常玉田

大學(xué)校園里，偶爾望一眼窗外，但見巾幗繽紛，滿眼裙釵靚麗，尤其是財(cái)經(jīng)類外語(yǔ)類院校，男孩子向來(lái)是少數(shù)派。收回目光，再看一眼桌面上的幾十份英文簡(jiǎn)歷，往往卻會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)須眉為主，鮮見女生。

對(duì)，這正是本文的主題：就筆者收集資料的來(lái)源而言，英語(yǔ)專業(yè)的學(xué)生中女生比例奇高，但她們所寫的個(gè)人英文簡(jiǎn)歷中觸目皆是自稱男生的，漢譯英作業(yè)中表示女性的詞語(yǔ)，在她們筆下經(jīng)常秒變男性?？谡f(shuō)無(wú)憑，羅列一個(gè)句子的全班譯文為證：

例1. 我拿過(guò)校級(jí)女乒賽單打冠軍，現(xiàn)在是校乒乓球協(xié)會(huì)主席。

D1. I have won women’s singles table tennis match of my school， and now I take the chairman of the school-level table tennis association.

D2. I have got the first place in women’s singles table tennis of school and now I am the chairmen of the table tennis association of our school.

D3. I won the championship of women’s single table tennis in my school and now I am the chairman of the school’s table tennis club.

D4. I was the women’s singles champion of UIBE’s ping pong competition. At present I am the chairman of UIBE ping pong association.

D5. I won the women’s singles table tennis championship in our school， and now I’m the chairman of the table tennis club of our school.

D6. I had come first in women’s singles table tennis match of the school and now I am the chairman of our school’s table-tennis association

D7. I have been a champion of women’s singles table tennis in our school， and now I am the chairman of the table tennis association in our school.

D8. I have ever gotten the singles school-level table tennis champion， and now I am the chairman of our school table tennis association.

D9. I have won the championship of women’s table tennis competition in our school and currently I am the chairman of the Table Tennis Association in our school.

D10. I took the woman’s single table tennis championship of school level. And now i am the chairman of the school table tennis association.

D11. I have won the woman single gold of? the Pingpang competition on a school level and now is the chairman of? School Table Tennis Association.

D12. I was awarded the championship of our school level single table tennis competition. Now i am the chairman of our school’s table tennis association.

D13. I have ever won the women’s single championship in the school’s table tennis competition and now I’m the chairman of the school table tennis association.

D14. I once won the championship of women’s singles at the school table tennis competition and now I am the chairman of the school table tennis association.

D15. I have won the championship of school women’s table tennis competition and I’m Chairman for Ping-pong Association of school.

D16. I have won the women’s singles champion on the school women’s table tennis match， and now I’m the chairman of the school table tennis association.

D17. I have won the champion at the women’s singles table tennis match of my school and now I am the chairman of the table tennis association of my school.

這是某學(xué)期的第一次作業(yè)中的一句，共計(jì)34名學(xué)生，其中女生31人。為了敘述方便，筆者在每個(gè)版本之前用英文字母做了標(biāo)記，D表示“錯(cuò)”，C表示“差”，B表示“對(duì)”，A則表示“又對(duì)又好”。如果同一個(gè)“級(jí)別”出現(xiàn)了多個(gè)譯文，則在字母后面增加數(shù)字以示區(qū)別，同時(shí)以畫線和黑體加粗的形式提示問(wèn)題所在。所有譯文的所有細(xì)節(jié)均為學(xué)生作業(yè)的“原生態(tài)”，筆者沒(méi)有造假。

D1至D17用的都是chairman，正好占全班的一半，其共同問(wèn)題便是本文的主題：原文是“女乒賽”，主人公理當(dāng)是個(gè)女的。推測(cè)翻譯的過(guò)程，極有可能是這個(gè)樣子的：現(xiàn)在“我”是校乒乓球協(xié)會(huì)的“主席”?！爸飨钡挠⒄Z(yǔ)單詞以前背過(guò)的是chairman，于是寫下了這個(gè)單詞;也有可能是用了機(jī)器翻譯卻又懶得修改。

