董泓廷

什么叫前后照應(yīng)呢？前后照應(yīng)既是一種寫法手法，也是一種寫作結(jié)構(gòu)。它指的是文章前后兩部分的呼應(yīng)，即前面提到的問題后面有結(jié)果或者后面提到的內(nèi)容前面有伏筆或暗示。前后照應(yīng)運(yùn)用得當(dāng)能使文章結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、表達(dá)的意思更為準(zhǔn)確，從而使主題更突出。

請(qǐng)欣賞下面兩篇優(yōu)秀習(xí)作，看看它們是如何做到前后呼應(yīng)的。

My Weekend

I often have fun on my weekend. I often go to the library to read books on Saturday morning. After lunch， I go swimming with my father. On Saturday night， I have a party at home and invite many friends. On Sunday morning， I always do my homework at home. But sometimes I also go for a walk. On Sunday afternoon， I finish my homework. Then I go to a movie with my family. At last， we eat at home.

What a relaxing weekend it is！

本篇習(xí)作介紹了作者周末兩天的主要活動(dòng)，文章思路清晰、表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確、語言地道。文中的一大特色是運(yùn)用了前后照應(yīng)的寫作手法，即以“I often have fun on my weekend.”引出主題，再以“What a relaxing weekend it is！”結(jié)尾。首句和尾句前后照應(yīng)，相得益彰，起到了突出主題的作用。

My English Teacher

Miss Wang is my English teacher. She looks very young. She is about thirty years old， and she wears a pair of glasses. She is funny， but she is strict with us. She wants us to study hard. Her lessons are interesting， so we are very happy in her class and we all like her lessons. She is a good teacher， and we all like her.

本篇習(xí)作介紹了英語老師的年齡、外貌以及性格特征等，運(yùn)用了前后照應(yīng)的寫作手法，即以“Miss Wang is my English teacher.”引出主題，再以“She is a good teacher， and we all like her.”結(jié)尾。

在英語寫作中，前后照應(yīng)的常見形式有以下三種。

1. 文題照應(yīng)

文題照應(yīng)就是文章內(nèi)容與題目相互照應(yīng)，尤其是開頭就緊扣中心內(nèi)容。例如：

I Love My School

I like my school very much. Our school is small， but its very beautiful. It is Luoyang Middle School.

...

This is our school， our second home. Do you like it？ Welcome to our school！ You can see many lovely students.

本篇習(xí)作運(yùn)用了文題照應(yīng)的寫作手法，在文章開頭就借助“I like my school very much.”與標(biāo)題進(jìn)行了文題照應(yīng)。同學(xué)們?cè)趯懽鲿r(shí)，要注意將文章的主要內(nèi)容與標(biāo)題相互照應(yīng)，這樣更能突出文章的主題。

2. 尾題照應(yīng)

尾題照應(yīng)是文章的結(jié)尾與標(biāo)題相互照應(yīng)，通常又被稱作“結(jié)尾扣題”。例如：

I Love My School

My school is in the east of Lianyungang. There are some modern buildings in my school. It was built in 2006. There are a lot of trees and flowers around it.

The school looks like a big garden. More than 2，000 students are studying in my school and about 150 teachers are working for us students here.

...

I love my school very much.

本篇習(xí)作運(yùn)用了尾題照應(yīng)的寫作手法，結(jié)尾處的“I love my school very much.”與文章標(biāo)題進(jìn)行了尾題照應(yīng)。在寫作時(shí)，充分運(yùn)用尾題照應(yīng)有利于歸納全文。

3. 首尾照應(yīng)

首尾照應(yīng)即文章的開頭與結(jié)尾相互照應(yīng)。比如，在文章的開頭交代背景、描寫景物、抒發(fā)感情、說明道理等，然后在文章結(jié)尾處再次強(qiáng)調(diào)，與開頭相互照應(yīng);也可以把含義較為深刻的話語放在文章末尾，以深化主題。例如：

When people say the word “hero”， who will you think of？ Do you have a hero in your heart？ Maybe your hero is...

From him， Ive learned that I should be brave， ready to help others and never give up in trouble. Grandpa Zhong is my hero in my heart！

本篇習(xí)作運(yùn)用了首尾照應(yīng)的寫作手法，文章結(jié)尾處的“Grandpa Zhong is my hero in my heart！”與開頭的“When people say the word “hero”， who will you think of？ Do you have a hero in your heart？ ”相互照應(yīng) 。此外，“From him， Ive learned that I should be brave， ready to help others and never give up in trouble.”也起到了深化主題、畫龍點(diǎn)睛的作用。

綜上可知，前后照應(yīng)是一種重要的寫作手法，它不僅可以避免作文跑題，還可以讓寫作的主題更加鮮明和深刻。