許國(guó)耀　　彭夫松　　涂銀萍　　孫春榮

[關(guān)鍵詞] 呼吸道感染;流感;流行病學(xué);特征分析

[中圖分類號(hào)] R183.1;R511.7? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] B? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701（2021）19-0152-04

Epidemiological characteristics of patients with influenza in a hospital from 2017 to 2020

XU Guoyao1? ?PENG Fusong1? ?TU Yinping2? ?SUN Chunrong2

1.Department of Geriatrics， Chuiyangliu Hospital Affiliated to Tsinghua University， Beijing? ?100022， China; 2.Department of Infection， Chuiyangliu Hospital Affiliated to Tsinghua University， Beijing? ?100022， China

[Abstract] Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of patients with influenza in a hospital from 2017 to 2020， and to provide the basis for formulating prevention and control strategy. Methods The clinical data of outpatients in Infection Department of a district hospital from November 2017 to February 2020 （the month of influenza pandemic） were collected for retrospective analysis. Results ①The detection rate of influenza virus in different age groups was the highest in 40-60 years old group （54.71%）， followed by 20-39 years old group （36.02%） and over 60 years old group （29.98%）， and the lowest was <20 years old group （4.89%）. ②The number of cases positive for influenza virus in February 2020 was 50 （2.91）， which was 970 （38.86） and 883 （41.38） respectively in February 2018 and February 2019， with statistically significant differences （P<0.001）.③In comparison of the positive rate of influenza virus in the first six weeks from January to February in 2018-2020， there was no significant difference in the positive rate of influenza virus between the first week to the second week （P>0.05）; there were significant differences in the positive rate of influenza virus among the 3rd week， the 4th week， the 5th week and the 6th week （P<0.001）; the number of cases positive for influenza virus in the 3rd-6th week of 2020 showed a significant decreasing trend [866 （53.33）， 402 （34.87）， 70 （12.70）， 20（4.09）]. Conclusion Compared with 2017-2018 and 2018-2019， the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in 2019-2020 are significantly different. Taking the preventive measures such as wearing masks and home quarantine can significantly reduce the incidence rate of influenza.

[Key words] Respiratory tract infection; Influenza; Epidemiology; Characteristic analysis

流感病毒是引起人類發(fā)生的急性呼吸道傳染病，其通過(guò)呼吸道飛沫傳播，擴(kuò)散速度極快，且極易發(fā)生抗原漂移和轉(zhuǎn)變等變異，因此，每年流感都會(huì)發(fā)生不同規(guī)模的暴發(fā)和流行，在全球造成嚴(yán)重的疾病負(fù)擔(dān)，更為甚者引起嚴(yán)重社會(huì)恐慌、經(jīng)濟(jì)損失[1]。流感病毒屬正黏病毒科，核酸為單股負(fù)鏈RNA的包膜病毒。根據(jù)病毒顆粒表面核蛋白NP與基質(zhì)蛋白M1，可分為甲、乙、丙型三大類。甲型與乙型流感病毒是引起人類呼吸道疾病的主要病原體。由于流感病毒的高度可變性和不可確定性，流感防控面臨諸多挑戰(zhàn)。監(jiān)測(cè)是預(yù)防和控制流感的關(guān)鍵策略[2]。本研究通過(guò)對(duì)跨年度近3年來(lái)北京市朝陽(yáng)區(qū)某醫(yī)院感染科就診的流感患者情況分析，探討其流行特征，為區(qū)域性流感病毒的預(yù)防控制提供參考依據(jù)，現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。