黃湘

在考場(chǎng)作文中，如何在限定的時(shí)間和字?jǐn)?shù)要求內(nèi)有效地表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)，展示英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言水平并贏得評(píng)卷老師的認(rèn)可，是考生備考書面表達(dá)時(shí)經(jīng)常遇到的難題。潤(rùn)色文章從而更好地顯示寫作水平，首先要從寫好每一個(gè)句子開始。若過(guò)多使用簡(jiǎn)單句，便削弱了句子的信息量和感染力，因此建議在寫作中盡量爭(zhēng)取寫復(fù)合句，合情合理地增加句子內(nèi)容。本文將介紹運(yùn)用“套句（sentence?pattern）+觀點(diǎn)（opinion）+適當(dāng)增加（addition）”（簡(jiǎn)稱SOA）的句子寫作思路，巧妙增加句子信息，豐富句子內(nèi)涵。

套句（sentence?pattern），是指根據(jù)寫作話題提前歸納相關(guān)高級(jí)句型。提前熟悉相關(guān)套句，避免語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，在考場(chǎng)上碰到類似話題時(shí)便可得心應(yīng)手。常考話題所涉及的套句如下：

一、表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)

in?ones?opinion，?...

from?ones?perspective，?...

as?far?as?sb?be?concerned，?...

sb?believe/?argue/?consider?that...

sb?hold?the?opinion?that...

sb?be?of?the?opinion?that...

二、建議

sb?be?supposed?to?do?sth

suggest/recommend/advise?that?sb（should）do?sth

It?is?suggested/?recommended?/advised?that?sb（should）do?sth

It?is?high?time?that?sb?should?do?sth

It?makes?sense?for?sb?to?do?sth

It?makes?a?great?difference?to?do?sth

三、贊成

sb?be?in?favour?of

sb?be?for?the?idea?that...

sb?subscribe?to?the?view?that...?.

四、反對(duì)

sb?be?opposed?to?sth

sb?be?opposed?to?the?opinion?that...

sb?be?against?the?opinion?that...

五、目的

in?order?to?do?sth

so?as?to?do?sth

in?an?effort?to?do?sth

in?an?attempt?to?do?sth

with?the?aim/purpose?of?doing?sth

六、原因

because?of，?due?to，?owing?to，?thanks?to，?as?a?result?of，?as?a?consequence?of

for?the?reason?that...

because，?since，?as

七、闡述事物事件的優(yōu)點(diǎn)

sth?enable?sb?to?do?sth

sth?provide?sb?with?a?chance?to?do?sth

sth?play?an?important?role?in...

sth?have?a?positive?impact/effect/influence?on

（with?sth，）sb?be?able?to?do?sth

八、不能夠做某事，做某事遇到困難

sb?fail?to?do?sth

sb?be?not?able?to?do?sth

sb?have?difficulty?/?trouble（in）doing?sth/?with?sth

sb?be?faced?with?the?problem?that...

sth/sb?prevent?sb?from?doing?sth

sth?make?it?impossible?for?sb?to?do?sth

It?was?difficult/challenging?for?sb?to?do?sth

觀點(diǎn)（opinion），是指根據(jù)寫作話題所提出的主要觀點(diǎn)。

適當(dāng)增加（addition），是對(duì)主要觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行聯(lián)想以及補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，從而使句子更有說(shuō)服力，更好地幫助評(píng)卷老師了解該觀點(diǎn)。適當(dāng)增加是為觀點(diǎn)服務(wù)的，可以進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明提出該觀點(diǎn)的理由、原因，或闡述該觀點(diǎn)的作用、影響等。對(duì)于同一內(nèi)容的表達(dá)，所選擇的措辭不同，顯示出的寫作水平也有所不同。因此，建議考生積累高級(jí)觀點(diǎn)詞句，應(yīng)對(duì)不同話題。例如，對(duì)于“讀書的好處”這一話題，考生能使用enrich?ones?knowledge，?broaden?ones?horizons，便可凸顯寫作水平。

