[摘要]目的 探討組蛋白去甲基化酶JMJD2B對卵巢癌細胞增殖的影響及其機制。方法 應(yīng)用JMJD2B siRNA和control siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染人正常卵巢上皮IOSE80細胞和卵巢癌SKOV3細胞,實時熒光定量PCR和蛋白印跡法分別檢測細胞中JMJD2B、環(huán)氧化酶2(COX2)mRNA和蛋白的表達水平。采用細胞克隆形成實驗方法檢測SKOV3細胞的增殖情況。選取20例卵巢癌病人的癌組織及癌旁正常組織,應(yīng)用實時熒光定量PCR方法檢測并比較兩種組織中JMJD2B和COX2的mRNA表達水平。結(jié)果 與IOSE80細胞比較,SKOV3細胞中JMJD2B、COX2的mRNA和蛋白水平均升高,差異有顯著性(t=13.74~19.34,Plt;0.05)。JMJD2B siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染SKOV3細胞后可以顯著下調(diào)JMJD2B和COX2 mRNA的表達水平(t=4.97~7.56,Plt;0.05),細胞的克隆形成能力明顯降低;而高表達COX2可以部分恢復(fù)細胞的克隆形成能力(F=58.23,Plt;0.05)。雙熒光素酶實驗結(jié)果顯示,抑制JMJD2B的表達可以明顯降低COX2的啟動子活性(t=35.48,Plt;0.01)。人卵巢癌組織中JMJD2B和COX2的mRNA表達水平較癌旁組織顯著升高(t=85.42、85.11,Plt;0.05),且二者呈正相關(guān)(R2=0.983,95%CI=0.984~0.995,Plt;0.01)。結(jié)論 降低JMJD2B水平可通過抑制COX2表達進而抑制人卵巢癌細胞的增殖。
[關(guān)鍵詞]卵巢腫瘤;組蛋白去甲基化酶;環(huán)氧化酶2;細胞增殖
[中圖分類號]R73-354
[文獻標志碼]A
[文章編號]2096-5532(2021)02-0250-05
[ABSTRACT]Objective To investigate the effect of the histone demethylase JMJD2B on the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells and the related mechanism. "Methods JMJD2B siRNA and control siRNA were transfected into normal human ovarian epithelial IOSE80 cells and ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells, and quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot were used to measure the mRNA and protein expression levels of JMJD2B and COX2 in these cells. Colony-forming assay was used to measure the proliferation of SKOV3 cells. Cancer tissue and normal adjacent tissue were collected from 20 patients with ovarian cancer, and quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression levels of JMJD2B and COX2. "Results Compared with IOSE80 cells, SKOV3 cells showed significant increases in the mRNA and protein expression levels of JMJD2B and COX2 (t=13.74-19.34,Plt;0.05). After SKOV3 cells were transfected with JMJD2B siRNA, there were significant reductions in the mRNA expression levels of JMJD2B and COX2 (t=4.97-7.56,Plt;0.05) and colony-forming ability, while the high expression of COX2 partially restored the colony-forming ability (F=58.23,Plt;0.05). The results of dual luciferase assay showed that the inhibition of JMJD2B expression significantly reduced the promoter activity of COX2 (t=35.48,Plt;0.01). The mRNA expression levels of JMJD2B and COX2 in human ovarian cancer tissue were significantly higher than those in adjacent tissue (t=85.42,85.11;Plt;0.05), with positive correlation between them (R2=0.983,95%CI=0.984 to 0.995,Plt;0.01). "Conclusion The reduction of JMJD2B can inhibit the proliferation of human ovarian cancer cells by inhibiting the expression of COX2.
