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推理判斷題屬于主觀性較強的高層次閱讀理解題，是指在理解原文字面意義的基礎上，通過對語篇邏輯關系的分析和細節(jié)的暗示，作出一定的判斷和推理，從而理解文章的深層含義及隱含意義。高考對于推理判斷題的考查，要求考生根據文章所提供的事實及自己的一些常識進行合理的推斷，判斷作者的意圖、人物的動機及性格特征和事件發(fā)生的前因后果等。解答該類型題目時要從整體上把握語篇內容，在語篇的表面含義與隱含意義、已知信息與未知信息間架起“橋梁”，透過字里行間，去體會作者的“弦外音”。推理判斷題一般包括推斷隱含意義、推斷作者的觀點和態(tài)度、推斷寫作意圖以及推斷文章出處或讀者對象等四類。

一、推斷隱含意義類型

此類題目的題干中通常含有infer， suggest， imply， conclude等標志性詞語。解題時，需根據題干內容，在文中找到定位詞或句，理解信息句的字面意思，結合已有常識，進行符合情理的推斷。

【真題例析】（2021·全國乙卷） Generation Xers with young families， like my wife and I， can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said， to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents， to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone （using Caller ID would take the fun out of it）.

How attached are you to your landline？ How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries？

27. What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph？

A. It remains a family necessity.

B. It will fall out of use some day.

C. It may increase daily expenses.

D. It is as important as the gas light.

【解析】B。推理判斷題。根據最后一段末句可知，作者詢問座機還要多久能走上煤氣路燈和每天早上送到家的牛奶的道路，在如今日新月異的社會，煤氣路燈和早晨送牛奶都已少見，作者言外之意是“座機終有一天不再被使用?！?/p>

二、推斷作者的觀點和態(tài)度類型

解答此類問題要注意作者或文中人物的措辭及表達情感、態(tài)度或觀點的詞語、句子，明確是問誰對什么事的態(tài)度，明確是作者或文中人物的觀點而非主觀臆斷。

【真題例析】（2021·新高考卷I ） Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support， the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis on emotion by employers， educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.

34.What is the authors attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence？

A.Favorable.? ? ? B. Intolerant.

C. Doubtful.? ? ? ? ? D. Unclear.

【解析】A。推理判斷題。根據“the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful”可知，情商的普遍化總體效果是利大于弊，可以看出作者是贊同態(tài)度。

三、推斷寫作意圖類型

解答此類問題要通過文中所列事物去感受其所傳遞的想法。

【真題例析】（2021·新高考卷I ） We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients， while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.

33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2？

A. To explain a role. B. To clarify a concept.

C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.

【解析】B。推理判斷題。根據“We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. （我們更喜歡把情商描述為一組特定的技能，可以用于好的或壞的目的）”，可知此處在講情商的概念，接著作者舉“doctor”和“cheater”的例子是為了進一步闡明這個概念。

四、推斷文章出處或讀者對象類型

解答此類問題需要根據文章體裁、題材、內容、措辭判斷。這類問題應從文章的內容或結構來判斷其出處。

【真題例析】（2021·全國甲卷） Take a view， the Landscape Photographer of the Year Award， was the idea of Charlie Waite， one of todays most respected landscape photographers. Each year， the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape. Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all corners of the UK and beyond.

23.Where can the text be found？

A. In a history book. B. In a novel.

C. In an art magazine. D. In a biography.

【解析】C。推理判斷題。根據“Each year， the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape. （每年參賽作品的高水準表明該獎項是展示英國風景最佳攝影作品的完美平臺）”可知，文章介紹的是英國風景攝影師年獎，屬于藝術范疇，應該刊登在藝術雜志上。

總之，在解答推理判斷題時，考生應當能高屋建瓴，從整體把握語篇內容，深刻領會語篇的表面含義與隱含意義，透過字里行間去體會作者的目的和意圖，從而選出正確答案。

（作者單位：江蘇省東臺中學）