付利
書面表達(dá)中我們除了使用簡單句、從句,還應(yīng)該適時地準(zhǔn)確使用特殊句。在中規(guī)中矩的語句中,自然地使用特殊句式,不但會讓你書面表達(dá)的句式更加豐富,還會讓它在眾多作品中脫穎而出。
英語中的特殊句式主要包括強(qiáng)調(diào)句、省略句、倒裝句、反意疑問句和感嘆句。在書面表達(dá)中,我們常常使用的是強(qiáng)調(diào)句、省略句、倒裝句和感嘆句。這個專題也主要是對這四種句型進(jìn)行探究、講解和練習(xí)。同時,這部分也包括do、did、does 加動詞原形的強(qiáng)調(diào)。
Step 1 句法喚醒
1. (2020·全國乙卷)So touched was I that I was determined to spare no effort to study hard.
(so引導(dǎo)的倒裝句)
我是如此感動,并下定決心努力學(xué)習(xí)。
2. (2020·全國甲卷)It is through this activity that I have realized how important teamwork is. (強(qiáng)調(diào)句)
正是通過這個活動我才認(rèn)識到團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)作是多么重要。
3. (2019·江蘇卷)It's just the so-called inconvenience that displays the richness, delicacy and
great fascination of Chinese culture with a history of thousands of years. (強(qiáng)調(diào)句)
正是這所謂的不方便,展示了有著幾千年歷史的中國文化的豐富、精美和極大的魅力。
4. (2016·全國丙卷)If convenient for you, let's meet at 8:30 outside the school gate. (if引導(dǎo)的省略句)
如果你方便的話,我們就8:30在校門口碰面。
5. (2017·全國甲卷)Not only will our school's paper-cutting be displayed, but we will also have some valuable sets of paper-cutting works created by famous artists. (not only引導(dǎo)的倒裝句)
我們不僅會展示我們學(xué)校的剪紙作品,還會展出幾套珍貴的由著名藝術(shù)家創(chuàng)作的剪紙作品。
6. (2018·全國甲卷)As expected, it will not only arouse the pride of all the students in our school, but also serve as a motivation for everyone to study hard. (as引導(dǎo)的省略句)
正如所料,它不僅可以激發(fā)所有學(xué)生對學(xué)校的自豪之情,還會成為學(xué)生努力學(xué)習(xí)的動力。
7. (2018·全國乙卷)I do have a few suggestions for you. (do強(qiáng)調(diào)動詞)
我的確有些建議給你。
8. (2018·全國乙卷)Last but not least, while chewing, you need to avoid making noises. (while引導(dǎo)的省略句)
最后但同樣重要的是,在咀嚼的時候,你要避免嚼出聲音來。
9. (2019·全國甲卷)Only when we improve our skills and build up our strength can we ensure the victory. (only引導(dǎo)的倒裝句)
只有當(dāng)我們提高技藝、增強(qiáng)力量時,我們才能確保勝利。
10. (2016·江蘇卷)In short, Internet voting, to some extent, is unfair, if not immoral and cannot be trusted. (if 引導(dǎo)的省略句)
簡言之,網(wǎng)絡(luò)投票,在某種程度上,如果不是不道德的話,至少是不公平的,也是不可信的。
11. (2013·陜西卷)Tired as I was, I never felt so happy. (as引導(dǎo)的倒裝句)
雖然我很疲倦,但是我感到前所未有的高興。
12. (2013·重慶卷)If possible, how I hope you can help us by funding our project aimed at protecting finless porpoises. (if引導(dǎo)的省略句)
如果可能的話,我多么希望你能資助我們旨在保護(hù)江豚的項(xiàng)目。
13. (2014·陜西卷)As scheduled, we have English Talent Show today. (as引導(dǎo)的省略句)
根據(jù)安排,我們今天有一個英語達(dá)人秀。
Step 2 句法提點(diǎn)
一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句
(一)句型“It is/was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分 + that(強(qiáng)調(diào)人時也可以用who)...”可以對動詞以外的任何成分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。強(qiáng)調(diào)動詞用“do/does/did + 動詞原形”。強(qiáng)調(diào)句有陳述句、一般疑問句和特殊疑問句。
一般疑問句:Is/Was it + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that(強(qiáng)調(diào)人的時候可以用who)...?