[KEY WORDS]ovarian neoplasms; JMJD2B; cyclooxygenase 2; cell proliferation
JMJD2B是新近研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的一種組蛋白去甲基化酶,可調(diào)節(jié)染色質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)或基因表達[1]。多項研究發(fā)現(xiàn),JMJD2B在多種腫瘤如乳癌、胃癌、結(jié)腸癌的發(fā)生發(fā)展過程中發(fā)揮重要作用[2-5]。前期研究發(fā)現(xiàn),JMJID2B在卵巢癌組織中高表達,提示JMJD2B與卵巢癌的發(fā)生發(fā)展密切相關(guān)。然而,JMJD2B介導(dǎo)卵巢癌細胞惡性轉(zhuǎn)化的相關(guān)分子機制研究甚少。環(huán)氧化酶2(COX2)是一種促進細胞增殖和侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移及抑制細胞凋亡的炎性細胞因子[6-9]。已有研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),COX2的表達受表觀遺傳學修飾的調(diào)控,例如組蛋白修飾、DNA甲基化等[10-13]。還有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),COX2的DNA甲基化與胃癌、非小細胞肺癌、膀胱異型細胞癌等惡性腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展以及預(yù)后密切相關(guān),特別是COX2的高度甲基化預(yù)示腫瘤的不良預(yù)后[10,14-17]。本研究觀察抑制人卵巢癌細胞JMJD2B表達后COX2水平的變化,以及靶向抑制JMJD2B 表達對卵巢癌細胞增殖的影響,探討JMJD2B促進卵巢癌細胞惡性轉(zhuǎn)化的作用及其相關(guān)機制。現(xiàn)將結(jié)果報告如下。
1 材料與方法
1.1 實驗材料
人卵巢癌細胞株SKOV3(購自濟南市人民醫(yī)院),人正常卵巢上皮細胞株IOSE80(購于中國上海慧穎生物科技有限公司);胎牛血清、DMEM和DMEM/F12培養(yǎng)基(Gibco公司,美國);JMJD2B siRNA和control siRNA(Invitrogen公司,美國),JMJD2B siRNA序列為5′-UCUCCAUCACCUG-CCUCAAGCACAA-3′,control siRNA為5′-CCU-ACAUCCCGAUCGAUGAUGUUGA-3′;轉(zhuǎn)染試劑脂質(zhì)體Lipofectamine 2000(Invitrogen公司,美國);反轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒(Thermo Scientific公司,美國),實時熒光定量PCR試劑盒(Takara公司,日本);BCA蛋白定量試劑盒(碧云天生物技術(shù)公司,中國);JMJD2B抗體(Bethyl Laboratories公司,美國),COX2抗體(Cayman chemical公司,美國),β-actin抗體(Santa Cruz Biotechnology公司,美國);辣根過氧化物酶標記的抗兔、抗鼠二抗(Jackson ImmunoResearch公司,美國);ECL化學發(fā)光檢測試劑盒(Millipore公司,美國),COX2高表達質(zhì)粒和COX2啟動子質(zhì)粒(上海浩然生物技術(shù)有限公司)。卵巢癌病人手術(shù)切除的癌組織及癌旁正常組織標本各20例(濟南市人民醫(yī)院)。
1.2 實驗方法
1.2.1 細胞培養(yǎng) SKOV3細胞和IOSE80細胞分別在含有體積分數(shù)0.10胎牛血清的DMEM培養(yǎng)基和DMEM/F12培養(yǎng)基中,于37 ℃、體積分數(shù)0.05 CO2 條件下傳代培養(yǎng)。
