薛 霞

（內(nèi)蒙古科技大學(xué)，內(nèi)蒙古 包頭 014010）

大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試，即CET-4，College English Test Band4的縮寫，是由教育部高等教育司主持的全國(guó)性英語考試?？荚嚨闹饕獙?duì)象是根據(jù)教育大綱修完大學(xué)英語四級(jí)的在校?？粕?、本科生或研究生。大學(xué)英語四級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試自1986年末開始籌備，1987年正式實(shí)施，目的是對(duì)大學(xué)生的英語能力進(jìn)行客觀、準(zhǔn)確的測(cè)評(píng)，進(jìn)而為我國(guó)大學(xué)英語課程的教學(xué)質(zhì)量服務(wù)。四級(jí)考試考核學(xué)生英語綜合應(yīng)用能力，包括聽力理解，閱讀理解，寫作和翻譯，其中寫作占總成績(jī)的15%。這部分要求學(xué)生在三十分鐘內(nèi)完成不少于120詞的短文，結(jié)構(gòu)合理，內(nèi)容切題，語言通順。那么如何在寫作中拿到高分？

1 歷年四級(jí)寫作題目中的高頻詞

分析2014-2020年的四級(jí)寫作題目，作文題的提示形式包括提綱，情景，圖畫等。正確理解題意和緊扣主題是關(guān)鍵。拿到作文題目后不急于動(dòng)筆寫，閱讀題目要求，確定要寫的內(nèi)容；一旦跑題，則無論句式多么豐富，辭藻多么華麗，作文的分?jǐn)?shù)也不可能是高分。同時(shí)牢固掌握challenge,course,impress/impression,college,state,cite,illustrate/illustration,describe/description,comment,importance,express/expression,option,explain/explanation,suppose,contact,advertise/advertisement,handle,develop/development,graduate,elaborate,give an account of,recommend/recommendation,change,transport/transportation,volunteer,reason等作文提示詞匯。

2 寫作步驟

一篇四級(jí)作文至少應(yīng)該分為三段，分別為開頭、主體和結(jié)尾。無論什么題材的作文都可運(yùn)用三段式，總—分—總完成。第一段開門見山，引出話題；可以由It is universally acknowledged that...;It is well-known to us that...;Recently there is a growing concern over...等引出，且在第一段結(jié)尾處表明個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)或?qū)懽饕鈭D，承上啟下，為第二段做鋪墊。第一段一般不宜過長(zhǎng)，3-4句即可。第二段是主體，可分三層來寫，用in the first place;in the second place及l(fā)ast but not the least分別表述，層次分明，結(jié)構(gòu)清晰。此段的內(nèi)容可以舉例、引用、假設(shè)等方法進(jìn)一步論證個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)。最后一段以to sum up...;from what has been discussed above...;only when we take immediate and effective measures to solve the present problem can we...等開頭，三個(gè)句子左右總結(jié)上面內(nèi)容并升華主題。

3 寫作技巧

首先，寫作中，要想拿到高分就應(yīng)恰到好處的高級(jí)詞匯。平時(shí)有一定的詞匯積累量，不僅能認(rèn)識(shí)，而且要能靈活準(zhǔn)確的運(yùn)用。這些常用詞或詞組可用高級(jí)詞匯代替。

and as well;what is more,together with for example take sth for example/for instance important of great importance/essential however/but nevertheless many a great number of much a multitude of in order to for the purpose of/with the intent to because in that so hence,therefore,thus about in regard to use make use of

good satisfying/marvelous/pleasing bad defective/imperfect now at present/at the moment recently in recent days/to date believe hold a firm belief I think...asfarasIamconcerned/asIseeit/frommypointofview like take delight in people human beings/individuals have possess/contain meet come across need In need of can be capable of help give assistance to make create in fact as a matter of fact

其次，英語是形合語言，指的是靠形式聯(lián)合。比如英語中的句子必須使用連詞或者關(guān)系詞來連接，從而表達(dá)句子間的邏輯關(guān)系。運(yùn)用連詞或者關(guān)系詞也變簡(jiǎn)單句為復(fù)合句。例如：I like Baotou.It has beautiful weather and tasty food.（兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句）可轉(zhuǎn)換為：I like Baotou and it has beautiful weather and tasty food.或I like Baotou because it has beautiful weather and tasty food.或者As Baotou has beautiful weather and tasty food,I like Baotou.

再次，句式多樣復(fù)雜可通過變化主語及使用從句實(shí)現(xiàn)。靈活變化主語可用動(dòng)名詞，動(dòng)詞不定式，形式主語，主語從句等。例如整段句子的主語都是他。He has difficulty in learning English well.這句話可表述為以下幾種：Learning English well is difficult for him.To Learn English well is difficult for him.It is difficult for him to learn English well.What is difficult for him is learning English well.同時(shí)，通過使用不同從句使句子復(fù)雜化。例如：I like Baotou because it has beautiful weather and tasty food.可轉(zhuǎn)換為Baotou,which has beautiful weather and tasty food,is liked by me.

最后，在寫作中，主題句是概括段落主要思想的句子。通常是段落中的第一句話，有時(shí)也放到句末。它組織整個(gè)段落，也被認(rèn)為主要思想，即作者對(duì)該主題的立場(chǎng)。英文寫作中每一段要有主題句。以2014年6月份的四級(jí)寫作題目為例：Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your hometown,what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why?這個(gè)題目的第二段可寫選擇參觀某地的原因，因此可寫There are several reasons why I want him/her to see this place為主題句，接著分別寫出具體原因。

總而言之，寫作需要反復(fù)練習(xí)?？吹筋}目，先要細(xì)心審題，弄清題意，掌握所要表達(dá)的要點(diǎn)，做到心中有數(shù)，避免隨心所欲，文不對(duì)題。理順要點(diǎn)，構(gòu)思框架，然后下筆。過程中，注意寫作技巧，選擇高級(jí)詞匯，句式多樣且有難度，使用信號(hào)詞和關(guān)系詞使文章邏輯通順，渾然一體。記得每段還要有主題句，完筆之后，默讀1～2遍，檢查修改。平時(shí)多積累多學(xué)習(xí)各種寫作技能，才能有效提升自己的四級(jí)寫作能力。