特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞 + is/was it + that...?
強(qiáng)調(diào)句的判斷依據(jù)是,去掉It is/was...that/who以后,句子意思依然完整,結(jié)構(gòu)基本完整。
e.g. Steven碰巧在電影院碰到他的朋友Jacob。
Steven met his friend Jacob in the cinema by accident.
①? ? ? ? ? ? ②? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ③? ? ? ? ? ? ?④
對①、②、③、④分別強(qiáng)調(diào):
1. It was Steven that/who met his friend Jacob in the cinema by accident.
2. It was his friend Jacob that/who Steven met in the cinema by accident.
3. It was in the cinema that Steven met his friend Jacob by accident.
4. It was by accident that Steven met his friend Jacob in the cinema.
變成強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問句:
1. Was it Steven that/who met his friend Jacob in the cinema by accident?
2. Was it his friend Jacob that/who Steven met in the cinema by accident?
3. Was it in the cinema that Steven met his friend Jacob by accident?
4. Was it by accident that Steven met his friend Jacob in the cinema?
對畫線部分提問,變成強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問句:
1. Who was it that met Jacob in the cinema by accident?
2. Who was it that Steven met in the cinema by accident?
3. Where was it that Steven met his friend Jacob by accident?
4. How was it that Steven met his friend Jacob?
(二)強(qiáng)調(diào)句作賓語,用陳述語序。
1. 我想知道Steven在哪兒遇到Jacob的。
I wonder where it was that Steven met Jacob.
2. 沒有人知道火災(zāi)究竟是怎么發(fā)生的。
Nobody knows how it was that the fire broke out.
(三)not until用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型: It is/was not until...that...。
直到他摘下墨鏡,我才認(rèn)出他來。
It was not until he took off his sunglasses that I recognized him.
(四)強(qiáng)調(diào)動詞:do/did/does + 動詞原形。
1. I did see the Smiths yesterday.
2. He does like playing the violin.
二、省略句
(一)在時間、條件、讓步、方式狀語從句中,當(dāng)主句主語和從句主語一致,而且從句中帶有be動詞時,可以省略從句主語和be動詞。這種省略情況主要出現(xiàn)在when、while、if、unless、even if、as、than、as if、once、whenever, 以及wherever引導(dǎo)的從句中。
1. When (she was) very young, she began to learn to play the piano.
2. While (I was) at college, I got to know him.
3. Send the goods now if (they are) ready.
4. You should stay where you are, unless (you are) asked to leave.
5. If (I am) not invited, I won't go to his lecture.
6. While (I am) talking to him, I'm always weighing my words.
7. The kids are always told to be careful while (they are) crossing the road.
8. Once (they were) published, the books were sold out at once.
(二)if的其他省略
1. if so、if not省略前面整句話的內(nèi)容。
(1)It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine, if so, we'd better take it to the garage immediately.
(2)I don't know if he has reported his crime to the police, if not, he will get into more serious trouble.
2. if any省略there be結(jié)構(gòu)和前面出現(xiàn)過的名詞;if ever主要省略主語和動詞。
(1)Correct the mistakes, if (there are) any (mistakes), in these sentences.
(2)There are few people nowadays, if (there are) any (people), who remember him.
(3)He seldom, if (he) ever (did), breaks his promise.
(三)習(xí)慣性省略。當(dāng)possible、necessary和if、when、where、whenever、wherever一起出現(xiàn)時,習(xí)慣性省略it is。
1. Save water whenever (it is) necessary.
2. She learns English wherever (it is) possible.
3. If (it is) possible, donate to the people in need.
三、倒裝句
倒裝分為完全倒裝、部分倒裝和形式倒裝。倒裝是為了強(qiáng)調(diào),或者因?yàn)樯舷挛你暯拥男枰?/p>
(一)完全倒裝。主語和謂語完全交換位置。
1. there be句型:
(1)There is/stands a tower on the top of the mountain.