1.2.2 轉(zhuǎn)染 將對數(shù)生長期SKOV3細胞以每孔2×105個接種至6孔板中培養(yǎng),待細胞達60%~80%融合時進行轉(zhuǎn)染。參照轉(zhuǎn)染試劑說明,分別將JMJD2B siRNA、control siRNA或COX2高表達質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染入細胞內(nèi),培養(yǎng)48 h后收集細胞。
1.2.3 RNA的提取、反轉(zhuǎn)錄及實時熒光定量PCR檢測 應(yīng)用RNA提取試劑盒提取細胞或者組織總RNA,逆轉(zhuǎn)錄生成cDNA,將所得cDNA保存于-20 ℃冰箱備用。以cDNA為模板,在TaqDNA聚合酶作用下行PCR擴增反應(yīng)。所用引物及其序列見表1。PCR反應(yīng)體系10 μL,內(nèi)含2×SYBR Green Mixture 5.0 μL,2.5 μmol/L正反向引物各1.0 μL,cDNA 1.0 μL,加ddH2O補足體積至10.0 μL。PCR條件:95 ℃、15 s,60 ℃、30 s,74 ℃、30 s,在Bio-Rad CFX96熒光定量PCR儀上擴增40個循環(huán)后收集熒光數(shù)據(jù)。
1.2.4 蛋白印跡法檢測 應(yīng)用RIPA裂解細胞,在冰上靜置30 min,以12 000 r/min離心10 min,取蛋白上清檢測質(zhì)量濃度后,取40 μg上樣,在體積分數(shù)0.10的SDS-PAGE中電泳分離(電壓50 V,時間250 min),電轉(zhuǎn)至PVDF膜(電流250 mA,時間190 min),以50 g/L的脫脂奶粉室溫封閉60 min,加一抗(JMJD2B,1∶1 000稀釋;COX2,1∶100稀釋;β-actin,1∶1 000稀釋)4 ℃過夜孵育,PBST漂洗3次,每次5 min,再加入HRP標記的二抗室溫孵育60 min,PBST漂洗3次,每次5 min,加入ECL化學發(fā)光工作液室溫孵育2~3 min,暗室中曝光、顯影、定影,掃描拍照后保存數(shù)據(jù)。
1.2.5 細胞克隆形成實驗 SKOV3細胞接種至細胞板,將JMJD2B siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染至細胞,24 h后行COX2啟動子載體轉(zhuǎn)染,同時轉(zhuǎn)染pRL-TK作為內(nèi)參。轉(zhuǎn)染48 h后,棄去培養(yǎng)液,PBS洗滌3次,Passive Lysis Buffer裂解細胞。最后用熒光素酶報告基因分析儀檢測熒光素酶的活力。
1.3 統(tǒng)計學方法
采用SPSS 17.0軟件進行統(tǒng)計學分析,計量資料數(shù)據(jù)以x2±s表示,兩組數(shù)據(jù)間比較采用t檢驗,多組比較采用ANOVA分析。以Plt;0.05表示差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2 結(jié) 果
2.1 IOSE80細胞和SKOV3細胞中JMJD2B和COX2表達比較
SKOV3細胞中JMJD2B、COX2的mRNA和蛋白表達均明顯高于IOSE80細胞,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(t=13.74~19.34,Plt;0.05)。見圖1。
2.2 轉(zhuǎn)染JMJD2B siRNA對COX2表達的影響
實時熒光定量PCR檢測和蛋白印跡法的檢測結(jié)果顯示,SKOV3細胞轉(zhuǎn)染JMJD2B siRNA后,JMJD2B和COX2的mRNA和蛋白表達均降低,差異有顯著性(t=4.97~7.56,P<0.05)。見圖2。
2.3 抑制JMJD2B的表達對COX2啟動子表達的影響
雙熒光素酶實驗結(jié)果顯示,抑制JMJD2B的表達可以明顯降低COX2的表達,差異有顯著性(t=35.48,Plt;0.01)。見圖3。
2.4 JMJD2B和COX2表達對SKOV3細胞克隆形成能力的影響
細胞克隆形成實驗結(jié)果顯示,SKOV3細胞轉(zhuǎn)染JMJD2B siRNA后細胞的克隆形成能力明顯減弱,而高表達COX2可以部分恢復(fù)細胞的克隆形成能力(F=58.23,Plt;0.01)。見圖4。
2.5 人卵巢癌組織及其癌旁組織中JMJD2B和COX2 mRNA表達關(guān)系
與癌旁組織相比,卵巢癌組織中JMJD2B和COX2的mRNA表達均顯著升高(t=85.42,Plt;0.05),且兩者表達水平呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系(R2=0.983,95%CI=0.984~0.995,Plt;0.01)。見圖5。
3 討 論
腫瘤的發(fā)生、發(fā)展是一個多因素參與、多步驟演進的復(fù)雜病理過程,涉及信號通路轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)異常和基因表達調(diào)控異常,其中表觀遺傳學調(diào)控機制在腫瘤發(fā)生發(fā)展中的作用越來越受到關(guān)注。表觀遺傳學調(diào)控主要包括組蛋白修飾、DNA甲基化、染色體重塑和非編碼RNAs等,其中組蛋白修飾是表觀遺傳學的重要調(diào)控機制[18-19]。組蛋白修飾主要有磷酸化/去磷酸化、甲基化/去甲基化、乙?;?去乙?;榷喾N共價修飾作用[20]。組蛋白修飾的異常調(diào)節(jié),改變了基因表達的特性,為腫瘤的發(fā)生和發(fā)展提供了基礎(chǔ)[21-22]。組蛋白去甲基化酶JMJD2B是新近研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的JMJD2家族中的一員,主要靶向組蛋白H3第9位賴氨酸的三甲基(H3K9me3)使其發(fā)生去甲基化,在干細胞分化、炎癥和多種惡性腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展中發(fā)揮重要的表觀遺傳學作用[2,23]。近期研究發(fā)現(xiàn),JMJD2B主要定位于卵巢癌細胞株的細胞核內(nèi),這可能與其調(diào)控細胞內(nèi)的信號通路基因的表達有關(guān)[15],但JMJD2B在促進卵巢癌發(fā)生、發(fā)展中的作用及分子機制則尚未完全闡明。近期研究發(fā)現(xiàn),COX2的表達受到表觀遺傳學修飾的調(diào)控,如DNA甲基化、組蛋白的修飾等[12-13,24]。COX2的DNA甲基化水平與胃癌的發(fā)生發(fā)展及預(yù)后密切相關(guān),尤其是COX2的高度甲基化預(yù)示著胃癌的不良預(yù)后[25]。有研究顯示,JMJD2B通過不同調(diào)控機制參與多種腫瘤的發(fā)生和發(fā)展[1,4]。
本實驗探討JMJD2B是否通過調(diào)控COX2表達介導(dǎo)人卵巢癌細胞的惡性轉(zhuǎn)化。研究結(jié)果顯示,JMJD2B和COX2在人卵巢癌細胞SKOV3中表達均明顯高于人正常卵巢上皮細胞IOSE80,JMJD2B和COX2在卵巢癌組織中的表達均顯著升高并呈正相關(guān);以RNA干擾技術(shù)靶向抑制人卵巢癌細胞JMJD2B表達后,COX2的轉(zhuǎn)錄表達明顯下調(diào)。提示COX2信號通路在人卵巢癌細胞發(fā)生發(fā)展中的作用受組蛋白去甲基化酶JMJD2B調(diào)控。為進一步研究JMJD2B在促進人卵巢癌細胞惡性轉(zhuǎn)化中的分子機制,本文應(yīng)用克隆形成實驗探討JMJD2B表達對人卵巢癌細胞增殖的影響。結(jié)果顯示,靶向抑制JMJD2B的表達,腫瘤細胞的增殖明顯受到抑制,表明JMJD2B通過調(diào)控COX2表達促進細胞的增殖,進而介導(dǎo)卵巢癌細胞的惡性轉(zhuǎn)化。但是,本研究存在著局限性,即僅采用細胞克隆形成實驗來評價抑制JMJD2B對卵巢癌細胞增殖能力的影響。今后需要進一步對卵巢癌細胞侵襲、遷移能力和細胞分裂周期等進行研究,以探討卵巢癌細胞惡性轉(zhuǎn)化機制。此外,本文研究還顯示,降低JMJD2B表達水平可抑制卵巢癌細胞克隆形成能力。
綜上所述,抑制JMJD2B表達可能通過阻斷COX2信號通路下調(diào)腫瘤相關(guān)基因表達,從而抑制人卵巢癌細胞的惡性轉(zhuǎn)化。進一步分析組蛋白去甲基化酶JMJD2B、COX2信號通路和腫瘤相關(guān)基因表達間的相互作用,將有助于深入了解信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)和組蛋白修飾在卵巢癌發(fā)生、發(fā)展中的相互作用,為進一步探討JMJD2B在卵巢腫瘤中的作用機制提供理論基礎(chǔ)。
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(本文編輯 黃建鄉(xiāng))