吳新桂
名詞詞義辨析是每年中考必考內(nèi)容,主要考查同類名詞詞義辨析及不同類名詞詞義辨析。解答此類問題的關(guān)鍵是根據(jù)語境的邏輯關(guān)系把易混名詞辨別清楚。下面精選幾組中考中常出現(xiàn)且易混的名詞進(jìn)行辨析,供同學(xué)們參考。
1. suggestion, advice
辨析:suggestion是可數(shù)名詞,表示“意見,建議,提議”,特指為了改進(jìn)或解決某一問題而提出建議、辦法等,但不一定正確,僅供參考。在這一含義上,它和opinion同義,但比opinion正式。語氣比advice客氣、委婉。多用作可數(shù)名詞,常和介詞about, as to, at, on, by, with等搭配。如:
This trip was made at his teacher’s suggestion.
這次旅行是由他的老師建議組織的。
By her mother’s suggestion the contribution was raised.
根據(jù)她媽媽的建議發(fā)起了募捐。
表示“一條建議”用a suggestion,“一些建議”是some suggestions,“許多建議”是many suggestions。如:
I have some suggestions to submit. 我有幾個(gè)建議要提出。
與suggestion經(jīng)常連用的詞組和短語有:
accept a suggestion...接受……提出的建議;adopt a suggestion采納建議;advance the suggestion that提出……的建議;carry a suggestion of...使人想起……,給人以……的聯(lián)想;follow out suggestion貫徹建議;take the suggestion into consideration考慮這個(gè)建議;throw away a suggestion拋棄一項(xiàng)建議;volunteer suggestions on...對……主動提出建議;at(on)sb.’s suggestion按照某人的建議;at(on)the suggestion of...在……的建議下,按照……的建議;by sb.’s suggestion根據(jù)某人的建議;be full of suggestions充滿了暗示,含義深遠(yuǎn);act on sb.’s suggestion按照某人的建議行事。
advice表示“忠告,意見,指點(diǎn)”,是指具有豐富的知識,足夠的經(jīng)驗(yàn),正確的判斷力和明智的觀點(diǎn)的人對另一個(gè)人的“勸告”或“見解”,既可以是對于嚴(yán)肅的事物,也可以對瑣碎事情提出意見。advice經(jīng)常帶有客觀性質(zhì),在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中,凡是與自己沒有關(guān)系,完全是為了對方而提出的意見或建議都可用advice。
advice是不可數(shù)名詞,表示“一條建議”是a piece of advice,“一些建議”是some advice。如:
On the doctor’s advice her mother is staying in bed.
她的媽媽遵醫(yī)囑臥床休息。
You must act with advice at present.
目前,你一定要謹(jǐn)慎行事。
advice常和介詞against, at, by, for, of, on, to, about, with等搭配。如:
My advice to you is that you should treat your wife with more consideration.
我給你的忠告是你要多體貼妻子。
It was only by my advice that she had given up the idea.
在我的勸導(dǎo)下她才放棄了這個(gè)念頭。
2. people, person, man
辨析:people表示“人,人們”時(shí)是集體名詞,表復(fù)數(shù)概念,不能表示“一個(gè)人”。只有當(dāng)表示兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人時(shí)才可用people,如two people意為“兩個(gè)人”。people還可以表示“民族”,此時(shí)有單、復(fù)數(shù)之分,one people 意為“一個(gè)民族”, two peoples意為“兩個(gè)民族”。
person是個(gè)體名詞,它泛指man, woman或child中的任何一個(gè),其復(fù)數(shù)形式是persons。
man意為“男人”,與woman相對,其復(fù)數(shù)形式為men;man也可表示“人,人類”,此時(shí)man用作單數(shù)名詞,且不加冠詞。如:
This hall is spacious enough to hold at least 1000 people.
這個(gè)大廳足夠?qū)挸?,至少可以容納1000人。
We all know that there are 56 peoples in China.
我們都知道中國有56個(gè)民族。
Who is the youngest person in your class?
你們班里年齡最小的人是誰?
Men and women are equal. 男女平等。
The chick initially has no fear of man. 小雞最初不怕人。