M+博物館是西九文化區(qū)的一大文化中心,為20世紀(jì)和21世紀(jì)的藝術(shù)、設(shè)計(jì)、建筑和動(dòng)態(tài)影像的展示場(chǎng)所。僅僅20年前,西九文化區(qū)所處之地還是海港的一部分。一塊接一塊地填海造地,將天然港灣改造成為陸地。現(xiàn)在,這片人工填海的土地是西九文化區(qū)新建筑的建設(shè)場(chǎng)地。
有意思的是,恰好是另一項(xiàng)曾被視為場(chǎng)地規(guī)劃的阻礙工程,即機(jī)場(chǎng)快線的地下隧道,定義了這片區(qū)域的特殊性,成為M+博物館項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)的起點(diǎn)。M+博物館由外觀粗礪且規(guī)模龐大的展覽空間組成,似乎是將整個(gè)建筑錨定在地面上。它在橫跨隧道上方,為藝術(shù)和設(shè)計(jì)、裝置和表演打造了一個(gè)壯美的空間。由L形的“黑盒”以及可進(jìn)行空間重構(gòu)的展示空間(Studio Space)組成,與裝卸及倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)區(qū)域直接相連,形成了一處稱為“潛空間”的下沉展覽地形。這不僅滿足了21世紀(jì)的藝術(shù)和設(shè)計(jì)需求,也為獨(dú)特的藝術(shù)體驗(yàn)搭建了舞臺(tái),與西九文化區(qū)的獨(dú)特性相輔相成。橫跨在這種“工業(yè)”景觀上方的水平建筑體則容納了更多傳統(tǒng)的展覧空間。
與城市的結(jié)構(gòu)相似,所有展廳都基于正交網(wǎng)絡(luò)布置。中庭可直接通往各個(gè)展覽區(qū),包括臨展區(qū)和明確定義的Anchor Room。高大的“焦點(diǎn)空間(Focus Gallery)”從橫向的展廳建筑體塊上矗立起來(lái),在天花板正下方形成了兩個(gè)側(cè)向采光帶,直連上方的豎向員工和教育建筑。從中庭的4個(gè)角落可以進(jìn)入各個(gè)系列的展廳。每個(gè)系列都由一個(gè)特定的空間呈現(xiàn):寬闊狹長(zhǎng)的自然光展廳、直通屋頂露臺(tái)的庭院、朝向西九藝術(shù)公園的大玻璃窗展廳和面向維多利亞港的會(huì)堂。這些特定的空間區(qū)分構(gòu)建了展覽空間順序,又可以通過(guò)其他空間組合或分割成更小的單元。展廳本身可以從上方或側(cè)面的開口處自然采光,朝藝術(shù)廣場(chǎng)、公園和對(duì)岸港島的天際線都有各種各樣的開口。
在“潛空間”和水平抬升的展覽建筑之間的連接處,設(shè)有一個(gè)寬敞的公共入口平臺(tái)。該區(qū)域沒有建造遮擋交通、光線和視野的建筑實(shí)體,而是形成了一個(gè)明亮、親切的平臺(tái),開放、通透,又能遮擋陽(yáng)光,公眾可以從四面八方進(jìn)入。平臺(tái)的每個(gè)區(qū)域都有特定的功能。博物館商店位于藝術(shù)廣場(chǎng)旁邊的角落里。大型臨時(shí)展覽空間面向公園,可從主平臺(tái)直接進(jìn)入。俯瞰海濱長(zhǎng)廊和維多利亞港,一邊是會(huì)堂,另一邊是全玻璃外墻的“學(xué)習(xí)中心”,還有一個(gè)公共庭院通向屋頂花園。
M+博物館豎向大樓外部通透的體量以水平展示空間的建筑體塊為中心垂直向上延伸。兩個(gè)體塊構(gòu)成一個(gè)整體,融合為一個(gè)倒T形的建筑形體。細(xì)長(zhǎng)的豎向建筑符合總體規(guī)劃中規(guī)定的高度,建筑內(nèi)設(shè)有研究設(shè)施、藝術(shù)家駐地工作室和策展中心,自然過(guò)濾的陽(yáng)光和廣闊的城市景觀給研究、學(xué)習(xí)和工作帶來(lái)全新體驗(yàn)。頂層設(shè)有視野開闊的會(huì)員休息室和公共餐廳。
由此建造的建筑并不是簡(jiǎn)單地矗立在其周邊環(huán)境中,也由周邊環(huán)境所塑造。其精心設(shè)計(jì)、具有都市感和復(fù)古感的造型,強(qiáng)調(diào)了九龍?zhí)祀H線的標(biāo)志性特征。另一方面,這一傳統(tǒng)性又被其從遠(yuǎn)處可見的藝術(shù)氣息所顛覆,使M+博物館成為不斷更新、不斷迭代的場(chǎng)所,超脫了預(yù)先定義的形式。它既是一大公共空間,也是人與藝術(shù)交流、相遇和互動(dòng)的平臺(tái)。
Designed by a global team of the world-renowned architecture firm Herzog amp; de Meuron in partnership with TFP Farrells and Arup, the M+ building is set to become a new addition to the global arts and cultural landscape and a new international architectural icon. Located in Hong Kong’s West Kowloon Cultural District on the Victoria Harbour waterfront, it provides a permanent space for M+, the first global museum of contemporary visual culture in Asia dedicated to collecting, exhibiting, and interpreting visual art, design and architecture, moving image, and Hong Kong visual culture of the twentieth- and twenty-first centuries.
The commanding architectural form consists of monumental horizontal and vertical volumes—an expansive podium and a strikingly slender tower—reflecting the architects’ reading of the unique typologies of Hong Kong’s architectural landscape and their sensitivity to local urban conditions. Beneath the building site lie the MTR Airport Express and Tung Chung Line. While the pre-existing site condition presents a challenge to design and construction, it has also become a point of departure for the M+ building. The excavation around the railway tunnels produces a ‘found space’ that provides an anchor for the building for hosting dynamic and rotating installations.
The 65,000 square-metre M+ building houses 17,000 square metres of exhibition space across thirty- three galleries. It also includes three cinemas, a Mediatheque, a Learning Hub, a Research Centre, museum shops, restaurants, a tea and coffee bar, a Members Lounge, and office spaces, with a Roof Garden that commands spectacular views of Victoria Harbour. Most galleries are arranged on a large podium level on the second floor offering visitors a fluid, interconnected experience of the exhibitions.
The tower defines a visual dialogue with the urban landscape of Hong Kong. The podium and tower are united as concrete structures clad in ceramic tiles that reflect the changing conditions of light and weather while standing out from nearby glass and steel skyscrapers. The tower facade also features an LED system for the display of content related to the museum, making a distinctive contribution to the city’s vibrant night-time environment.
Museum staff have moved into and started to activate the M+ building and the Conservation and Storage Facility (CSF). Preparations including environmental stabilisation, space fit-outs, the move of permanent collections, and the installation of collection works and objects have commenced with a view to opening the M+ to the public at the end of 2021.