TheDevelopmentTrendofPrimary-levelDemocracyand

Primary-levelGovernanceFromthePerspectiveof

theWhole-processDemocracy
RenZhong-ping

Abstract： In his speech celebrating the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, Xi Jinping clearly put forward the new important thesis of “developing the whole-process people’s democracy”, which provide practical compliance and theoretical guidance for deepening the Construction of socialist democracy. In the new era of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, it is urgent to examine the current practice and development trend of primary-level democracy and primary-level governance in China from the perspective of the whole-process democracy. According to this requirement, there are three aspects of the development trend of primary-level democracy and primary-level governance: first, in accordance with the logic of democracy, connecting the parts of “four democracies” practice and achieving the balanced development of the “four democracies” practice; second, according to the actual content of democracy, unifying democracy and people’s livelihood, promoting the integration process of democracy and people’s livelihood; third, based on the form of realization of democracy, combining democracy and governance, complementing electoral democracy with consultative democracy. In the process of promoting the whole-process democracy, there are a series of new contradictions and problems that need to be gradually handled and resolved in future practice.

Keywords: Whole-process Democracy; Primary-level Democracy; Primary-level Governance; Electoral Democracy; Deliberative Democracy; Development Trend

“CombinedwithChina’sExcellentTraditionalCulture”:

TheNewUnderstandingontheHistoricalPracticeof

theLocalizationofMarxisminChina
QiWei-ping

Abstract： The basic principles of Marxism combined with China’s excellent traditional culture is the new conclusion from the practice of promoting the localization of Marxism in the new era, and embodies the new understanding of the CPC Central Committee. The logic of ideological development from “one combination” to “two combinations” is that: organic integration of combining the basic principles of Marxism with China’s specific reality and China’s excellent traditional culture. In the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, Xi Jinping’s series of important expositions on inheriting and carrying forward China’s excellent traditional culture lay the ideological foundation for putting forward the great conclusion that combing the basic principles of Marxism with China’s excellent traditional culture and have vivid values for now. The “one combination” can only be realized by the “two combination”. The new era puts forward new requirements for practice, it is necessary to do a good job in combining the basic principles of Marxism with excellent traditional culture for promoting the new development of the practice of the localization of Marxism in China.

Keywords: Historical Resolutions; Localization of Marxism in China; “Two Combinations”; China’s Excellent Traditional Culture; Time Values

FromSacredCommunitytoDigitalCommunity:

TheDevelopmentDilemmaofSocialTheoryintheDigitalAge
DongJin-ping

Abstract： Social theories are products of modern society. There were no social theories in ancient world as family community and faith-based city-state community left no room for the social existence of rational individuals. The free individuals got rid of bonds of blood and faith relations after the Industrial Revolution and did not form an abstract union but a labor functional division society described by Durkheim and Elias with functional individuals, which is the background that classical social theory was born. But this combination of functional individuals eventually formed an iron-cage bureaucracy style. Habermas, the second generation of Frankfurt School, advocated inter-subjective communicative rationality, which established a public space and provided the basis for the ethics of dialogue and rational negotiation. However, in the digital age, this rational self-determined individual is gradually dying out under digital monitoring and infiltration, thus today’s theorists need to reconstruct a social theory that belongs to the digital age and to reshape social hope for people on the basis of digital community.

Keywords: Digital Age; Social Theory; Sacred Community; Digital Community

DigitalAssessmentofOfficials:ANewPathto

OrganizationInternalIncentive
LiYuan-zhenLvDe-wen

Abstract： How to realize the accurate assessment of public servants is a long-term concern of theoretical and practical circles. Within public organizations, the lack of accurate individual assessment results in low efficiency of organizational operation and the prevalence of the “80/20 Rule”. In the context of digital government construction, local governments have begun to build platforms for digital assessment of officials. By field research, this study found that the “officials Combat Effectiveness Index” assessment embedded in the intelligent office system can accurately achieve the cadre digital portraits. This method presents the features of standard refinement, subject intellectualization, object precision, mode real time, results application closed loop, which greatly activate the incentive mechanism of organization, mobilize the enthusiasm of officials achieve the integrated operation of personnel power, and also cause hidden concerns such as cognitive bias in index design and technical anti-control of assessment object, however. How to make use of digital assessment to realize individual performance evaluation and avoid falling into the cage of technical rationality as far as possible is still an unfinished road to perfect the officials’ performance evaluation scheme.

Keywords: Digital assessment; Assessment of Officials; Performance Evaluation; Technology Governance; Organizational Incentive

ThePrimary-levelCreationandChangeofSpatialDistributionofPublicServiceSupply:ACaseStudyofPudongNewArea,Shanghai
LIJin-feng

Abstract:Public Service is a remedy and compensation for the unfair primary distribution of the economic development, but there are differences in the degree of openness, integration and coordination of public service supply, and the supply itself faces the problem of unequal distribution as well. For residents, to achieve the equalization of public services, we need to make public services accessible and achievable; for service suppliers, tit is necessary to improve the macroeconomic regulation and allocate resources in a reasonable way. Both need to consider the spatial distribution of public service equalization from the perspective of "community life circle" , and improve its openness, self-sufficiency and sharing and enhance the cohesion of the community and people’s well-being. The service system of "Near The Home" in Pudong New Area explores the path to realize the equalization and accessibility of public services at the primary level. Starting with the construction of "public service space" of the residence, the service station of "Home Entrance" has become the core, including the construction of "Open Space" , "Self-sufficient Space" and "Shared Space" which form the "layer" structure of basic public service supply.

Keywords:Public Service; Pudong New Area; Equalization of Public Services; Community Life Circle; Spatial Distribution; “Near The Home” Service System

TowardsActivism:ConstructingaPolicyAnalysisParadigm

inRiskSociety
XiangYu-qiong

Abstract： The policy analysis paradigm is a policy construction framework that changes with the change of social and historical contexts. The positivist policy analysis paradigm is dominant in industrial society. Although it was shaken up by the post-positivist paradigm after the 1960s, the rational design features in policy analysis have not been weakened, and its foundation has been firm. The risk society fundamentally questioned the positivist policy analysis paradigm and promoted the formation of a third one--the activism paradigm. The activism policy analysis paradigm denies demarcation-style analytic policy analysis, integrates the two themes of democracy and science, synthesizes technical rationality and empirical knowledge, emphasizes problem situations and immediate actions, and reshapes the relationship between institutions and actions. In general, activism critically develops the positivist paradigm from both horizontal knowledge systems and vertical policy processes, and advocates cooperative actions to respond to the risk society.

Keywords: Risk Society; Policy Analysis; Positivism; Activism