廣東 張 燕

Speaking at the opening ceremony of the 25th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP 25) in Madrid, Spain,UN Secretary General António Guterres issued an urgent warning about the deepening climate crisis. He said that our planet was nearing“the point of no return”and that all countries should take even more active measures to limit greenhouse gas emissions.

It has been six years sinceThe Paris Agreementwent into effect in November 2016,but making the climate deal actually operational has proven to be a tough problem. With varying preferences and conditions,it is difficult to provide an accurate assessment and evaluation of the effectiveness of climate policies.Thus,it is not surprising that it remains a major concern as to how to provide the financial and technical assistance needed to help poorer nations to deal with the impacts of climate change and pursue low-carbon development.

Although climate change is an issue needing a global solution,challenges like the freerider problem may discourage international cooperation. The effects of climate change vary in different parts of the world. But the benefits of climate policies are diffused (散布的),leading to some countries not sharing the costs, only enjoying the fruits of others' efforts.Moreover, in recent years, the world economy has been affected by several issues such as sluggish（緩慢的）trade and investment flows, as well as monetary loosening by central banks around the world. As a result, the desire for international cooperation on climate change action has been badly reduced.

However, the international community is pushing forward with negotiations in a cooperative and practical way to make positive progress in puttingThe Paris Agreementinto operation and open a new chapter in global climate governance.

Activity A Reading for understanding

Ⅰ.Text-centered chunks

climate crisis 氣候危機(jī)

opening ceremony 開幕式

urgent warning 緊急警報(bào)

go into effect 生效

prove to be 結(jié)果是；證明為

push forward 推進(jìn)

Ⅱ.Text-centered sentences

一、介詞短語(yǔ)

With varying preferences and conditions, it is difficult to provide an accurate assessment and evaluation of the effectiveness of climate policies. 由于偏好和條件的不同，人們很難對(duì)氣候政策的有效性進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的評(píng)估和評(píng)價(jià)。

【點(diǎn)石成金】With varying preferences and conditions 意為“由于偏好和條件的不同”，表原因。

【運(yùn)用遷移】這么多孩子在說(shuō)說(shuō)笑笑，我無(wú)法靜下心來(lái)工作。

二、形式主語(yǔ)

Thus, it is not surprising that it remains a major concern as to how to provide the financial and technical assistance needed to help poorer nations to deal with the impacts of climate change and pursue low-carbon development.因此，如何提供所需的資金和技術(shù)援助，以幫助較貧窮的國(guó)家應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的影響，追求低碳發(fā)展，仍然是一個(gè)主要的問(wèn)題，這一點(diǎn)也不奇怪。

【點(diǎn)石成金】it is not surprising that 中的it 指代that 引導(dǎo)的從句內(nèi)容，表示“如何提供所需的資金和技術(shù)援助，以幫助較貧窮的國(guó)家應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的影響，追求低碳發(fā)展，仍然是一個(gè)主要的問(wèn)題”，為避免頭重腳輕，用it 指代后面較長(zhǎng)的真正主語(yǔ)，放在主語(yǔ)的位置。

【運(yùn)用遷移】很明顯，這一措施是有效的。

Activity B Reading for writing

假定你是李華，你校將在下周五早上舉辦一場(chǎng)關(guān)于如何解決氣候危機(jī)的演講比賽，請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)寫一篇演講稿。

1.全球氣候現(xiàn)狀；

2.分析現(xiàn)狀的形成原因；

3.你想到的措施。注意：

1.詞數(shù)80左右；

2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；

3.至少需要使用一次介詞短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)或形式主語(yǔ)。

寫作導(dǎo)引

本次的寫作任務(wù)是寫一篇分析現(xiàn)狀并提出解決措施的文章，要求學(xué)生在演講稿中分析環(huán)境現(xiàn)狀及形成原因，并提出解決措施，同時(shí)至少需要使用一次介詞短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)或形式主語(yǔ)。這些寫作要求和所給語(yǔ)篇的主題語(yǔ)境是緊密相關(guān)的。我們可以通過(guò)整合同主題閱讀材料的內(nèi)容和語(yǔ)言，梳理寫作思路和積累素材。

一、語(yǔ)篇解碼

（一）內(nèi)容分析

What is the text mainly about?

（二）宏觀結(jié)構(gòu)

Fill in the blanks according to the text.

二、素材積累

本次的寫作任務(wù)是基于同一主題的文章閱讀下的寫作，我們可以通過(guò)模仿并運(yùn)用文章中的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)，如詞塊和句型，積累寫作的語(yǔ)言素材。

（一）與氣候及環(huán)境相關(guān)的核心表達(dá)

1.solve the climate crisis 解決氣候危機(jī)2.climate change 氣候變化

3.extreme weather event 極端氣候事件4.security threat 安全威脅

5.take action to do 采取行動(dòng)做……

6.ecosystem 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)

7.renewable energy 可再生能源

（二）描述現(xiàn)狀及分析形成原因的核心表達(dá)

1.It is clear that...很明顯……

2.No one can deny the fact that...沒(méi)有人能否認(rèn)這個(gè)事實(shí)……

3.It is estimated that...據(jù)估計(jì)……

4.Reasons for...are varied.……的原因是多種多樣的。

5.The reasons can be listed as follows.原因可以列舉如下。

6.From above,we can find that the reasons why...are as follows.The primary reason,I think, is... The second reason, ... The third reason, actually, is... 從以上內(nèi)容我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)……的原因如下。我認(rèn)為最主要的原因是……第二個(gè)原因是…… 第三個(gè)原因?qū)嶋H上是……

（三）列舉解決措施的核心表達(dá)

1. There are many steps which can be taken to settle this problem. First of all, ... In addition,...Another way contributing to the success of solving this problem is...有許多方法可以解決這一問(wèn)題。首先，……；此外，……；另一種能成功地解決這一問(wèn)題的方法是……

2. We should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. 我們應(yīng)該采取一系列有效的措施來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)這種情況。

3.Not only can it...but it also...這不僅……而且……

4. The government should take effective measures to cope with the current problems.政府應(yīng)該采取有效措施來(lái)解決目前的問(wèn)題。

三、寫作支架

本次的寫作任務(wù)是寫一篇分析現(xiàn)狀及其形成原因并列舉解決措施的文章。根據(jù)寫作要求，其語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)可定為“描述現(xiàn)狀+分析形成原因+列舉解決措施”。文章的框架如下：

Good morning,my name is...It is really a great honor to have this opportunity to make a speech here.My topic is...

Recently, ...has aroused wide public concern and I'm of no exception. From my point of view,the reasons can be listed as follows.First of all,...What's more,...Furthermore,...

There are many steps which can be taken to settle this problem.First of all,...In addition,...Another way contributing to the success of solving this problem is...

四、語(yǔ)篇過(guò)手

根據(jù)以上提供的主題、主題表達(dá)和語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)，寫出演講稿。第一段點(diǎn)出主題，第二段分析現(xiàn)狀及其形成原因，第三段提出解決措施。總詞數(shù)控制在80左右。

同時(shí)，學(xué)習(xí)運(yùn)用前文閱讀材料中出現(xiàn)的介詞短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)或形式主語(yǔ)，尤其要注意表達(dá)的內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系，需要注意使用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞。