楊慶春
should意為“應(yīng)該;應(yīng)當(dāng)”, should的否定形式為should not,縮寫形式為shouldn’t。作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should與其他的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一樣,可用于各種人稱,不隨主語(yǔ)人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化而變化,且后面與動(dòng)詞原形搭配使用。
一、should的基本句式
1. 肯定句:主語(yǔ) + should + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他成分
I should say sorry. 我應(yīng)該說對(duì)不起。
They should eat a lot of vegetables. 他們應(yīng)該吃大量的蔬菜。
“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”是句子的整個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞部分。
2. 否定句:主語(yǔ) + should? +? not + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他成分
You shouldn’t smoke in the hospital. 你不應(yīng)該在醫(yī)院里抽煙。
You shouldn’t eat anything now. 現(xiàn)在你不應(yīng)該吃任何東西。
3. 一般疑問句:should? + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他成分
肯定答語(yǔ):Yes, 主語(yǔ) + should.
否定答語(yǔ):No, 主語(yǔ) + shouldn’t.
Should I go there right now? 我應(yīng)該馬上去那里嗎?
—It’s raining hard. Should we drive slowly?
雨下得很大。我們應(yīng)該開慢點(diǎn)兒?jiǎn)幔?/p>
—Yes, we should. 是的,我們應(yīng)該這樣做。
should的一般疑問句是將should提到主語(yǔ)之前,且首字母大寫。后面的句子按照一般陳述句的語(yǔ)序接在should的后面,并且把句號(hào)改為問號(hào)。
4. 特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞 + should引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句
What should I do? 我應(yīng)該做什么?
How long should I do it? 我應(yīng)該做多久?
5. 反意疑問句:陳述句 + 簡(jiǎn)單的疑問句
We should try to save water, shouldn’t we?
我們應(yīng)該節(jié)約用水,不是嗎?
He had been to Japan for several times, and he should be in Tokyo now, shouldn’t he? 他去過日本幾次了,他現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該在東京,不是嗎?
含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞ought to的反意疑問句,陳述部分是肯定的,疑問部分用shouldn’t / oughtn’t + 主語(yǔ)。
We ought to help each other, oughtn’t / shouldn’t we?
我們應(yīng)該互相幫助,不是嗎?
拓展:一些經(jīng)常用來(lái)提建議或征求對(duì)方意見的句型:
Let’s go and listen to the music, shall we? 讓我們?nèi)ヂ犚魳?,好嗎?/p>
Let us wait for you in the reading?room, will you? 我們?cè)陂営[室等你,好嗎?
注意:Let’s開頭的祈使句,后用shall we;Let us開頭的祈使句,后用will you。
二、should的幾種用法
1. should在肯定句中,用于第一人稱時(shí)可以表示說話人的一種謙遜、客氣、委婉的語(yǔ)氣。在一般疑問句中用來(lái)征求意見、提供幫助或請(qǐng)求指示等。
You are mistaken, I should say. 依我看,你是搞錯(cuò)了。
Should I help you clean the bedroom? 要不要我?guī)湍愦驋吲P室?
Should I finish my homework first? 我應(yīng)該先完成作業(yè)嗎?
2. 表示勸告或者建議,此時(shí)相當(dāng)于had better,意為“應(yīng)該”。
You should lie down and have a rest. 你應(yīng)該躺下休息一會(huì)兒。
=You’d better lie down and have a rest.
We should study hard. 我們應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。
You shouldn’t smoke here. 你不應(yīng)該在這里抽煙。
注意:should, ought to可通用,但在疑問句中常用should。
You should / ought to go to class right away. 你應(yīng)該馬上去上課。
3. 表示義務(wù)、責(zé)任。
As a student, you should work hard. 作為一名學(xué)生,你應(yīng)當(dāng)努力學(xué)習(xí)。
You should take good care of your parents. 你應(yīng)該照顧好你的父母。
You should listen to the teacher carefully in class.
在課堂上,你應(yīng)該認(rèn)真聽老師講課。
4.表示推測(cè)、推論。
He should be here soon. He is usually on the time.
他應(yīng)該很快到,他一向很準(zhǔn)時(shí)的。
5.表示某種感情色彩,如驚訝、憤怒、失望等。
Why should I go? 我干嗎要去?
Why should I know? 我怎么會(huì)知道?
專項(xiàng)練習(xí):
1. (2022·江蘇·鎮(zhèn)江) —I don’t care what Kate thinks.
—Well, you . Her suggestions are of some value.
A. would ? ? B. should ? ? ? ? C. might? ? ? D. could
2. (2022·江蘇·常州) To achieve our dream, we rest on what we have done.
A. may not? ? ? B. should not? ? C. need not? ? D. could not
3.(2021·湖北·武漢)—Only ten tickets? What do you mean? There be twelve.
—Sorry, Linda. Jacky and Tim took two tickets away.
A. should? ? ? ? ? ? B. will? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? C. can? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. may
4. (2021·甘肅·武威)We try our best to fight against pollution.
A. should B. may ? C. mustn’t D. needn’t
5. (2020·湖北·武漢) —I don’t care what people think.
—Well, you . Some opinions are worth weighing.
A. might? ? ? ? ? B. should ? C. could ? ? D. would