楊同玉
感受北極圈的冬季,最好的方式莫過(guò)于搭乘郵輪。一個(gè)冬日,我搭乘海達(dá)路德號(hào),沿著挪威漫長(zhǎng)的海岸線北上,于漫漫長(zhǎng)夜里,在地球最北段的心臟地帶,探尋北極圈最自然、最原始的一面。
郵輪從卑爾根群山環(huán)繞的海港出發(fā),到挪威的盡頭希爾科內(nèi)斯,為挪威西部海岸34個(gè)港口運(yùn)送乘客、郵包和食物。這條航線是這些偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的生命線,一百年來(lái),挪威西北海岸的居民就是依靠海達(dá)路德號(hào)與幾百公里以外的城市進(jìn)行交流和貿(mào)易。這條沿海航線也是最受歡迎的旅行線路,清新的空氣、美麗的峽灣、冰封的瀑布、巍峨的雪山、神秘的極光,最原始的自然景致把人帶入童話般的世界里。
挪威的海岸線漫長(zhǎng)而曲折,許多峽灣深入內(nèi)陸。挪威人從遠(yuǎn)古時(shí)代起就有了航海傳統(tǒng),天生具備冒險(xiǎn)的基因,宏大的船只、先進(jìn)的航海技術(shù)和英勇事跡是當(dāng)?shù)厝蓑湴恋馁Y本。弗里德持喬夫·南森是挪威一位北極探險(xiǎn)家、動(dòng)物學(xué)家和政治家。他于1893年至1896年到北極探險(xiǎn),到達(dá)當(dāng)時(shí)人類(lèi)所能到達(dá)的最高緯度——北緯86度14分。南森所表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的自信、勇氣和智慧與海達(dá)路德“前進(jìn)號(hào)”一起被載入史冊(cè)。南森儼然是挪威的一位民族英雄,在很多地方都可以見(jiàn)到他的雕像,當(dāng)?shù)剡€建有南森博物館、南森劇場(chǎng)、南森研究中心等。
特羅姆瑟是挪威北部最大的港口城市,其地理位置靠近歐洲大陸最頂端,是全世界最北城市之一,被稱(chēng)為“北極之門(mén)”。這里也是北極圈內(nèi)最大的居民聚集地,擁有世界最北端的大學(xué)、釀酒廠和教堂。盡管位于地球的最北面,溫?zé)岬哪鞲缗鲄s賜予特羅姆瑟溫暖的氣候,人們?cè)诙旌拖奶煊袡C(jī)會(huì)目睹“美麗的北極光”和“金色的午夜太陽(yáng)”兩大自然奇觀。
北角是挪威馬格爾島北端的一個(gè)海岬,霍寧斯沃格是其首府。每年數(shù)千艘船只進(jìn)入海港,帶動(dòng)了當(dāng)?shù)刭Q(mào)易的發(fā)展。北角是觀賞北極光的最佳地點(diǎn)之一。不過(guò),神奇的北極光捉摸不定,它主要是取決于太陽(yáng)表面活動(dòng)變化和當(dāng)?shù)卦茖拥暮穸?。極光降臨的那天晚上,我正在熟睡中,因此錯(cuò)過(guò)了觀賞的機(jī)會(huì),只能引用一百多年前南森對(duì)北極光的描寫(xiě):“天穹下出現(xiàn)了一片抖動(dòng)著銀光閃閃的面紗,一會(huì)兒呈黃色,一會(huì)兒呈綠色,一會(huì)兒又變成紅色,時(shí)而舒展,時(shí)而收縮,變幻無(wú)窮……”
北極之旅,我用相機(jī)記錄了諸多自然風(fēng)光和人文歷史,如同一次心靈回歸自然的旅程。鏡頭之下,寒冷已不再是生命最后的底色,生命,反而因?yàn)楹涑錆M希望。
Norway is one of the globally recognized most fascinating countries of natural wonders, and most of its territory is located in the Arctic Circle.
The best way to feel the winter in the Arctic Circle is taking a cruise. One winter day, I traveled by Hurtigruten, heading north along Norways long coastline. This coastal route is also the most popular tourist route, where the most pristine natural spectacles like fresh air, beautiful fjords, frozen waterfalls, lofty snow mountains, and mysterious auroras could take you into a fairytale world.
Fridtjof Nansen was a Norwegian arctic explorer, zoologist and politician. From 1893 to 1896, he explored the Arctic regions, and reached the highest latitude(86 degrees 14 minutes north latitude) yet attained by man. Nansens confidence, courage and wisdom, together with Hurtigrutens “MS FRAM”, have gone down in history.
Tromso is the largest port city in northern Norway. Adjoining the top of Continental Europe, it is one of the northernmost cities worldwide. Though Tromso is located in the northernmost part of the earth, the warm Gulf Stream has given it a warm climate. In winter and summer, the people there have a chance to see two natural wonders, the “Gorgeous Aurora Borealis” and the “Golden Midnight Sun”.
Nordkapp (North Cape) is a cape at the northernmost point of Mageroya, Norway, and its capital is Honningsvag, with 2,800 residents. Every year, thousands of ships may enter the seaport, stimulating the development of local trade. Nordkapp is one of the best places to enjoy the aurora borealis (northern lights). However, the miraculous aurora is unpredictable, and mainly depends on the changes in solar surface activity and the thickness of local clouds.