景觀設(shè)計(jì)：自組空間

梅豐社區(qū)公園位于深圳市福田區(qū)梅林街道，中康路和北環(huán)路交匯，占地面積4674.35m2。梅林片區(qū)地處福田區(qū)的北面，也是“背面”，主要以城中村、老舊住宅和工業(yè)區(qū)等功能混雜，城市建筑老化，空間品質(zhì)不高，形成了大量的“城市盲區(qū)”。地塊原本與臨旁小區(qū)屬同一地塊，因業(yè)主與開(kāi)發(fā)商的糾紛，其承諾給業(yè)主的公共配套沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)，業(yè)主們因此對(duì)該地的建設(shè)非常敏感，曾多次抵制該地塊的開(kāi)發(fā)，地塊就這樣閑置了近20 年。

1 公園與周邊鳥(niǎo)瞰/Aerial view of the park and the surrounding

場(chǎng)地原狀為空置的鋼筋水泥地面，四面被圍墻圍合，與周邊地塊存在一定高差。內(nèi)部被人占用為臨時(shí)停車(chē)場(chǎng)。由于長(zhǎng)期的空置加上缺乏管理，部分區(qū)域已成為了垃圾堆放的場(chǎng)所，場(chǎng)地四周雜草叢生、環(huán)境惡劣。

公園的設(shè)計(jì)以“開(kāi)放、生態(tài)、多元”為原則，對(duì)場(chǎng)地及周邊進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)梳理，拆除圍墻打開(kāi)場(chǎng)地的邊界，建立公園與城市街道和小區(qū)的可達(dá)性；砸掉現(xiàn)狀鋼筋水泥地，讓土地重新呼吸，建立生態(tài)的景觀基底；完善公園路網(wǎng)及基礎(chǔ)服務(wù)設(shè)施，考慮周邊使用人群設(shè)置兒童游戲場(chǎng)地、階梯廣場(chǎng)、文化展示長(zhǎng)廊及慢跑道等多元的休憩娛樂(lè)場(chǎng)所，將場(chǎng)地變?yōu)榘踩孢m的社區(qū)公園，讓原本封閉的荒廢地轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榛罨苓吷鐓^(qū)的城市公園。

2-3 場(chǎng)地改造前原狀/Site before renovation

Meifeng Community Creative Park is located at the intersection of Zhongkang Road and Beihuan Road in Futian District.It covers an area of 4674.35 square metres.The Meilin area is located in the north and also the "backside" of Futian District.It is mainly mixed with functions such as urban villages, old houses and industrial areas.The urban buildings are ageing and the spatial quality is not high, forming a large number of "urban blind spots".The site originally belonged to the same plot as the adjacent Community.Due to disputes between the owner and the developer, the site was closed in 2000.The public facilities promised by the developers to the owners have not been realised,and the owners are therefore very sensitive to the construction of the land.They have repeatedly resisted the development of the land, and the land has been left unused for nearly 20 years.

The current site is a vacant reinforced concrete floor, surrounded by walls on four sides,and there is a certain height difference with the surrounding land.The interior is occupied as a temporary parking lot.Due to long-term vacancy and lack of management, some areas have become garbage dumps.The weeds around the site and the harsh environment are in sharp contrast with the neighbourhood communities and urban roads beyond the walls.In the high-density Meilin area,such an abandoned site is even more incompatible with the surrounding environment.

The design of the park is based on the principle of "openness, ecology, and diversity".The site and its surroundings are systematically sorted out, the walls are removed to open the boundaries of the park,and the park's accessibility to urban streets and communities is established.The existing reinforced concrete floor is destroyed to make the land rebreath and establish an ecological landscape base.Improvements are made to the park's road network and basic service facilities.Consideration is given to the surrounding users by setting up multiple recreational and entertainment venues such as children's playgrounds, stepped squares, cultural display corridors and jogging tracks to make the venues safe and comfortable.The community park in the city turns the originally enclosed wasteland into an urban park that revitalises the surrounding communities.

The current condition of hard ground cannot serve as the foundation of diversity, so the first step is to smash the concrete floor and let the land breathe again, to build a new ecosystem.Using broken concrete blocks to create a cracked garden with micro-topography, the old concrete blocks and the plants in the cracks form a harmonious symbiosis.The natural and wild cracked garden has also become a playground for children.

Due to the short construction period and low budget, this project is different from the largearea stone paving in traditional municipal parks.It adopts low-cost and low-maintenance strategies for design and construction.The smashed old concrete blocks are used as landscape materials and stacked to form a micro-topographic crack garden.Small fragments are used as materials for filling stone cages.Even smaller fragments are used as underground gravel layers for sponge city technical measures to drain rainwater.In terms of plant design, local species of ornamental grasses and wildflowers with low-maintenance requirements are selected for natural planting of bottom plants.