觀點(diǎn)和適當(dāng)增加這兩部分內(nèi)容，通常話題相近，兩者相輔相成?？忌梢詮姆e累的素材中選擇兩個(gè)詞組，構(gòu)成符合邏輯的“觀點(diǎn)+適當(dāng)增加”，爭(zhēng)取使用復(fù)合句言簡(jiǎn)意賅地完成寫作內(nèi)容?？忌€可以運(yùn)用相關(guān)句型和語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，巧妙整合“觀點(diǎn)+適當(dāng)增加”。常用的整合方法有定語(yǔ)從句，“so?+adj.?/adv.?that”的句型，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)，狀語(yǔ)從句等。

高級(jí)觀點(diǎn)大致分為兩類：

1.?與人物成就、精神、品質(zhì)相關(guān)的觀點(diǎn)。

achieve?ones?goal

realize?ones?dream

overcome?the?difficulty

face?the?challenge/problem

equip?sb?with?knowledge?/?skills

be?equipped?with?knowledge?/?skills

devote?oneself?to

apply?what?we?have?learnt?to?practice

further?ones?academic?study

spare?no?efforts?to?do?sth

remain?calm

stay?optimistic

hold?an?optimistic?mind

fulfil?ones?responsibility

shoulder?the?responsibility?to?do?sth

make?full?preparations?for

be?fully?prepared?for

be?awarded?+?prizes

2.?活動(dòng)或事件的作用和好處

develop/enhance/improve?practical?skills

build?up?ones?confidence

shape?ones?personality

broaden?ones?horizons

enrich?ones?experience?/?knowledge

raise?the?efficiency

cultivate?ones?interest?in

arouse?ones?awareness?of

deepen/promote?ones?understanding?of

relieve?ones?burden?of

strengthen?relationship?with?sb

be?well?received

earn?great?popularity

平時(shí)積累高級(jí)觀點(diǎn)，在考場(chǎng)上便可靈活套用，提升句子檔次。以2021年新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷為例，要求考生寫一篇短文給報(bào)社投稿，內(nèi)容包括讀報(bào)的經(jīng)歷、喜愛的欄目、期待和祝福。談到“喜愛的欄目”的時(shí)候，可以適當(dāng)運(yùn)用從句闡述欄目的內(nèi)容以及喜歡該欄目的原因，高級(jí)觀點(diǎn)便可充實(shí)句子，為文章增添色彩。例如：In?my?opinion，?my?favorite?section?is?scientific?research?simply?because?the?information?provided?broadens?my?horizons?and?equips?me?with?the?updated?knowledge?about?science.

As?far?as?I?am?concerned，?I?like?the?column?where?some?inspiring?stories?of?the?youths?are?told，?in?which?case?I?am?able?to?learn?from?my?peers?and?build?up?courage?to?overcome?difficulty?in?my?study.

2021年廣州一模，考生就主題為“勞動(dòng)創(chuàng)造美好生活”的生活技能云端展示活動(dòng)寫一篇報(bào)道，內(nèi)容包括：活動(dòng)主題、展示內(nèi)容（烹飪、急救等）以及活動(dòng)反響。關(guān)于“活動(dòng)主題”和“活動(dòng)反響”，題目并沒(méi)有給出具體的寫作信息，而“展示內(nèi)容”部分，題目也僅提供了關(guān)鍵詞作為參考，考生必須自行聯(lián)想發(fā)揮，才可以充實(shí)文章。

對(duì)于“活動(dòng)反響”，套句部分可在“闡述事物的優(yōu)點(diǎn)”中選用，如sth?enable?sb?to?do，?sth?provide?sb?with?a?chance?to?do等。觀點(diǎn)和適當(dāng)增加部分均可在“活動(dòng)或事件的作用和好處”選取，如enrich?ones?knowledge，?arouse?ones?interest?in，?arouse?ones?awareness?of等。該部分內(nèi)容套用SOA公式，可整合如下：

（1）The?activity，?which?has?earned?great?popularity?among?students?（適當(dāng)增加），?has?enables?students?to?enrich?their?knowledge?and?improve?practical?skills?（套句+觀點(diǎn)）.

