謝帥 劉欣欣 王曉雪
[摘要]目的研究微小RNA-29a(miR-29a)對1-甲基-4-苯基吡啶離子(MPP+)誘導(dǎo)的PC12細胞氧化應(yīng)激和凋亡的影響以及作用機制。方法不同濃度MPP+(0、100、300、500 μmol/L)誘導(dǎo)PC12細胞24 h,熒光定量PCR(qPCR)檢測miR-29a的表達量,噻唑藍比色法(MTT)檢測細胞活力。PC12細胞分別采用0和500 μmol/L MPP+干預(yù)并轉(zhuǎn)染anti-miR-29a或?qū)φ召|(zhì)粒,采用流式細胞術(shù)檢測細胞的凋亡率。觀察細胞活性氧(ROS)水平。TargetScan軟件預(yù)測、雙熒光素酶報告基因驗證miR-29a與重組人轉(zhuǎn)化生長因子誘導(dǎo)因子同源框2(TGIF2)的靶向關(guān)系。結(jié)果隨著MPP+濃度的增加miR-29a表達量隨之增加(F=590.067,P<0.05),而細胞活力則隨之降低(F=153.561,P<0.05)。下調(diào)miR-29a表達可抑制PC12細胞凋亡(F=301.044,P<0.05),降低ROS水平(F=254.120,P<0.05)。TGIF2是miR-29a下游靶基因。結(jié)論miR-29a可能通過調(diào)控TGIF2抑制MPP+誘導(dǎo)的PC12細胞氧化應(yīng)激和凋亡。
[關(guān)鍵詞]帕金森病;微RNAs;PC12細胞;細胞凋亡;TGFB引導(dǎo)因子2
[中圖分類號]R742.5;R342.2[文獻標(biāo)志碼]A[文章編號]2096-5532(2021)01-0100-05
[ABSTRACT]ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and mechanism of action of microRNA-29a (miR-29a) on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis of PC12 cells. MethodsPC12 cells were induced by different concentrations of MPP+ (0,100,300, and 500 μmol/L) for 24 hours, and then quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the expression of miR-29a and MTT assay was used to measure cell viability. PC12 cells were treated with MPP+ (0 and 500 μmol/L) and transfected with anti-miR-29a or control plasmids, and flow cytometry was used to measure the apoptosis rate of the cells. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells was observed. TargetScan software was used to predict and dual-luciferase reporter genes were used to verify the targeting relationship between miR-29a and recombinant human TGFB-induced factor homeobox 2 (TGIF2). ResultsThe expression level of miR-29a increased with the increase in the concentration of MPP+ (F=590.067,P<0.05), while cell viability decreased with the increase in the concentration of MPP+ (F=153.561,P<0.05). Downregulation of miR-29a expression inhibited the apoptosis of PC12 cells (F=301.044,P<0.05) and reduced the level of ROS (F=254.120,P<0.05). TGIF2 was a downstream target gene of miR-29a. ConclusionmiR-29a may inhibit MPP+-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis of PC12 cells by regulating TGIF2.
