"evolution"of"the"G20"under"the"pressure-responsive"adaptation，"the"institutional"competition"and"the"overlap"and"nesting"of"institutions"in"Asia-Pacific"region"under"the"competition-driven"adaptation，"the"G20"cooperative"governance"model"and"the"formation"of"mechanism"complex"under"the"cooperation-driven"adaptation，"and"the"emergence"and"development"of"institutions"under"the"framework"of"“the"Belt"and"Road"Initiative”"under"the"development-oriented"adaptation，"to"systematically"analyze"the"process"of"the"formation"and"development"of"various"international"institutions，"explain"the"formation"logic"of"the"complexity"of"international"institutions，"and"verify"the"research"hypothesis."The"analytical"framework"of"the"complexity"of"the"international"institutions"based"on"complex"adaptive"system"theory"is"quite"explanatory，"which"is"helpful"to"better"understand"the"essential"attributes"and"shaping"factors"of"the"international"institutional"system，"and"also"provides"a"new"perspective"for"strengthening"the"study"of"international"politics.

Keywords："complex"adaptive"system，"international"institutions，"adaptation，"institutional"competition，"complex"mechanism

Status"Satisfaction"and"Cooperative"Behavior"in"International"Regimes："A"Case"Study"of"India

JIANG"Bo

Abstract："In"recent"years，"India"has"increasingly"focused"on"enhancing"its"international"status"through"participation"in"international"regimes，"exhibiting"varied"cooperative"behaviors"across"different"frameworks."The"existing"literature"lacks"a"comparative"analysis"of"India’s"cooperative"behaviors"within"these"regimes."This"article"addresses"this"gap"by"combining"role"theory"with"the"“status”"variable"in"its"analytical"framework，"introducing"the"concept"of"“status"satisfaction.”"This"concept"stems"from"comparing"a"country’s"actual"status"with"its"expected"status"within"a"regime."Different"levels"of"“status"satisfaction”"can"lead"to"distinct"national"role"constructions"and，"consequently，"specific"national"behaviors."Case"analyses"demonstrate"that，"as"an"emerging"power，"Indianbsp;has"a"strong"desire"for"institutional"status."India"has"adopted"the"roles"of"“changer，”"“controller，”"and"“l(fā)imited"collaborator”"in"the"United"Nations"Security"Council，"the"South"Asian"Association"for"Regional"Cooperation，"and"the"Indo-Pacific"Economic"Framework，"respectively，"and"has"pursued"corresponding"cooperative"behaviors."The"findings"suggest"that"although"India’s"stance"toward"international"regime"cooperation"and"multilateralism"is"increasingly"positive，"its"persistent"self-interest"hinders"the"genuine"promotion"of"multilateral"principles"in"international"cooperation.

Keywords："international"regime，"international"cooperation，"status"satisfaction，"India

Role"and"Impact"of"Congress"and"Its"Select"Committees"on"U.S."Strategic"Competition"with"China

ZHANG"Jian"and"JIANG"Xingyu

Abstract："The"Biden"administration’s"“Outcompeting"China”"strategy"completes"the"bipartisan"policy"shift"vis-à-vis"China，"entrenching"strategic"competition"as"the"defining"feature"of"the"bilateral"relationship."Republicans"and"Democrats"in"Congress"coalesce"around"this"“tough-on-China”"consensus，"pushing"through"a"slew"of"legislation"targeting"different"aspects"of"the"bilateral"ties，"from"human"rights"to"green"energy"products"and"capital"flows"to"people-to-people"exchange."The"House"Select"Committee"on"the"Strategic"Competition"Between"the"United"States"and"the"Chinese"Communist"Party"was"established"in"this"context."Through"its"investigations"of"China-related"issues，"it"has"provided"Congress"with"a"reference"basis"for"the"formulation"of"tough"policies"toward"China."The"Committee’s"radical"orientation"on"China"policy"has"led"it"to"play"an"extremely"negative"role"in"China-U.S."relations，"becoming"one"of"the"sources"of"U.S."actions"to"contain"China—a"breeding"ground"for"misperceptions，"unwarranted"scrutiny，"and"obnoxious"policies.

Keywords："Biden"administration，"strategic"competition，"Select"Committee"on"the"Strategic"Competition"Between"the"United"States"and"the"Chinese"Communist"Party