70患者與Harri"/>
傅升培 黃祥文 李澤添
【摘要】 目的:探討老年股骨粗隆間骨折不同手術(shù)治療的效果,分析患者預(yù)后相關(guān)影響因素。方法:收集2018年5月-2019年5月筆者所在醫(yī)院治療的老年股骨粗隆間骨折患者,按手術(shù)方式微創(chuàng)內(nèi)固定系統(tǒng)(LISS)、滑動(dòng)加壓動(dòng)力髖螺釘(DHS)及股骨近端防旋髓內(nèi)釘(PFNA)分為三組,每組20例。比較三組手術(shù)相關(guān)指標(biāo)(手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)中失血量、骨折愈合時(shí)間、住院時(shí)間及術(shù)后并發(fā)癥等),并采用Harris評(píng)分法評(píng)價(jià)患者1、3、6個(gè)月的髖關(guān)節(jié)功能。并對(duì)比分析Harris評(píng)分>70患者與Harris評(píng)分<70患者的基本資料,采用多元Logistic回歸分析患者預(yù)后的影響因素。結(jié)果:(1)手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)中失血量由高至低分別為DHS組、LISS組、PFNA組,且差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。PFNA組的住院時(shí)間、術(shù)后并發(fā)癥率均顯著少于LISS組與DHS組(P<0.05),LIIS組與DHS組差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);LISS組患者骨折愈合時(shí)間稍長(zhǎng)于DHS及PFNA組,但三組差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。(2)PFNA組術(shù)后1個(gè)月、3個(gè)月Harris評(píng)分顯著優(yōu)于LISS組及DHS組(P<0.05)。三組患者術(shù)后6個(gè)月Harris評(píng)分差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。(3)Harris評(píng)分>70患者的年齡、骨折分型、術(shù)后首次負(fù)重時(shí)間、術(shù)后并發(fā)癥率等與Harris評(píng)分<70患者比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);Logistic分析發(fā)現(xiàn)骨折分型、術(shù)后首次負(fù)重時(shí)間是影響患者預(yù)后的影響因素。結(jié)論:PFNA術(shù)治療老年股骨粗隆間骨折的效果要優(yōu)于LISS術(shù)與DHS術(shù),具有更小手術(shù)創(chuàng)傷、更少并發(fā)癥率,對(duì)患者預(yù)后恢復(fù)效果更佳。骨折分型與術(shù)后首次負(fù)重時(shí)間是影響患者預(yù)后的影響因素。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 老年 股骨粗隆間骨折 手術(shù) 因素
doi:10.14033/j.cnki.cfmr.2020.21.051 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 B 文章編號(hào) 1674-6805(2020)21-0-04
Analysis of the Operative Effect and Prognostic Factors of Intertrochanteric Fracture in the Elderly/FU Shengpei, HUANG Xiangwen, LI Zetian. //Chinese and Foreign Medical Research, 2020, 18(21): -126
[Abstract] Objective: To explore the operative effect and prognostic factors of intertrochanteric fracture in the elderly. Method: The elderly patients with intertrochanteric fracture of femur treated in our hospital from May 2018 to May 2019 were divided into three groups according to LISS operation, DHS operation and PFNA operation, 20 in each group. The operation related indexes (operation time, intraoperative blood loss, fracture healing time, hospitalization time and postoperative complications) were compared among the three groups. The hip joint function of patients at 1, 3 and 6 months were evaluated with Harris scoring method. The basic data of patients with Harris score>70 and patients with Harris score<70 were compared, and the influencing factors of prognosis were analyzed by multiple Logistic regression. Result: (1) The operation time and blood loss during operation from high to low were DHS group, LISS group and PFNA group respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The hospitalization time and postoperative complication rate of PFNA group were significantly lower than those of LISS group and DHS group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between LISS group and DHS group (P>0.05). The fracture healing time of LISS group was slightly longer than that of DHS group and PFNA group, but there was no significant difference among the three groups (P>0.05). (2) The Harris score of PFNA group was significantly better than that of LISS group and DHS group after 1 month and 3 month (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in Harris score between the three groups after 6 month (P>0.05). (3)There were significant differences in age, fracture classification, time of first postoperative weight-bearing and postoperative complication rate between patients with Harris score>70 and those with Harris score<70 (P<0.05). Logistic analysis showed that fracture classification and the time of first postoperative weight-bearing were the factors influencing the prognosis of patients. Conclusion: PFNA is better than LISS and DHS in the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture of femur in the elderly. It has less surgical trauma, less complication rate and better effect on the prognosis of patients. Fracture classification and the time of first postoperative weight-bearing are the factors influencing the prognosis of patients.