After the renovation, the openness of the park attracted surrounding residents and passers-by to go into the park.The park held social, relaxation,family, exercising, recreational, and various activities from time to time.The openness and inclusiveness of the park allow everyone to equally enjoy the opportunity of quietness and relaxation.□

現(xiàn)狀單純的硬地面沒(méi)有辦法達(dá)到多樣性的基礎(chǔ)，所以第一步是砸掉水泥地，讓土地重新呼吸，才能建立新的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。利用碎裂的混凝土塊進(jìn)行微地形塑造成為裂縫花園，舊的混凝土塊與縫隙中的植物形成和諧的共生。自然野趣的裂縫花園也成為小孩玩耍、追逐的游樂(lè)場(chǎng)。由于工期短、造價(jià)低，所以區(qū)別于傳統(tǒng)市政公園的大面積石材鋪貼，采用低成本低維護(hù)的策略進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)和建造。被砸碎的舊混凝土塊當(dāng)做景觀材料，堆砌成微地形裂縫花園；小的碎塊作為填充石籠的材料；更小的碎塊則作為海綿城市技術(shù)措施的地下碎石層以疏導(dǎo)下滲的雨水，植物設(shè)計(jì)選用低維護(hù)的觀賞草和野花進(jìn)行自然種植。

場(chǎng)地改造后，開(kāi)放的邊界引導(dǎo)周邊居民和路人進(jìn)入公園活動(dòng)，提供社交、休息、親子、鍛煉、玩耍的場(chǎng)地，并不定期舉辦各類(lèi)活動(dòng)，而公園的開(kāi)放與包容讓每個(gè)參與者都能得到平等地享受安靜和休憩的機(jī)會(huì)?！?/p>

4 平面/Plan

5 軸測(cè)/Axonometric drawing

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: 深圳市福田區(qū)梅林街道辦/Meilin Sub-district Office of Shenzhen Futian District

景觀設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)：自組空間

主創(chuàng)及設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)：黃丹霞，杜夢(mèng)碧，梁瑞華，歐婷婷，余涵，邱建旺，朱飛飛/HUANG Danxia, DU Mengbi, LIANG Ruihua, OU Tingting, YU Han, QIU Jianwang, ZHU Feifei

代建單位及設(shè)計(jì)總包方/Construction Agent: 深圳市建筑科學(xué)研究院股份有限公司/Shenzhen Institute of Building Research Co., Ltd.

項(xiàng)目策劃/Project Planning: 深圳市城市設(shè)計(jì)促進(jìn)中心/Shenzhen Centre for Design

策劃團(tuán)隊(duì)人員/Planning Team: 劉磊，劉雅，葉穎/LIU Lei,LIU Ya, YE Ying

藝術(shù)策劃/Art Planning: 深圳市公共藝術(shù)中心（深圳雕塑院）/Shenzhen Centre for Public Art (Shenzhen Sculpture Academy)

雕塑裝置及藝術(shù)家/Sculpture Installation and Artist: 呂曉正（“尋梅”），盧遠(yuǎn)良（“見(jiàn)證”），劉國(guó)棟（“花開(kāi)花落”）/LYU Xiaozheng (Seeking Plum Blossom), LU Yuanliang (Witness), LIU Guodong (Flowers Blooming)

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Period: 2019.04-2020.01

造價(jià)/Cost: 150萬(wàn)元/1.5 M CNY

攝影/Photos: 梁瑞華/LIANG Ruihua

6 場(chǎng)地生長(zhǎng)演變/Site growth and changing

7 臨近城市街道的階梯活動(dòng)廣場(chǎng)/Stepped plaza adjacent to a city street

8 裂縫花園軸測(cè)/Axonometric of cracked garden

9 臺(tái)階廣場(chǎng)軸測(cè)/Axonometric of step square

10 黨建長(zhǎng)廊軸測(cè)/Axonometric of party corridor

11-12 自然野趣的裂縫花園/Cracked garden

13 階梯活動(dòng)廣場(chǎng)/Step square

14 人們與起伏樹(shù)池互動(dòng)/Peaple interaction with the tree pool

15 舊混凝土塊與縫隙的植物和諧共生/Concrete is symbiotic with plants

16 歷史舊相片嵌入休閑藝術(shù)長(zhǎng)廊/Art corridor with old photos

17 場(chǎng)地再利用后/Site after re-use