顧伊靜

在英語(yǔ)表達(dá)中，為了使語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔明了、重點(diǎn)突出或上下文緊密相連，省去某些句子成分，但又保持句子原意不變，這種語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象稱之為“省略”。省略句也是近年來(lái)各類考試中常見(jiàn)的考查內(nèi)容之一。在不破壞句子結(jié)構(gòu)和不引起歧義的基礎(chǔ)上，為了使句子更簡(jiǎn)潔，能省略的地方可盡量省略。

【考點(diǎn)一】動(dòng)詞不定式中to的省略

A. 在hear，see，watch，notice，feel，find等感官動(dòng)詞和make，have，let等使役動(dòng)詞后面，應(yīng)跟不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。若這些使役動(dòng)詞為被動(dòng)形式，則其后充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式應(yīng)帶to。如：

1. The child is crying. Please do something to make him .

A. stop to cry B. stop crying C. to? stop crying

2. I saw Tom his key in the lock，turn it and open the door.

A. put? ? ? ? B. putting? ? ? ? C. puts? ? ? ? D. to put

B. would rather，had? better，rather than等后面應(yīng)該跟不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。如：

3. — Do you prefer?basketball with me？

— No，Id? rather at home and watch? TV.

A. play；stay? ? ? ? ? ? B. to? play；to stay

C. play；to? stay? ? ? ? D. to play；stay

C. “Why? not + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他”相當(dāng)于“Why? dont? you + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他”，意思是“為什么不……”。如：

4. It is? raining? outside. Why? not an? umbrella？

A. to? take? ? ? ? ? B. take? ? ? ? ? ? C. taking

5. — I? feel upset? because? I am? too? heavy.

— do? more? exercise? to? lose? some? weight？

A. Why? dont? ? ? ? ? B. Why? not? ? ? C. Why? not? to

6. Why notyour friends? for? help? when? you? are? in? trouble.

A. ask? ? ? ? ? B. to? ask? ? ? ? C. asks? ? ? ? D. asking

【考點(diǎn)二】動(dòng)詞不定式后動(dòng)詞的省略

動(dòng)詞 like，love，want，hope，wish，seem，hate，expect，try，prefer等和be glad / pleased / delighted / happy等后面接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)，常省略與上文相同的動(dòng)詞，只保留to。如：

7. — Would? you? like? to? play? basketball? with? us? this? afternoon？

— ，but? my? mother? is? ill.

A. I dont care? ? B. Id? love to C. Of? course? ? D. My? pleasure

8. — Would? you? like? to? come? dinner? tomorrow? evening？

— .

A. Yes，its? true? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. You? really? do

C. Its? upstairs? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. Yes，Id? love? to

9. — Will? you? please? take? a? message? for? the? headmaster ？

— .

A. It? doesnt? matter? ? ? ? ? ? B. Sure. Ill? be? glad? to

C. Yes，Ill? take? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. I? can? help? you

【考點(diǎn)三】用be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞的替代省略

在一般疑問(wèn)句和反意疑問(wèn)句的簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ)中，常用be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞（do / did / have等）替代要重復(fù)的動(dòng)詞及它們后面的相關(guān)賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或其他成分。如：

10. — May? I? take? the? dog? with? me，sir？

— . Pets? are? not? allowed? to? enter? the? hall.

A. Yes， you? may? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. No，you? mustnt

C. Yes，you? can? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. No，you? neednt

11. — Is? there? any? outdoor? learning? in? your? school？

— . We? learn? ?outdoors? once? or? twice? every? month.

A. Yes，there? is? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. No，there? isnt

C. Yes，it? is? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. No，it? isnt

12. — Could? you? go? to? the? new? movie? with? me? now.

— Sorry， I . Look，its? time? for? me? to? watch? The Reader on? CCTV.

A. cant? ? ? ? B. can? ? ? ? ? C. neednt? ? ? ? D. must

13. — Jim? is? never? late? for? school， ？

— No，he? is? used? to? getting? to? school? early.

A. has? he? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. is? ?he ? ? C. hasnt? he? ? ? ? ? ?D. isnt? he

14. — Your? father? went? to? park? yesterday， ？

— Yes，he? did.

A. didnt? he? ? ? ? ? B. doesnt? he? ? ? ? C. does? he

【考點(diǎn)四】用替代詞so、not的替代省略

有時(shí)，為了避免重復(fù)前文中所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容，常用替代詞so或not 。在省略句中，so或not常與expect，fear，guess， suppose， think，do， believe，Im afraid 等連用。表示肯定時(shí)，上述動(dòng)詞多與so搭配；表示否定時(shí)，hope，guess及Im? afraid等只用 I? hope? not， I guess? not，Im? afraid? not等形式，而think，believe，suppose等可用 I think / believe / suppose? not? 或 I dont? think / believe / suppose? so兩種否定形式。如：

15. — Only those who have a lot in common can get along well.

— . Opposites sometimes attract.

A. I hope so? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. I think so

C. I dont care? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. I dont think so

16. — Your brother is taller than you.

— .

A. It doesnt matter? ? ? ? ? ? B. I think so

C. I hope so? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. Id love to

17. — The radio says it will rain next Sunday.

— . Were going for a picnic that day.

A. I hope it will? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. Im afraid not

C. I dont think so? ? ? ? ? ? D. I hope not

18. — Our? basketball? team? will? beat? theirs? and? win? the? match.

— . Your? team? is? the? best? in? our? city.

A. Im afraid not? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. I believe so

C. Of course not? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. Well done

【參考答案】 1. B 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. D 9. B 10. B

11. A 12. A 13. B 14. A 15. D 16. B 17. D 18. B

（作者單位：蘇州工業(yè)園區(qū)星瀾學(xué)校）