[KEY WORDS]Parkinson disease; microRNAs; PC12 cells; apoptosis; TGFB-induced factor 2
帕金森?。≒D)是一種多發(fā)于中老年的慢性神經(jīng)退行性疾病[1]。研究表明,PD的病理進展與細胞氧化應(yīng)激[2]、凋亡率增加[3]、線粒體功能障礙[4]等緊密相關(guān)。微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)是一類長度為18~25 nt的短鏈小RNA,目前已被證實在人類多種疾病包括PD的發(fā)生發(fā)展中發(fā)揮重要的調(diào)控作用[5-7]。研究表明,miR-29a在PD病人血漿中表達量明顯減少[8-10],表明miR-29a可能參與PD的發(fā)生發(fā)展和惡化過程。然而,miR-29a在PD中的作用及其具體的作用機制尚不明確。因此,本文通過1-甲基-4-苯基吡啶離子(MPP+)誘導(dǎo)PC12細胞構(gòu)建PD細胞模型,觀察miR-29a對細胞中活性氧(ROS)以及凋亡率的影響,為闡明PD發(fā)病的病理機制提供理論基礎(chǔ)。
1材料與方法
1.1實驗材料
PC12細胞由北納生物公司提供,胎牛血清、DMEM培養(yǎng)基購自美國Gibco公司;MPP+、2′,7′-二氯二氫熒光素二乙酸酯(DCFH-DA)和噻唑藍比色法(MTT)試劑購自美國Sigma公司;Trizol試劑、PCR逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒、熒光定量PCR(qPCR)試劑盒、熒光素酶試劑盒購自上海吉瑪制藥技術(shù)有限公司;細胞凋亡檢測試劑盒購自美國BD公司;Lipofectamine 2000購自美國Life Technologies公司;對照質(zhì)粒、anti-miR-29a質(zhì)粒(5′-UAACCGAUUUCAGAUGGUGCUA-3′)均購自廣州銳博生物科技公司。7500熒光定量 PCR 儀購自美國ABI公司,熒光顯微鏡購自日本OLYMBUS公司。
1.2實驗方法
1.2.1細胞培養(yǎng)方法以及模型構(gòu)建將PC12細胞培養(yǎng)在含體積分?jǐn)?shù)0.10胎牛血清和青霉素-鏈霉素的DMEM培養(yǎng)基中,培養(yǎng)條件設(shè)為體積分?jǐn)?shù)0.05 CO2、37 ℃,待細胞生長達到90%融合時加入胰蛋白酶按1∶3傳代。取對數(shù)期的PC12細胞以5×105個接種到6孔板中,過夜分別培養(yǎng),加入終濃度為0、100、300、500 μmol/L的MPP+,放置在37 ℃培養(yǎng)箱繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)24 h。
1.2.2qPCR實驗收集PC12細胞,采用Trizol試劑提取細胞總RNA,根據(jù)逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒說明書操作,合成cDNA。以cDNA為模板,由上海生工生物技術(shù)公司設(shè)計、合成miR-29a和U6引物(見表1),進行qPCR擴增實驗。以U6作為參照。反應(yīng)條件:95 ℃、8 min;95 ℃、20 s,60 ℃、30 s,35個循環(huán)。使用2-ΔΔCt法計算miR-29a 的相對表達量。
1.2.3MTT實驗分別向不同濃度MPP+溶液孵育24 h后的PC12細胞中添加100 μL MTT溶液(500 mg/L),37 ℃孵育4 h,除去MTT溶液,再加入150 μL二甲基亞砜,反應(yīng)10 min,使用酶標(biāo)儀測定490 nm波長處吸光度值(A),計算各組PC12細胞的存活率,細胞存活率(%)=(實驗組A-空白組A)/(對照組A-空白組A)×100%。
1.2.4細胞的轉(zhuǎn)染選取對數(shù)期PC12細胞,根據(jù)前期實驗結(jié)果隨機分為4組:0 μmol/L MPP++anti-NC組(A組)、0 μmol/L MPP++anti-miR-29a組(B組)、500 μmol/L MPP++anti-NC組(C組)、500 μmol/L MPP++anti-miR-29a組(D組)。A組、B組PC12細胞中加入0 μmol/L的 MPP+孵育24 h,并在Lipofectamine 2000介導(dǎo)下分別轉(zhuǎn)染對照質(zhì)粒和anti-miR-29a質(zhì)粒。C組、D組PC12細胞中分別加入500 μmol/L 的MPP+孵育24 h后,再分別轉(zhuǎn)染入對照質(zhì)粒和anti-miR-29a質(zhì)粒。繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)48 h。
