TheWays,CharacteristicsandInfluenceofSpreadingTraditionalChineseCulturetoRyukyuintheMingandQingDynasties

Zhang Qinlan, Lan Ying

(School of Marxism, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108;Library, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117)

Abstract: During its long external communication, traditional Chinese culture always adheres to inclusiveness and exchanging and mutual learning with grand magnanimity, and the way of dealing with the world with “persuading people with morality and educating people with culture”.Since Ryukyu was incorporated into the suzerain-vassal system in East Asia in the early Ming Dynasty, there were three means of spreading traditional Chinese culture to Ryukyu: the spread of Chinese canonized missions, the cultural acceptance of Ryukyu's diplomatic activities with China, the spread of “36 surnames of Fujian people” and the culture dissemination by Kume village's students who came to China to study.The exchange and dissemination of traditional Chinese culture to the Ryukyu Kingdom has been an important factor of friendly relations between China and the Ryukyu Kingdom for more than 500 years and the political, economic and cultural development of the Ryukyu Kingdom, and it can also provide useful and historical experience, as well as contemporary enlightenment for the overseas dissemination of traditional Chinese culture today.

Keywords: Ming and Qing Dynasties; Sino-Ryukyu relations; traditional culture; exchange and mutual learning

ResearchonthePathofInnovation-drivenDevelopmentundertheBackgroundofDigitalEconomy—An Empirical Analysis Based on the Smart Phone Industry

Zhu Zuping, Lou Xiaoting, Zhang Yuhang

(School of Economics and Management, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108)

Abstract: The factors of production in the digital age are being recombined to create new consumption demand or tap potential demand, and become the carrier of supply to create demand.This paper holds that the factors that digital economy affects innovation drive include supply innovation and demand creation.Among them, supply innovation takes the form of technological innovation, input innovation, and organizational innovation, while demand-side reform takes on the characteristics of scene innovation, digital marketing innovation and channel innovation.Furthermore, this paper makes an empirical analysis on the influencing factors and completion path of innovation drive under the background of digital economy by using the data of domestic smart phone industry.The results show that innovation drive follows the path of “supply innovation-demand change-consumption increase” under the digital economy, and the intersection of supply curve and demand curve shows an increasing trend, and supply innovation and demand change interact to realize “supply creates demand”.Based on this, it is suggested that the digital industry should be radiated to all fields of market economy, and the product value and user value hidden in the data should be tapped to promote demand reform and reconstruct an integrated management system that is compatible with innovation drive.

Keywords: digital economy; innovation drive; supply creates demand; management reconstruction

DoesCorporateGreenGovernanceAffectDebtFinancingCosts?

Huang Lianqin, Gong Cheng, He Manli

(School of Economics and Management, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108)

Abstract: The paper examines the impact of corporate green governance(CGG)on debt financing costs based on a sample of listed corporations in China's A-share heavy-pollution industry from 2011 to 2020.The study shows that CGG can significantly reduce debt financing costs.From the perspective of mechanism, the higher the corporate operating performance, the stronger the reduction effect of CGG on debt financing costs; under the circumstance that corporate financing constraints are stricter, CGG can better reduce debt financing costs.Moreover, from the five dimensions of CGG, the first-level indicators affecting debt financing costs are green management, green information and green monitoring.The effect of CGG on the reduction of debt financing costs is more prominent in the eastern region and the state-owned corporations.This paper not only enriches the research on the economic consequences of CGG, but also has important policy implications for how to reduce the debt costs of Chinese corporations in China's path to modernization.

Keywords: corporate green governance; debt financing costs; financing constraints

LocalizationandInternalLimitationofCollectiveLegalInterest

He Qun, Huang Xueying

(School of Law, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108)

Abstract: In recent years, many crimes have beed added to the criminal law of China to protect the collective legal interest under the background of the great expansion of the criminal law.The basic issues of collective legal interest, such as legitimacy basis and definition standards, have not been clarified.This paper reflects on the relevant debate of collective legal interest from the perspective of localization and holds that: collective legal interest should no longer be too entangled with the legal interest upon classical liberalism, neither should it be hindered by the idea of liberal atomic individuals.Collective legal interest can realize the realistic care of the risk society and the post-epidemic era, and it is in line with the values of the “new collectivism”.Therefore, based on the specific provisions of the criminal law of China, and drawing on the viewpoint of dualism, collective legal interest can be classified into real collective legal interest and unreal collective legal interest.At the same time, collective legal interests should be internally limited by establishing a triple standard of test: justification of purpose, materiality of content and urgency of creation.

Keywords: collective legal interest; new collectivism; real collective legal interest; localization

InternationalLawChallengesofCross-BorderDataFlowinDigitalTradeandChina'sResponse

Zhang Xiangjun, Yi Xingzhu

(School of Economics and Management, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108)

Abstract: The profound changes in intelligent information technologies such as big data, cloud computing and block-chain have led to the emergence of digital trade based on cross-border data flow.The multilateral regulation under WTO is in urgent need of adjustment and Reform in response to the new changes and new needs in the digital trade era.In this context, China, the United States, the European Union, and Russia have legislated to protect data, showing the coexistence of a variety of regional regulations.The different legal regulation paths of all parties project the basic contradiction between the free flow of data and the national sovereign security, which requires to be coordinated and balanced by the WTO and various actors.In this regard, China needs to respond from both international and domestic levels to effectively address the challenges of international law of cross-border data flow.At the international level, we can actively promote the formulation and development of new international rules under the WTO framework; In addition, the review principles of exception clauses under the WTO framework should be refined; Third, we can promote the formulation of a permanent zero tariff agreement; Finally, we should actively participate in WTO multilateral e-commerce negotiations and coordinating the differences of interests of all parties.At the domestic level, we need to improve laws and regulations and data classification mechanism; Furthermore, making flexible use of GATS exception clauses; Besides, we should properly handle the endogenous contradiction between localization measures and free trade, and promote the free flow of cross-border data on the basis of ensuring national security.

Keywords: digital trade; cross-border data flow; challenges of international law

JewishLandscapesandNationalIdentityinDanielDeronda

Zhao Jing, Ning Ruiqin

(School of Foreign Languages, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108)

Abstract: Jewish writing in George Eliot's last novelDanielDerondaroused heated discussions.By depicting the landscapes of the diaspora Jewish communities in Britain, Eliot as an elite novelist in the Victorian era shows her sympathy for weaker nations, expressing her in-depth thinking on issues of national identities and relationships.The novel's realistic writing is transformed into a combination of material reality and extrasensory experiences of the everyday life of both British and Jewish people.In it, the landscape, being a special cultural symbol, stands for the metaphorical meanings of national identities, which are closely associated with certain groups of subjects.Hence,DanielDeronda'srepresentation of the Synagogue for the Jewish religion and that of the Ghetto for Jewish everyday life reveal the national imagination and collective identity of the diaspora Jews living in Britain.At the same time, the novel is embedded with Eliot's endorsement of the universal coexistence and harmony of different nations.Therefore, the landscape depiction in the novel bears the unique political tendency of the novelist as well as unique aesthetic values.

Keywords: George Eliot;DanielDeronda; landscapes; Jews; national identity