“雅思寫作詞匯”系列里,老雅已經指出,雅思寫作(即使高分段寫作)并不需要特別高端的單詞。老雅的基本觀點是:如果能準確使用4500左右的單詞,就能達到寫作7分的詞匯標準。本次專欄,老雅將具體介紹萬能的雅思寫作高分詞匯(本專欄接下來3期文章將陸續(xù)介紹更多萬能高分詞匯,請讀者繼續(xù)關注)。需要說明的是,所謂“萬能”,是指這些單詞可以在多數(shù)題材中用到,因此考生既可以為了意思表達需要使用這些單詞,也可以為了使用這些單詞而調整需要表達的意思。
萬能詞匯:available
available是一個非常有用的高端寫作單詞,其基本意思是“可以獲得的;可以使用的;有效的”。比如:
Doyouhave a room available?你們有空房間嗎?
You will be informed when the book becomes available.那本書一到就通知你。
There were no tickets available for Fridays performance.周五的演出已經沒有票賣了。
The goal is to make higher education available to everyone who is willing and capable regardless of his financial situation.目標是讓每個有意愿有能力的人都可獲得高等教育,無論他的經濟狀況如何。
在《劍橋雅思》的一篇關于交通類題材的官方范文中有這么一句:
However,traffic congestion will not be solved by changing the type of private vehicle people can use.To do this.we need to improve the choice of public transport services available to travelers.然而,改變人們能夠使用的私人交通工具并不能解決交通阻塞問題。為了解決這個問題,我們需要提高可供人們選乘的公共交通服務。
在這個句子中,“…we need to improve the choice of public transport services available to travelers”完全可以改寫為“…we need to improve the choice of public transport services that can be used by travelers”,但這樣一來,詞匯的幅度就顯得不足了。以下我們再看老雅原創(chuàng)的雅思真題高分范文中的兩個句子。
Meanwhile,cities and towns built centuries ago do not have enough entertainment and sports facilities available to contemporary city dwellers who,relieved of the manual labor by the technological advances,suddenly find they have a great amount of free time.同時,由于技術的發(fā)展,當代城市居民已經從手工勞作中解脫出來,他們突然發(fā)現(xiàn)自己有大量空閑時間,但是數(shù)世紀前修建的城鎮(zhèn)卻沒有足夠的娛樂和體育設施供他們使用。(2016/11/3,舊城市帶來的問題)
We live in an age of electronic communication,and the Internet helps us in a lot of ways.Yet the fact that we have computers and smartphones readily available does not mean that we do not need face-to-face communication any more.我們生活在電子通信時代,互聯(lián)網在很多方面為我們提供幫助。然而,我們可以隨時使用電腦和智能手機這一事實并不意味著我們不再需要面對面的交流。(2018/4/21,網絡交流取代面對面交流是好還是壞?)
萬能詞匯:specific
specific使用也比較廣泛,其基本含義是“特定的;具體的”,經常用于短語“to be more specific”,意思為“說得更具體點”。比如:
There are several specific problems to be dealt with.有幾個具體問題需要解決。
She declined to give more specific reasons for the separation.她拒絕給出更確切的分手原因。
He is a teenager.To be more specific,he is fifteen now.他有十多歲,說得更具體點,他現(xiàn)在15歲。
以下我們看specific在老雅范文中是如何使用的。
Undoubtedly,many people may benefit from the practice.To be more specific,in a country where the government pays the tuition,all people,especially those from poverty-stricken areas,are entitled to the equal access to highereducation regardless of their background.毫無疑問,這個做法會讓很多人獲益。說得更具體些,如果一個國家由政府來支付學費,那么所有人(尤其是那些來自貧困地區(qū)的人)都能獲得相同的高等教育機會,無論其背景如何。(2013/8/17,政府支付學費的利弊)
Yet one issue is still in debate:to whom should the money of charity organisations go,exclusively to people who live in the same country as the organisations,or to all people regardless of where they live? To my mind,the answer to this question depends largely on the mission of specific charity organisations.然而,有一個問題仍在爭論中:慈善組織的錢到底該用在誰身上,應該用于與機構同一國家的人呢,還是用于所有人,不管他們生活在哪里?在我看來,這個問題的答案在很大程度上取決于特定慈善組織的使命。(201 6/8/20,慈善機構應該只幫助本國人嗎?)
A city designed on the basis of clearly-defined functional areas can make our life a lot easier and more efficient.When we want to buy a specific model of computer,for example,we can simply visit the citys hi-tech market without having to rummage every corner of the city.一個以明確功能分區(qū)為基礎而設計的城市能使我們的生活輕松和有效得多。比如,當我們想買一臺特定型號的計算機,我們可以訪問城市的高科技市場,而沒有必要搜尋城市的每個角落。(2018/7/27,城市功能分區(qū)好嗎?)
萬能詞匯:alternative
alternative絕對是一個萬能單詞,可作形容詞,表示“另外的,其他的,可用來替換的”,也可以作名詞,表示“另一個選擇”。比如:
Im awfully sorry,meres no alternative but to sell me car.真的很抱歉,我沒有其他辦法只能賣汽車了。
Everyone will accept computers,because there is no alternative.我們都會接受電腦,因為別無選擇。
Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family background.在美國,在競爭中勝出常被看作可以替代基于家庭背景的社會地位。
在《劍橋雅思》一篇關于“開車優(yōu)劣勢”的高分范文中有這么一句:Long-distance train and coach services should be made attractive and afrordablealternatives to driving your own cars for long journeys.本句中的alternative用作名詞,全句的意思為:應該讓長途火車和客車既有吸引力,價格又便宜,在長距離旅行中來替代自駕。以下看出現(xiàn)在老雅范文中的alternative。
In conclusion,there are reasons why countries should reduce their consumption of fossil fuels such as oil,coal and natural gas,but more realistically,they should find ways of generating and storing alternative sources such as solar and wind energy.總之,各國應該減少石油、煤炭和天然氣等化石燃料的消耗是有原因的,但更現(xiàn)實的是,它們應該找到方法來生產和儲存替代能源,如太陽能和風能。(2019/10/19,我們必須少使用化石燃料嗎?)
Environmentally-friendly alternative energy such as solar energy ought to be widely used so that people may continue their present lifestyle but with little environmental impact.環(huán)境友好的替代能源,如太陽能,應該被廣泛使用,以便人們可以繼續(xù)他們目前的生活方式,但不會對環(huán)境產生什么影響。(2020/8/22,讓一代人放棄舒適生活是解決環(huán)境問題的關鍵嗎?)
萬能詞匯:afford
afrord這個詞也比較靈活,其基本意思是“提供;承擔得起”。比如:
These trees afrord a pleasant shade.這些樹提供了陰涼。
I cant afrord a holiday this summer.今年夏天我沒錢度假。
以下我們看afford在老雅范文中是如何被使用的。
I still remember a few days ago when walking in front of a supermarket,I saw how a little girl,with her eyes glued to an advertising board,pestered her momer for the expensive toy on it mat her mother evidently could not afford.我仍記得幾天前路過一家超市時,看見一個小女孩眼巴巴地盯著一塊廣告牌,纏著她母親買上面宣傳的昂貴玩具,但很顯然,她母親買不起這種玩具。(2018/4/22,廣告對經濟和個人的影響)
If people have to pay for their own health care,I think many problems may arise.The most serious one is that those poor people cannot enjoy health care because they are not able to afford the costs.如果人們必須自己支付醫(yī)療費用,我認為會有許多問題。最嚴重的就是窮人將無法享受醫(yī)療,因為他們負擔不起費用。(2016/03/19,應該全民免費醫(yī)療嗎?)
The money squandered on developing technology to find other life forms,for instance,should be used to help children who cannot afford to go to college and those who cannot enjoy decent medical services.比如,為了尋找其他生命形式而開發(fā)技術浪費的錢,應該用來幫助那些上不起大學的孩子和那些不能享受體面醫(yī)療服務的人。(2018/12/1,應該投資太空技術嗎?)
Drug companies in the developed world are under the moral obligation to make their medicinal products available and affordable in me under-developed world so that the poorer people do not die unnecessarily.發(fā)達國家的制藥公司有道德上的義務,使其藥品在欠發(fā)達的世界中買得到,也買得起,從而避免貧窮的人不必要地死去。(2019/8/10,醫(yī)藥公司的主要職責是掙錢,還是為貧窮國家研制新藥?)
萬能詞匯:primarily
primarily來自primary,意思為“主要地,首先地”,相當于mainly、initially等。比如:
Steel is an alloy composed primarily of iron and carbon.鋼是一種合金,主要由鐵和碳構成。
Its very interesting to note where the debate about diversity is taking place.It is taking place primarily in political circles.觀察一下關于多樣性的爭論發(fā)生在何處是很有趣的,這些爭論主要發(fā)生在政治圈子里。
以下句子摘自老雅高分范文。
We all know different people have different shopping habits.Now thequestion is:are these differences in shopping habits caused primarily by the age difiefences of the shoppers?My personal answer to this question is a definite “yes”.我們都知道不同的人有不同的購物習慣。現(xiàn)在的問題是:導致購物習慣不同的主要原因是購物者的年齡差異嗎?我個人對這個問題持肯定回答。(2016/4/13,購物習慣取決于年齡嗎?)
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