1.2.5細胞ROS的檢測收集各組PC12細胞接種至24孔板中,每孔加入10 μmol/L 的DCFH-DA,37 ℃孵育30 min。熒光顯微鏡下隨機選取5個視野分析平均綠色熒光強度。
1.2.6流式細胞術(shù)實驗收集細胞,用PBS沖洗3次,調(diào)整細胞密度至1×109/L。根據(jù)細胞凋亡試劑盒說明書,在室溫下每孔分別加入膜聯(lián)蛋白 V-FITC和碘化丙啶各5 μL,混合均勻,孵育15 min。采用流式細胞儀檢測凋亡率。
1.2.7雙熒光素酶報告基因?qū)嶒炗肨argetScan(http://www.targetscan.org/vert_71/)軟件預(yù)測miR-29a與重組人轉(zhuǎn)化生長因子誘導(dǎo)因子同源框2(TGIF2)基因的靶向關(guān)系,熒光素酶進一步驗證。野生型(TGIF2-wt)熒光素酶報告載體(含有與miR-29a結(jié)合位點)以及突變位型(TGIF2-mut)熒光素酶報告載體均購買自廣州銳博生物科技公司。將TGIF2-wt和TGIF2-mut分別與對照質(zhì)粒以及anti-miR-29a質(zhì)粒共轉(zhuǎn)染入PC12細胞,37 ℃培養(yǎng)48 h,采用熒光素酶試劑盒測定PC12細胞相對熒光素酶活性。
1.3統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析
采用SPSS 20.0統(tǒng)計學(xué)軟件進行數(shù)據(jù)處理,計量資料數(shù)據(jù)以±s表示,兩組間比較采用t檢驗;多組均數(shù)間比較采用單因素方差分析,組間兩兩比較使用SNK-q檢驗。以P<0.05表示差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2結(jié)果
2.1不同濃度MPP+對PC12細胞miR-29a表達量及細胞活力的影響與0 μmol/L相比較,100、300、500 μmol/L 的MPP+誘導(dǎo)PC12細胞中miR-29a的表達量顯著上升,差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(F=590.067,P<0.05),PC12細胞存活率明顯降低,差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(F=153.561,P<0.05)。見表2。
2.2轉(zhuǎn)染anti-miR-29a質(zhì)粒對細胞miR-29a表達量的影響
與A組相比,B組細胞中miR-29a的表達量明顯降低,C組、D組細胞中miR-29a的表達量明顯增加,差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(F=574.765,q=8.106~45.723, P<0.05);與C組相比,D組PC12細胞中miR-29a的表達量明顯降低,差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(q=40.457,P<0.05)。見表3。
2.3下調(diào)miR-29a對細胞ROS、凋亡的影響
與A組相比較,B組PC12細胞中ROS水平、細胞凋亡率無顯著差異, C組、D組PC12細胞中ROS水平、凋亡率明顯增加(F=254.120、301.044,q=7.076~36.233,P<0.05);與C組相比較,D組ROS的水平、凋亡率顯著降低,差異均具有顯著性(q=13.629、26.247, P<0.05)。見圖1和表3。
2.4miR-29a靶基因的預(yù)測和驗證
TGIF2基因3′端非翻譯區(qū)域與miR-29a靶向結(jié)合;與anti-NC與TGIF2-wt共轉(zhuǎn)染相比,anti-miR-29a與TGIF2-wt共轉(zhuǎn)染提高PC12細胞熒光素酶相對活性(t=21.266,P<0.05);但anti-miR-29a與TGIF2-mut共轉(zhuǎn)染對PC12細胞熒光素酶相對活性無明顯影響。見圖2和表4。
3討論
