四川綿陽中學(xué) 付 利

書面表達(dá)中我們除了使用簡單句、從句，還應(yīng)該適時(shí)地準(zhǔn)確使用特殊句。 在中規(guī)中矩的語句中，自然地使用特殊句式，不但會(huì)讓你書面表達(dá)的句式更加豐富，還會(huì)讓它在眾多作品中脫穎而出。

英語中的特殊句式主要包括強(qiáng)調(diào)句、省略句、倒裝句、反意疑問句和感嘆句。 在書面表達(dá)中，我們常常使用的是強(qiáng)調(diào)句、省略句、倒裝句和感嘆句。 這個(gè)專題也主要是對(duì)這四種句型進(jìn)行探究、講解和練習(xí)。 同時(shí)，這部分也包括do、did、does 加動(dòng)詞原形的強(qiáng)調(diào)。

Step 1 句法喚醒

1. （2020·全國乙卷）So touched was Ithat I was determined to spare no effort to study hard.（so引導(dǎo)的倒裝句）

我是如此感動(dòng)，并下定決心努力學(xué)習(xí)。

2. （2020·全國甲卷）It is through this activity that I have realized how important teamwork is.（強(qiáng)調(diào)句）

正是通過這個(gè)活動(dòng)我才認(rèn)識(shí)到團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)作是多么重要。

3. （2019·江蘇卷）It's just the so-called inconvenience that displays the richness, delicacy and great fascination of Chinese culture with a history of thousands of years. （強(qiáng)調(diào)句）

正是這所謂的不方便，展示了有著幾千年歷史的中國文化的豐富、精美和極大的魅力。

4. （2016·全國丙卷）If convenient for you, let's meet at 8：30 outside the school gate. （if引導(dǎo)的省略句）

如果你方便的話，我們就8：30在校門口碰面。

5. （2017·全國甲卷）Not only will our school's paper-cutting be displayed, but we will also have some valuable sets of paper-cutting works created by famous artists. （not only引導(dǎo)的倒裝句）

我們不僅會(huì)展示我們學(xué)校的剪紙作品，還會(huì)展出幾套珍貴的由著名藝術(shù)家創(chuàng)作的剪紙作品。

6. （2018·全國甲卷）As expected,it will not only arouse the pride of all the students in our school,but also serve as a motivation for everyone to study hard. （as引導(dǎo)的省略句）

正如所料，它不僅可以激發(fā)所有學(xué)生對(duì)學(xué)校的自豪之情，還會(huì)成為學(xué)生努力學(xué)習(xí)的動(dòng)力。

7. （2018·全國乙卷）I do havea few suggestions for you. （do強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)詞）

我的確有些建議給你。

8. （2018·全國乙卷）Last but not least,while chewing, you need to avoid making noises. （while引導(dǎo)的省略句）

最后但同樣重要的是，在咀嚼的時(shí)候，你要避免嚼出聲音來。

9. （2019·全國甲卷）Only whenwe improve our skills and build up our strengthcan we ensure the victory. （only引導(dǎo)的倒裝句）

只有當(dāng)我們提高技藝、增強(qiáng)力量時(shí)，我們才能確保勝利。

10. （2016·江蘇卷）In short, Internet voting, to some extent, is unfair,if not immoraland cannot be trusted. （if 引導(dǎo)的省略句）

簡言之，網(wǎng)絡(luò)投票，在某種程度上，如果不是不道德的話，至少是不公平的，也是不可信的。

11. （2013·陜西卷）Tired as I was, I never felt so happy. （as引導(dǎo)的倒裝句）

雖然我很疲倦，但是我感到前所未有的高興。

12. （2013·重慶卷）If possible, how I hope you can help us by funding our project aimed at protecting finless porpoises. （if引導(dǎo)的省略句）

如果可能的話，我多么希望你能資助我們旨在保護(hù)江豚的項(xiàng)目。

13. （2014·陜西卷）As scheduled, we have English Talent Show today. （as引導(dǎo)的省略句）

根據(jù)安排，我們今天有一個(gè)英語達(dá)人秀。

Step 2 句法提點(diǎn)

一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句

（一）句型“It is/was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+ that（強(qiáng)調(diào)人時(shí)也可以用who）...”可以對(duì)動(dòng)詞以外的任何成分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)詞用“do/does/did + 動(dòng)詞原形”。強(qiáng)調(diào)句有陳述句、一般疑問句和特殊疑問句。

一般疑問句：Is/Was it + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that（強(qiáng)調(diào)人的時(shí)候可以用who）...?

特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+ is/was it + that...?

強(qiáng)調(diào)句的判斷依據(jù)是，去掉It is/was...that/who以后，句子意思依然完整，結(jié)構(gòu)基本完整。

e.g. Steven碰巧在電影院碰到他的朋友Jacob。

二、省略句

（一）在時(shí)間、條件、讓步、方式狀語從句中，當(dāng)主句主語和從句主語一致，而且從句中帶有be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可以省略從句主語和be動(dòng)詞。 這種省略情況主要出現(xiàn)在when、while、if、unless、even if、as、than、as if、once、whenever, 以及wherever引導(dǎo)的從句中。

1.When（she was）very young, she began to learn to play the piano.

2.While（I was）at college, I got to know him.

3. Send the goods nowif（they are）ready.

4. You should stay where you are,unless（you are）askedto leave.

5.If（I am）not invited, I won't go to his lecture.