筆者認(rèn)為，在學(xué)校做作業(yè)或參加考試，錯(cuò)了一個(gè)詞也許只扣0.5分甚至不扣分，但在個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷、求職信、個(gè)人闡述中男女不分甚至性別倒錯(cuò)，傷害的是自己，耽誤的是自己。

與這個(gè)詞有關(guān)的語(yǔ)篇意義是：英語(yǔ)國(guó)家先后都出現(xiàn)過(guò)女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)，如今盡量避免性別歧視早已成為社會(huì)輿論和公共傳媒的主流做法。表現(xiàn)在詞語(yǔ)上，舉例來(lái)說(shuō)：postman已用letter carrier取代;newsman如今統(tǒng)稱journalist;workman要換用worker或employee之類;businessmen漸漸少見，businesspersons成了常見替代;等等。回到本文中來(lái)，一些女權(quán)主義者一提chairman這個(gè)詞就恨得牙癢癢，別人提出chairwoman來(lái)與男性平分天下，仍然有人認(rèn)為這么區(qū)分依舊是在性別歧視，于是現(xiàn)在通行chairperson或chair。

下面D18至D25以及C類和B類譯文都采用了director、president、chief等別的詞。

D18. I won the champion of table tennis in women’ singles， and now I am master of the ping-pang association in my school.

D19. I’ve ever won the school table tennis women’s singles champion. And now I am the president of the Table Tennis Association in the university.

D20. I have won the women’s single’s champion of our school’s table tennis competition and I am the director of my school’s table tennis association now.

D21. I have won the champion in the University Women’s Singles Ping-pong Match and now， I am president of our school’s Ping-pong Association.

D22. I have won the champion of women’s singles table tennis contest in my school， and now I am the president of the Table Tennis Association in my school.

D23. I won the school-level table tennis women’s singles champion. Now I am the chairwoman of school table tennis association.

D16至D23的共同問(wèn)題是won the champion，這一動(dòng)賓搭配的問(wèn)題與“獲得三好學(xué)生”譯成won the Honors Student一樣，道理敬請(qǐng)參看本刊2017年第7期“你不能就這樣get‘三好學(xué)生’”一文中對(duì)D1至D3的簡(jiǎn)評(píng)，這里僅舉一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單化的類比例子：人們可以win a championship，但若想win a champion則需要先去買彩票或進(jìn)賭場(chǎng)。

D24. I won the school Table Tennis women’s single championship and now I am the chief of the school Table Tennis Institution.

D25. In Table Tennis Championships， I have won a championship in women’s single and now take charge of president of Table Tennis Association.

D26. I had won the school-level Women’s Table Tennis Singles championship， and now is the chairwoman of our school’s table tennis club.

C1. I have won the championship of the school women’s table tennis competition and manager of school table tennis association.

C2. I won the singles championship of table tennis and now am the president of the Table Tennis Association in my school.

C3. I have won the championship of the school-level women’s singles table tennis match and am the president of the school table tennis association now.

C4. I have won the singles title in women’s singles table tennis match of school level， and now I am the president of our school’s table-tennis association.

此外，筆者就其他一些問(wèn)題稍作提示。原文是“女乒賽單打”，但D8漏譯了“女”字，D9漏譯了“單打”之意。在D11中，competition之前使用定冠詞，是說(shuō)學(xué)校總共就舉辦了一次比賽。C1的manager容易造成誤會(huì)，C2漏譯了“女子”和“校級(jí)”，等等。其他各個(gè)版本中對(duì)table、school、match等詞以黑體標(biāo)記，不是說(shuō)這些詞本身有錯(cuò)，而是說(shuō)這些詞之前應(yīng)當(dāng)有定冠詞，但學(xué)生沒(méi)有使用;現(xiàn)有的定冠詞是筆者后加上去的，以下畫線標(biāo)記。部分譯文中in our school出現(xiàn)了兩次，也已標(biāo)記出來(lái)作為提醒。尚有其他一些問(wèn)題，恕難一一解釋。

B1. I won the school table tennis women’s singles championship， and now I am the director of the Table Tennis Association of the school.

B2. I was the women’s singles table tennis champion of my college. Now I am the president of the Table Tennis Association of my university.