（2）The?great?event?has?a?great?impact?on?students?life（套句+適當(dāng)增加），?since?students?are?able?to?arouse?their?awareness?of?acquiring?hands-on?skills.?（套句+觀點(diǎn)）

“活動(dòng)主題”：With?the?aim?of?enhancing?students?life?skills?（套句+觀點(diǎn)），?a?meaningful?event?themed“Work?Creates?a?Better?Life”was?held?online?in?our?school?last?week.

“展示內(nèi)容”：A?chief?cook?was?invited?to?share?with?us?cooking?skills，?which?cultivated?students?interest?in?preparing?delicious?food?in?their?daily?life.（觀點(diǎn)+適當(dāng)增加）

The?first?aid?activity?was?so?impressive?that?（套句+適當(dāng)增加）students?were?provided?with?a?chance?to?perform?first?aid?under?the?guidance?of?the?doctors.（套句+觀點(diǎn)）

Senior?doctors?were?invited?to?give?lectures?on?how?to?conduct?first?aid?in?the?emergency，?allowing?students?to?pay?more?attention?to?life?skills?in?their?daily?life.（套句+觀點(diǎn)+適當(dāng)增加）

再以2021年八省聯(lián)考為例，李華準(zhǔn)備參加學(xué)校組織的英文詩(shī)朗誦比賽，寫信給外教求助。其中，“請(qǐng)求外教推薦英文詩(shī)”部分可以這樣表達(dá)：I?wonder?if?you?can?recommend?me?some?English?poems，?in?which?case?I?am?able?to?make?full?preparations?for?the?coming?contest.（套句+觀點(diǎn)+適當(dāng)增加）

SOA也可以運(yùn)用在2020年高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷書面表達(dá)：以身邊值得尊敬和愛戴的人為題寫一篇短文，內(nèi)容包括人物簡(jiǎn)介和尊敬和愛戴的原因。考生選定人物后，便可在腦海里搜索積累中的素材，篩選出符合該人物的高級(jí)觀點(diǎn)。例如，考生介紹抗擊新冠病毒的英雄人物鐘南山院士，與介紹鐘院士匹配的觀點(diǎn)可以有：shoulder?ones?responsibility，?overcome?the?difficulty，?face?the?challenge/problem，?spare?no?efforts?to?do?sth?，?be?equipped?with?knowledge?/?skills，?devote?oneself?to，?apply?what?we?have?learnt?to?practice，?spare?no?efforts?to?do?sth等。整理了符合該文的觀點(diǎn)素材后，便可以結(jié)合套句充實(shí)每一個(gè)句子。

From?my?perspective，?the?great?man?deserving?my?respect?is?Doctor?Zhong?Nanshan，?who?devotes?all?his?effort?to?saving?peoples?life?in?the?face?of?COVID-19.

I?admire?him?for?the?simple?reason?that?he?spares?no?effort?to?overcome?the?difficulty，?which?sets?us?a?good?example?of?shouldering?social?responsibility.?Equipped?with?professional?medical?knowledge，?he?applies?what?he?has?learnt?to?practice?and?achieves?great?success?in?the?battle?against?the?disease.

有了SOA的句子寫作意識(shí)，在寫作時(shí)便可以靈活使用該公式，快速寫出一個(gè)句式優(yōu)美、內(nèi)容充實(shí)的句子。若偶爾遇到比較陌生的話題，臨場(chǎng)發(fā)揮沒(méi)有想出很好的高級(jí)觀點(diǎn)，也有積累的套句以及整合“觀點(diǎn)+適當(dāng)增加”的句型和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)可以派上用場(chǎng)，句子依然會(huì)有亮點(diǎn)。此外，考生還聯(lián)想課本相關(guān)話題素材，并有機(jī)結(jié)合曾經(jīng)寫作的文章，不斷積累不同話題的套句和觀點(diǎn)。在練習(xí)中多運(yùn)用SOA原則，便能熟能生巧，避免文章空洞、觀點(diǎn)膚淺，展示寫作水平。

責(zé)任編輯 蔣小青