6.While（I am）talking to him, I'm always weighing my words.

7. The kids are always told to be carefulwhile（they are）crossing the road.

8.Once（they were）published, the books were sold out at once.

（二）if的其他省略

1. if so、if not省略前面整句話的內(nèi)容。

（1）It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine,if so, we'd better take it to the garage immediately.

（2）I don't know if he has reported his crime to the police,if not, he will get into more serious trouble.

2. if any省略there be結(jié)構(gòu)和前面出現(xiàn)過的名詞；if ever主要省略主語和動(dòng)詞。

（1）Correct the mistakes,if（there are）any（mistakes）, in these sentences.

（2）There are few people nowadays,if（there are）any（people）, who remember him.

（3）He seldom,if（he）ever（did）, breaks his promise.

（三）習(xí)慣性省略。 當(dāng)possible、necessary和if、when、where、whenever、wherever一起出現(xiàn)時(shí)，習(xí)慣性省略it is。

1. Save waterwhenever（it is）necessary.

2. She learns Englishwherever（it is）possible.

3.If（it is）possible, donate to the people in need.

三、倒裝句

倒裝分為完全倒裝、部分倒裝和形式倒裝。 倒裝是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，或者因?yàn)樯舷挛你暯拥男枰?/p>

（一）完全倒裝。 主語和謂語完全交換位置。

1. there be句型：

（1）There is/standsa tower on the top of the mountain.

根據(jù)句意，be動(dòng)詞可能有appear、live、exist、lie、remain、seem、stand等。

（2）Long long ago, there lived/was a couple, who lived a poor life.

2. here/there放句首，動(dòng)詞是be、go、come、exist、follow、remain、lie等。

（1）There wentthe last bus.

（2）There goesthe bell for break.

（3）Here you are. （主語是代詞不能倒裝）

3. out、in、up、down、away等表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的副詞。

Out rushed a boy, with a kite in his hand.

Hearing the dog barking fiercely,away the thief escaped.

4. 表示方位的介詞短語放在句首。

（1）In front of the hall sat some professors, who were invited to be judges.

（2）Between the mountainslies a beautiful lakeattracting many tourists every day.

（二）部分倒裝。 結(jié)構(gòu)：助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ 主語+ 主動(dòng)詞。

1. 否定詞放在句首。 never、nor、not、hardly、little、seldom、rarely、scarcely，以及帶否定意義的介詞短語in no case、on no condition、by no means等。

（1）Never before have I seensuch a moving movie.

（2）Little does many foreigners know aboutChinese history but they often criticise what China has done.

（3）Hardly had my father got his salarywhen he mailed it home every month when my grandma was ill.

2. “only + 狀語”放句首。 狀語可能是單詞，可能是介詞短語，也可能是句子。

（1）Only when we asked herdid we know about her true ideas.

（2）Only in this waycan we studyin an efficient way.

（3）Only with joint effortscan we take good care of the environment.

“only + 主語”不倒裝：

3. 幾個(gè)固定句型：

（1）某人也如此：so + 助動(dòng)詞+ sb

（2）某人也不：neither/nor + 助動(dòng)詞+ sb

（3）not only...but also...句型中not only部分倒裝，but also部分不倒裝。

（4）not until + 狀語，倒裝主句動(dòng)詞

Not until he told me did I know about the truth.

（5）so/such...that...“如此……以至……”

So touching was the story that I was moved to tears.

=Such a touching story was it that I was moved to tears.

四、感嘆句

感嘆句是對(duì)句子的某些部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。 強(qiáng)調(diào)名詞用what來引導(dǎo)，強(qiáng)調(diào)形容詞和副詞用how來引導(dǎo)。 however +adj./adv.也可以理解為另一種形式的強(qiáng)調(diào)句。

1. What a nice boy he is!

2. How attractive the painting is!

3. However hard the task is, we'll finish it.

Step 3 單句過手

引導(dǎo)的省略句）

Step 4 語篇活用

一、原題再現(xiàn)

假定你是中學(xué)生李華， 你因?yàn)橐馔忮e(cuò)過了外教Claire今天上午組織的口語考試。 現(xiàn)在你寫一封郵件給她，表達(dá)歉意。 郵件內(nèi)容包括：

1. 誠懇致歉；

2. 解釋意外經(jīng)過；

3. 補(bǔ)救方法。

注意：

1. 可以適當(dāng)增添細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；

2. 詞數(shù)100左右。

二、根據(jù)中文提示，運(yùn)用特殊句式完成下面這封信。

Dear Claire,

I am writing to make a sincere apology to you for missing the English oral test this morning.

It happened as a result of an accident. This morning, I was knocked down by a motorbike on my way to school and I was sent to the nearest hospital. So I missed all the classes, the oral test included.

Actually, 1._______________（你的課程如此有趣） that I've developed a deep love of speaking English. 2.________________（是你的鼓勵(lì)和引導(dǎo)讓我取得了令人滿意的進(jìn)步）. 3.________________（雖然安排我們今天測(cè)試）, I have made early preparations for it. 4.________________（如果可能的話）, would you please give me a chance to make it up? 5.________________（如果這樣的話）, I will be grateful for that.

I'm so sorry to cause inconvenience for your work and looking forward to your reply.Yours sincerely,Li Hua