PD是一種運動障礙性疾病,隨著年齡的增加患病風(fēng)險增加,嚴(yán)重影響老年人的身體健康。研究表明,細胞凋亡在PD發(fā)生、惡化過程中具有重要作用[11-12]。研究證實,miRNA參與神經(jīng)退行性疾病的發(fā)生發(fā)展,影響神經(jīng)細胞的分化、凋亡等,從而影響病人的病理進程[13]。miRNA在PD病人中的表達量顯著異常,表明miRNA可能在PD的病理演進過程中發(fā)揮重要的作用[14-16]。研究表明,miR-29a表達量異常在人類多種疾病中發(fā)揮重要作用,如結(jié)直腸癌、胰腺癌、胃癌、子宮內(nèi)膜癌等[17-20]。邱峰等[21]通過μParaflo微流體芯片技術(shù)發(fā)現(xiàn),miR-29a在PD病人表達量明顯上調(diào)。韓凱等[5]的研究也進一步證實,miR-29a在PD病人外周血清中表達量較對照組明顯增加,可作為PD臨床診斷的潛在新血清標(biāo)志物。但miR-29a在PD發(fā)生發(fā)展過程中的具體作用尚不清楚。
目前,采用MPP+誘導(dǎo)PC12細胞構(gòu)建PD細胞模型是國內(nèi)外公認(rèn)的研究模型[22-23]。本文研究結(jié)果顯示,miR-29a表達量隨著MPP+濃度的增加逐漸升高,表明miR-29a可能參與PD的發(fā)生發(fā)展過程。MPP+濃度越高,miR-29a的表達量越高,其中濃度為500 μmol/L的MPP+誘導(dǎo)PC12細胞的存活率為(45.674±3.152)%,因此選擇500 μmol/L的MPP+作為后續(xù)實驗干預(yù)濃度。此外,本實驗結(jié)果還顯示,轉(zhuǎn)染anti-miR-29a質(zhì)??擅黠@降低PC12細胞中miR-29a的表達量,表明轉(zhuǎn)染成功,可用于后續(xù)實驗。本文進一步研究顯示,抑制miR-29a的表達量可降低PC12細胞中ROS水平以及凋亡率,表明抑制miR-29a表達可能通過影響細胞的氧化應(yīng)激水平和凋亡率,從而參與PD的病理進展。
miRNA主要通過靶向阻礙下游靶基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄或翻譯,調(diào)控細胞的生物學(xué)特性,從而抑制或誘導(dǎo)疾病的病理進程[24]。TGIF2蛋白是三胺酸環(huán)延伸(TALE)蛋白家族成員之一,參與多種腫瘤如膠質(zhì)瘤、前列腺癌、胃癌等的發(fā)生發(fā)展過程,對細胞的增殖、凋亡具有重要的調(diào)控作用[25-28]。TGIF2對膠質(zhì)瘤和膠質(zhì)瘤干細胞同樣具有調(diào)控作用[29-33]。此外,TGIF2能夠參與神經(jīng)干細胞的調(diào)控,在調(diào)節(jié)神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)發(fā)育中扮演重要角色。因此,推測TGIF2對神經(jīng)細胞PC12的凋亡可能存在一定的調(diào)控作用[34-36]。在本實驗中,在線預(yù)測顯示miR-29a與TGIF2存在靶向結(jié)合位點,表明TGIF2可能是miR-29a的下游靶基因。雙熒光素酶進一步驗證表明,下調(diào)miR-29a與野生型TGIF2熒光素酶報告載體共轉(zhuǎn)染可顯著增加PC12細胞的熒光素酶活性,而與突變型TGIF2熒光素酶報告載體共轉(zhuǎn)染對PC12細胞熒光素酶活性無顯著影響,證實TGIF2是miR-29a的下游靶基因,表明miR-29a可能通過靶向TGIF2抑制MPP+誘導(dǎo)的PC12細胞凋亡和氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng),從而阻礙PD的進一步惡化。
綜上所述,miR-29a在MPP+誘導(dǎo)的PC12細胞中表達量增加,且具有一定的濃度依賴性;下調(diào)miR-29a可能通過靶向TGIF2抑制MPP+誘導(dǎo)的PC12細胞凋亡,阻礙其氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng),這為PD基因靶向治療提供新的方向。但本實驗僅在細胞水平進行了相關(guān)研究,且本實驗未涉及干擾TGIF2進行驗證,本研究尚顯不足,后續(xù)實驗將對此進行補充。此外未來會進一步通過構(gòu)建動物模型等深入探究miR-29a在PD發(fā)生發(fā)展中的作用及機制。
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