根據(jù)句意,be動詞可能有appear、live、exist、lie、remain、seem、stand等。
(2)Long long ago, there lived/was a couple, who lived a poor life.
2. here/there放句首,動詞是be、go、come、exist、follow、remain、lie等。
(1)There went the last bus.
(2)There goes the bell for break.
(3)Here you are. (主語是代詞不能倒裝)
3. out、in、up、down、away等表示運(yùn)動方向的副詞。
Out rushed a boy, with a kite in his hand.
Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away the thief escaped.
4. 表示方位的介詞短語放在句首。
(1)In front of the hall sat some professors, who were invited to be judges.
(2)Between the mountains lies a beautiful lake attracting many tourists every day.
(二)部分倒裝。結(jié)構(gòu):助動詞/情態(tài)動詞 + 主語 + 主動詞。
1. 否定詞放在句首。never、nor、not、hardly、little、seldom、rarely、scarcely,以及帶否定意義的介詞短語in no case、on no condition、by no means等。
(1)Never before have I seen such a moving movie.
(2)Little does many foreigners know about Chinese history but they often criticise what China has done.
(3)Hardly had my father got his salary when he mailed it home every month when my grandma was ill.
2. “only + 狀語”放句首。狀語可能是單詞,可能是介詞短語,也可能是句子。
(1)Only when we asked her did we know about her true ideas.
(2)Only in this way can we study in an efficient way.
(3)Only with joint efforts can we take good care of the environment.
“only + 主語”不倒裝:
Only he signed up for the activity. 只有他報名參加了這次活動。
3. 幾個固定句型:
(1)某人也如此:so + 助動詞 + sb
(2)某人也不:neither/nor + 助動詞 + sb
(3)not only...but also...句型中not only部分倒裝,but also部分不倒裝。
(4)not until + 狀語,倒裝主句動詞
Not until he told me did I know about the truth.
(5)so/such...that...“如此……以至……”
So touching was the story that I was moved to tears.
=Such a touching story was it that I was moved to tears.
四、感嘆句
感嘆句是對句子的某些部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。強(qiáng)調(diào)名詞用what來引導(dǎo),強(qiáng)調(diào)形容詞和副詞用how來引導(dǎo)。however + adj./adv.也可以理解為另一種形式的強(qiáng)調(diào)句。
1. What a nice boy he is!
2. How attractive the painting is!
3. However hard the task is, we'll finish it.
Step 3 單句過手
根據(jù)中文和括號里的提示,用特殊句式完成下列句子。
1. (2019·全國丙卷)按照安排,活動上午9點(diǎn)鐘開始,持續(xù)到12點(diǎn)。
_________________________, it will begin at 9 am and go on to 12 am. (as引導(dǎo)的省略句)
2. (2018·天津卷)按照計劃,比賽將于七月底在天津大學(xué)舉行。
_________________________, the competition will take place in late July in Tianjin University. (as引導(dǎo)的省略句)
3. (2017·江蘇卷)如圖表所示,從2012年至2015年,中國電影的票房收入在穩(wěn)步上升。
_________________________, the box-office income of Chinese films increased constantly from 2012 to 2015. (as引導(dǎo)的省略句)
4. (2019·全國丙卷)如果你到場的話,你肯定會喜歡精彩的中國民歌和西方音樂。
_________________________, you will be sure to enjoy wonderful Chinese folk songs and Western music. (if引導(dǎo)的省略句)
5. (2015·江蘇卷)重要的是那些遵守規(guī)則的人。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)
6. (2016·江蘇卷)首先,當(dāng)被要求去做他們不想做的事情的時候,人們會感覺很勉強(qiáng)。
First, people may feel forced_________________________that they don't want to. (when引導(dǎo)的省略句)
7. (2016·全國丙卷)如果不行,請讓我知道什么時間你最方便。
__________________________________________________, let me know what time suits you best. (if引導(dǎo)的省略句)
8. (2018·浙江卷)我乘坐的是FL753航班。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)