B3. I won the school’s women’s table tennis singles championship， and now I am the chairwoman of the school’s Table Tennis Association.

B4. I have won the championship in the women’s singles table tennis of our school， and I am President of the Table Tennis Association in our school.

這四個(gè)B類譯文，前三個(gè)若能在黑體詞之前加個(gè)定冠詞，則可秒變A類譯文，B4若能對(duì)兩個(gè)黑體部分中的任何一個(gè)做一點(diǎn)修改也是很好的。下面是對(duì)D26的系列改動(dòng)，每個(gè)版本只改一兩個(gè)地方，敬請(qǐng)仔細(xì)對(duì)比（應(yīng)當(dāng)還會(huì)有其他版本，這里只為示意）：

B5. I won school-level Women’s Table Tennis Singles championship， and now am the chairwoman of our school’s table tennis club.

B6. I won the school-level Women’s Singles Table Tennis championship， and now am the chairwoman of our school’s table tennis club.

A1. I won the women’s singles table tennis championship in a school wide game， and now am chairwoman of the school’s table tennis club.

A2. As a one-time winner of the school’s women’s singles championship for table tennis， I am now chairwoman of the school’s table tennis club.

A3. As a champion of the school’s women’s singles table tennis last year， I am now chairwoman/director/president of the table tennis club of XX School.

這是做作業(yè)，但在個(gè)人英文簡(jiǎn)歷中這種女扮男裝的現(xiàn)象同樣屢見不鮮，而個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷是英語(yǔ)專業(yè)學(xué)生一輩子中最應(yīng)該寫對(duì)的那份英文文件。最為常見的是“學(xué)生會(huì)主席”寫作chairman of the Student Union，“副主席”寫成vice-chairman。這在個(gè)人陳述中也很常見，例如：

例2. D. As chairman of student activities of Foreigh Language Dept.， I organised many activities， like New Year Gala， etc.

說(shuō)明：這是一位女生寫的，其他問(wèn)題不再展開。

下面看一個(gè)采集自個(gè)人求職信的例子：

例3. C. Job Intension： Foreign Trade Salesman

作者是位女士，黑體詞寫作Saleswoman才名實(shí)相副。

女同學(xué)擔(dān)任集體活動(dòng)組織者的情況較多，但個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷這么寫可能就是個(gè)問(wèn)題：

例4. C. Host of a training lecture and a tea party.

例5. D. I worked as an English host and interpreter of US-China summit of education in Beijing

這兩個(gè)例子中的host還是改為hostess比較好。此外順便指出：例4末尾那個(gè)句號(hào)應(yīng)當(dāng)刪掉，因?yàn)檫@不是一個(gè)句子，而例5末尾應(yīng)當(dāng)加上句號(hào)，因?yàn)檫@是一個(gè)完整句。限于篇幅，以上各例的其他問(wèn)題不再展開。

在一次不限題作文中，筆者見過(guò)一個(gè)學(xué)生寫了這么一個(gè)句子，一并提醒一下：

例6. D. … foreign spokesman Hua Chunying …

句中人物顯然是指外交部發(fā)言人之一的華春瑩，但foreign spokesman兩個(gè)詞共有兩個(gè)問(wèn)題。一是容易令人以為此人是個(gè)“外國(guó)（的）發(fā)言人”，二是本文的主題：大家都知道，華春瑩是位女士。

此外順便提醒一下：在涉外信函或電子郵件中，中國(guó)人名的英文寫法應(yīng)當(dāng)在落款位置的姓名之后加上Mr.或者M(jìn)s.字樣并放在括號(hào)里。這并不等于漢語(yǔ)中表示尊稱的“先生”或“女士”，其效用在于告訴收信人自己是男是女，便于對(duì)方回信。這是因?yàn)橛⒄Z(yǔ)信函中的抬頭往往會(huì)標(biāo)識(shí)性別，你去信時(shí)不予提示，那么對(duì)方在回復(fù)時(shí)便會(huì)為難（漢字一旦譯寫為拉丁字母形式，原本可借偏旁部首體現(xiàn)的性別特征會(huì)一并消失），容易顯得我們辦事不夠周到。