時(shí)雨瑩　周亮廣

摘 要：塘壩灌溉是當(dāng)前江淮丘陵區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉的主要方式，研究江淮丘陵塘壩灌區(qū)的抗旱能力，對(duì)于促進(jìn)灌區(qū)塘壩水利工程建設(shè)及農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整具有重要的參考意義。該研究選取江淮丘陵2個(gè)典型樣區(qū)，以高分辨率遙感影像圖、塘壩容積、有效降雨量等數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ)，在不同降雨頻率下對(duì)研究樣區(qū)的土地利用類(lèi)型、水量供需以及塘壩抗旱能力進(jìn)行了分析。結(jié)果表明：土地利用類(lèi)型中塘壩面積均在3%～5%;水田面積占比亦相當(dāng)，約為17%，但旱地面積差距較大，樣區(qū)1占比達(dá)50%以上，約為樣區(qū)2的5倍。樣區(qū)1水資源供需比遠(yuǎn)小于1，水資源供需不平衡，而樣區(qū)2水資源供需達(dá)到平衡。2個(gè)樣區(qū)塘壩的抗旱能力分別為50.51%、93.65%，反映了不同土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)下塘壩的抗旱能力明顯差異;根據(jù)降水概率進(jìn)行農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，將有助于調(diào)控江淮丘陵灌區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)水資源供需平衡。

關(guān)鍵詞：抗旱能力評(píng)價(jià);水量供需平衡;降雨頻率;江淮丘陵灌區(qū)

中圖分類(lèi)號(hào) S274文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 A文章編號(hào) 1007-7731（2021）03-0131-04

Evaluation on Drought Resistance of Pond in Jianghuai Hilly Irrigation Area based on Water Supply and Demand Balance

SHI Yuying et al.

（School of Geographic Information and Tourism， Chuzhou University， Chuzhou 239000， China）

Abstract： Pond irrigation is the main way of agricultural irrigation in Jianghuai Hilly Area，the study on the drought resistance capacity of Pond irrigation area in Jianghuai Hilly Area is of great significance to the construction of Pond water conservancy project and the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure. Based on the high-resolution remote sensing image， the volume of the pond and the effective rainfall， the land use type， water supply and demand， and the drought resistance ability of the pond were analyzed under different rainfall frequency. The results show that the area of pond and dam is 3%～5% and that of paddy field is about 17%， but the area of dry land is quite different. The proportion of sample area 1 is more than 50%， about 5 times of sample area 2. The supply-demand ratio of water resources in sample area 1 is far less than 1， the supply-demand of water resources is unbalanced， and the supply-demand of water resources in sample area 2 is balanced. The drought resistance capacity of Pond in the two areas is 50.51% and 93.65% respectively， which reflects that the drought resistance capacity of Pond is significantly different under different land use structure; according to the probability of precipitation， the adjustment of agricultural production structure will help to regulate the balance of agricultural water supply and demand in the Jianghuai hilly irrigation area.

Key words： Drought resistance evaluation; Rainfall frequency; Water supply and Demand balance; Jianghuai Hilly irrigation area

江淮丘陵區(qū)地處南北氣候過(guò)渡帶，溫光適宜，雨熱同期，年平均降水量900～1000mm，降水量相對(duì)充足，但地區(qū)降水時(shí)空分布不均勻，季節(jié)分化明顯。區(qū)內(nèi)地形破碎、土壤貧瘠，降水難以長(zhǎng)時(shí)間在地表蓄積，從而形成了區(qū)域易旱現(xiàn)象;地下水儲(chǔ)藏深、水量少不易開(kāi)發(fā)，農(nóng)田灌溉和生活用水主要依靠塘壩系統(tǒng)蓄水。小型塘壩作為區(qū)域的主要灌溉水源，是解決區(qū)域干旱的重要的水利設(shè)施，對(duì)塘壩系統(tǒng)抗旱能力進(jìn)行評(píng)估，可以為嶺區(qū)抗旱及生產(chǎn)提供重要的參考。

當(dāng)前，國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者對(duì)江淮丘陵區(qū)干旱問(wèn)題日益關(guān)注。例如，蔣尚明、金菊良通過(guò)對(duì)江淮丘陵區(qū)自然、經(jīng)濟(jì)以及社會(huì)活動(dòng)等方面的分析，探討了該區(qū)干旱缺水的原因[1];中國(guó)氣象學(xué)會(huì)安徽省分會(huì)學(xué)術(shù)年會(huì)干旱小組通過(guò)對(duì)江淮丘陵區(qū)主要地形地貌，區(qū)域耕地面積以及過(guò)去近13年的干旱受災(zāi)情況的統(tǒng)計(jì)，對(duì)該區(qū)干旱情況進(jìn)行了探討研究[2]。曹升樂(lè)等以水資源的供需差值為旱情綜合評(píng)價(jià)的基礎(chǔ)，提出了2種旱情綜合評(píng)價(jià)方法[3]。Tabari構(gòu)建了氣候變化不確定性驅(qū)動(dòng)的干旱頻率分析模型，并應(yīng)用于加拿大Okanagan盆地夏季極端干旱頻率分析[4]。俄羅斯、澳大利亞等國(guó)也進(jìn)行了干旱災(zāi)難的天氣監(jiān)測(cè)及診斷研究[5-6]。