9. (2018·北京卷)如果你有其他的問題,務(wù)必讓我知曉。
If you have other questions,_________________________. (do作強(qiáng)調(diào))
10. (2019·江蘇卷)盡管漂亮又時尚,傳統(tǒng)的中國服裝在日常生活中還是顯得有點(diǎn)怪。
_________________________, traditional Chinese dress seems a little bit strange in routine life. (although引導(dǎo)的省略句)
11. (2019·全國甲卷)這周五下午,排球比賽將在操場舉行。
___________________________________________________________________________(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)
12. (2016·全國甲卷)你的參加,如果確定的話,將會給這次攝影展增加更多的樂趣。
Your participation,_________________________, will add more fun to the photo show. (省略句)
13. (2016·天津卷)給我們留下深刻印象的,不僅是你們的熱情,還有你們的團(tuán)隊(duì)精神和良好的精神狀態(tài)。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)
14. (2015·四川卷)我不僅被選為校廣播室的播音員,去年我還在我們市舉行的普通話比賽中得了二等獎。
_________________________, but also I won second prize of the Mandarin Contest held in our city last year. (倒裝句)
15. (2015·重慶卷)當(dāng)?shù)弥狟ookcrossing.com組織的這個項(xiàng)目時,我非常高興。
I'm more than delighted_________________________organized by Bookcrossing.com.(when引導(dǎo)的省略句)
16. (2014·天津卷)只有通過理解和互相學(xué)習(xí),我們才能愉快地一起度過這些時日。
Only by understanding and learning from each other_________________________together happily. (only引導(dǎo)的倒裝句)
17. (2013·安徽卷)我不但不隨處亂扔、亂吐,我還在任何可能的時候幫助打掃馬路。
_________________________, I will also help clean up the road_________________________. (倒裝句;省略句)
18. 雖然你不來我有點(diǎn)失望,但是我也尊重你的決定。
_________________________, I respect your decision. (as倒裝句)
19. (2013·天津卷)如果我當(dāng)選的話,我將竭盡所能幫助別人。
_________________________, I would do whatever I could to lend a hand to others. (if引導(dǎo)的省略句)
20. (2013·江西卷)這項(xiàng)活動不但讓我們親近了自然、從學(xué)習(xí)中放松,而且還增進(jìn)了彼此的友誼。
_________________________, but also it promoted the friendship among us. (not only引導(dǎo)的倒裝句)
21. (2013·江西卷)多美好的一天呀!
___________________________________________________________________________________________!(感嘆句)
Step 4 語篇活用
一、原題再現(xiàn)
假定你是中學(xué)生李華,你因?yàn)橐馔忮e過了外教Claire今天上午組織的口語考試?,F(xiàn)在你寫一封郵件給她,表達(dá)歉意。郵件內(nèi)容包括:
1. 誠懇致歉;
2. 解釋意外經(jīng)過;
3. 補(bǔ)救方法。
注意:
1. 可以適當(dāng)增添細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫;
2. 詞數(shù)100左右。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
二、根據(jù)中文提示,運(yùn)用特殊句式完成下面這封信。
Dear Claire,
I am writing to make a sincere apology to you for missing the English oral test this morning.
It happened as a result of an accident. This morning, I was knocked down by a motorbike on my way to school and I was sent to the nearest hospital. So I missed all the classes, the oral test included.
Actually, 1._________________________(你的課程如此有趣) that I've developed a deep love of speaking English. 2._________________________(是你的鼓勵和引導(dǎo)讓我取得了令人滿意的進(jìn)步). 3._________________________(雖然安排我們今天測試), I have made early preparations for it. 4._________________________(如果可能的話), would you please give me a chance to make it up? 5._________________________(如果這樣的話), I will be grateful for that.
I'm so sorry to cause inconvenience for your work and looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua