劉素庚
1. 【句型回顧】When you called, I was taking a shower. 你打電話來的時候,我正在洗澡。
【解析】1)when既指時間點(diǎn),也可指一段時間,因此when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中的動詞可以是瞬時動詞,也可以是延續(xù)性動詞。例:
They were reading books when the teacher came in.老師進(jìn)來時,他們在讀書。
2)when 說明從句的動作和主句的動作可以是同時發(fā)生,也可以是先后發(fā)生。例:
I was doing my homework when my father came back home yesterday evening.
昨天晚上父親回家的時候,我正在做家庭作業(yè)。
【中考真題】(2020·北京)I on the computer when Frank called me last night.
A. work B. will work C. was working D. am working
【答案剖析】句意為:當(dāng)弗蘭克昨晚打電話給我時,我正在電腦上工作。when Frank called me是過去時,所以主句應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時,應(yīng)選C。
2. 【句型回顧】While Linda was sleeping, Jenny was helping Mary with her homework. 琳達(dá)在睡覺時,珍妮在幫助瑪麗做作業(yè)。
【解析】1)while和when都表示同時,到底句子中是用when還是while主要看從句和主句中所使用的動詞是短暫性動詞(瞬時動詞)還是延續(xù)性動詞。
①若主句表示的是一個短暫性的動作,而從句表示的是一個持續(xù)性動作時,兩者都可用。
He fell asleep when/while he was reading. 他在看書的時候睡著了。
②若主、從句表示兩個同時進(jìn)行的持續(xù)性動作,且強(qiáng)調(diào)主句表示的動作延續(xù)到從句所指的整個時間,通常要用 while。
I’m watching TV while you’re eating. 你吃飯時我在看電視。
③若從句是一個短暫性動作,而主句是一個持續(xù)性動作,要用when而不能用 while。
When Susan came in, I was listening to the radio. 蘇珊進(jìn)來時,我正在聽收音機(jī)。
2)過去進(jìn)行時和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時區(qū)別
過去進(jìn)行時表示在過去某一時刻或某一段時間內(nèi)進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作。其形式為was /were + V-ing;而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作。其形式為be(am, is, are)+ V-ing。例:
It was raining when they left the station. 當(dāng)車開的時候,天正下著雨。
It is raining at the moment. 現(xiàn)在天正下著雨。
【中考真題】(2020·貴州·黔西南)While Mike computer games in his room, his dad came in.
A. is playing B. was playing C. will play D. plays
【答案剖析】句意為:當(dāng)邁克在他的房間正玩電腦游戲時,他爸爸進(jìn)來了。時間是過去,應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時,可知選B。
3. 【句型回顧】I don’t know if I should say anything to them about this. 我不知道我是否該對他們說些什么。
【解析】1)用在條件句中,if意為“如果” ,主句用將來時,if引導(dǎo)的從句不可用將來時,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在時表示將來;
2)引導(dǎo)賓語從句,if意為“是否” = whether ,可以用將來時。賓語從句要用陳述句語序。
【中考真題】1)(2020·湖北·黃岡)—What did Lily say to you just now, Emma?
—She wanted to know .
A. what will I do this Sunday
B. who did I play volleyball with just now
C. why I am late for class this morning
D. if I could go shopping with her tonight
2)(2020·貴州·黔西南)Jeff asked his students, “Do you know it is important to protect the earth?” (改為間接引語)
Jeff asked his students they it is important to protect the earth.
【答案剖析】1)動詞know后接賓語從句,應(yīng)用陳述句語序,所以應(yīng)排除A與B;主句是一般過去時,那么從句中應(yīng)用過去的某種時態(tài),所以排除C,正確答案是D。
2)asked his students后應(yīng)接陳述句語序,Do you know...?應(yīng)改為由whether 或if引導(dǎo)的陳述句,答案為:whether/if, knew。