徐曦
時刻,即時間點。那么,在英語中如何準確表達時刻呢?對此,筆者歸納了如下兩種表達法,以期對同學們有所幫助。
一、直接表達法
直接表達法,即直接按照時刻的先后順序進行表達。一般而言,先是小時,后是分鐘,均用基數(shù)詞。這種表達法中間不需要添加介詞。如:6:05,可以直接表達為:six five;7:58,可以直接表達為:seven fifty-eight;10:30可以直接表達成:ten thirty。倘若時刻在句子中用作時間狀語,則需要在時刻前面使用介詞“at”。例如:
They arrived at two twenty-five.
他們2點25到達。
The meeting will be held at eight fifty.
會議將在8點50分鐘舉行。
When we got home, it was already ten thirty-five.
當我們回到家時,已經(jīng)是10點35分了。
We must leave now, for the film begins a eleven thirty.
我們得走了,因為這部電影是11點半開始放映。
需要注意的是,(1)如果表示的是“幾點整”時,可以在基數(shù)詞后面直接加上“oclock”oclock有時可以省略。比如:
He gets up at six every morning.
他每天早晨6點起床。
At eight oclock, we start the morning reading.
在8點鐘,我們開始晨讀。
倘若表示的是上午或下午的“幾點整”,應(yīng)在數(shù)字或基數(shù)詞后面直接添加“a.m(上午)”或“p.m(下午)”,但不可以再加上“:00”,也不可以與“oclock”“in the morning/afternoon/ evening”連用。例如:
We work at 9:00 a.m. = We work at nine oclock in the morning.
我們早上9點上班。
Their school closes at five p. m. =Their school closes at five oclock in the afternoon.
他們下午5點放學。
二、間接表達法
間接表達法,即根據(jù)“先分鐘,后小時,中間加介詞”的方法進行表達。具體方法如下:
(1)若分鐘數(shù)等于或小于30分鐘,則中間需用使用介詞“past”進行連接,即“分鐘+pass+小時”,意為“幾點過幾分”。例如:
The flight leaves at five past nine.
= The flight leaves at nine five.
航班9點過5分起飛。
We stop working to have lunch at twentyfive past twelve.
= We stop working to have lunch at twelve twenty-five.
我們在12點25分停止工作來吃午飯。
需要注意的是,當分鐘數(shù)為15或30分鐘時,除了使用基數(shù)詞“fifteen”“thirty”外,還可以借助“quarter”或“half”進行表達。如:2:15可以表達為:fifteen past two=a quarter past two= two fifteen;6:30可以表達為:half past six=six thirty。例如:
下一班火車會在凌晨兩點過15分離開。
The next train leaves at a quarter past two in the morning.
=The next train leaves at fifteen past two in the morning
=The next train leaves at two fifteen in the morning.
我3點半有一個重要的會議。
I have an important meeting at half past three.
=Ihaveanimportantmeetingatthreethirty.
(2)若分鐘數(shù)大于30分鐘,通常需要使用介詞“to”以連接,即“用60分鐘減去該分鐘數(shù)+ to+下一個時刻的小時”,可以意為“幾點差幾分”。如:9:55,即“10點差5分”,故可以表達為:five to ten= nine fifty-five。當分鐘數(shù)為45分鐘時,還可以用“quarter”替換“fifteen”。例如:
這名男子十一點差五分(10點55分)時離開汽車進入大樓。
The man left his car and entered the building at five to eleven.
= The man left his car and entered the building at ten fifty-five.
我們8點差10分(7點50)吃早飯。
We have breakfast at ten to eight.
= We have breakfast at seven fifty.
在12點差2分(11點58)時,大鐘突然停止不動。
At two to twelve, the clock suddenly stopped.
=At eleven fifty-eight, the clock suddenly stopped.
他們通常5點45分放學。
They usually finish school at quarter to six.
=Theyusuallyfinishschoolatfifteentosix.
= They usually finish school at five fortyfive.