[Key words] The elderly Intertrochanteric fracture Operation Influence
First-authors address: Yunan Peoples Hospital, Yunan 527199, China
老年人骨質(zhì)疏松,骨強(qiáng)度下降,受到外傷后更易出現(xiàn)骨折。股骨粗隆間骨折是我國(guó)老年人常見的骨折現(xiàn)象,發(fā)生率高。但是由于老年人機(jī)體恢復(fù)能力差,對(duì)于手術(shù)的耐受性普遍不高,因此部分患者多采用保守治療[1-2]。保守治療雖然可以保證患者免受手術(shù)痛苦,但長(zhǎng)期的臥床會(huì)影響患者髖關(guān)節(jié)功能恢復(fù),而且會(huì)引起其他相關(guān)癥狀如吸入性肺炎、褥瘡等。隨著近年來骨科醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,衍生出多種股骨粗隆間骨折手術(shù)方式,而且不乏發(fā)展出更適合于老年人的手術(shù)治療方式。目前常用固定方式有微創(chuàng)內(nèi)固定系統(tǒng)(less invasive stabilization system,LISS)、滑動(dòng)加壓動(dòng)力髖螺釘(dynamic hip screw,DHS)及股骨近端防旋髓內(nèi)釘(proximal femoral nail anti-rotation,PFNA)等,不過手術(shù)方式不同,手術(shù)相關(guān)指標(biāo)及預(yù)后可能有所不同[3-5]。而老年人多合并各種慢性疾病,機(jī)體恢復(fù)能力相對(duì)較弱,所以選擇何種手術(shù)方式需要綜合考慮。本研究采用上述三種手術(shù)方式對(duì)60例老年股骨粗隆間骨折患者進(jìn)行手術(shù)治療,探討相關(guān)手術(shù)指標(biāo),并分析影響患者預(yù)后恢復(fù)的相關(guān)因素。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
收集2018年5月-2019年5月筆者所在醫(yī)院治療的老年股骨粗隆間骨折患者共60例,納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)60歲<年齡<95歲;(2)受傷前患肢功能正常;(3)符合Evans分型標(biāo)準(zhǔn);(4)配合術(shù)后早期康復(fù)訓(xùn)練。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)合并嚴(yán)重臟器官疾病;(2)合并惡性腫瘤;(3)合并盆骨、脊柱等骨折;(4)有溝通、認(rèn)知障礙。按手術(shù)適應(yīng)證和禁忌證分為L(zhǎng)ISS組、DHS組及PFNA組,每組20例。其中LISS組男女比例為10∶10,年齡62~87歲,平均(73.3±3.7)歲,其中摔傷16例,高處墜傷2例,車禍2例。
骨折分型為EvansⅠ型3例,Ⅱ型4例,Ⅲ型10例,Ⅳ型3例。DHS組男女比例12∶8,年齡63~90歲,平均(75.1±4.6)歲,其中摔傷17例,高處墜傷2例,車禍1例。骨折分型為Evans Ⅰ型2例,Ⅱ型3例,Ⅲ型11例,Ⅳ型4例。PFNA組男女比例11∶9,年齡61~89歲,平均(73.8±3.9)歲,其中摔傷17例,高處墜傷1例,車禍2例。骨折分型為EvansⅠ型3例,Ⅱ型3例,Ⅲ型11例,Ⅳ型3例。三組患者入組基本信息比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。本研究經(jīng)筆者所在醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)理論委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)后開展。
1.2 方法
所有患者術(shù)前均進(jìn)行術(shù)前常規(guī)檢查與外傷護(hù)理,待生命體征穩(wěn)定后行腰硬聯(lián)合麻醉或全麻,患者取仰臥位,墊高術(shù)側(cè),麻醉滿意后采取不同手術(shù)治療。(1)LISS組患者手術(shù)方式:術(shù)側(cè)髖關(guān)節(jié)股骨粗隆轉(zhuǎn)角外側(cè)為手術(shù)切口,切口寬度4~6 cm。皮膚組織切開后對(duì)術(shù)區(qū)肌肉組織進(jìn)行分離,暴露術(shù)區(qū),在C型臂透視下進(jìn)行骨折復(fù)位操作。選擇尺寸合適的LISS鋼板倒置插入股骨,檢查L(zhǎng)ISS鋼板與股骨的貼合度,滿意后在C型臂透視下在支架近端釘入第1枚釘子用于定位、在支架最遠(yuǎn)端釘入第2枚釘子用于初步鎖定。推緊鋼板并調(diào)整至滿意位置后,分別將剩余釘子打入,完成鋼板固定。C型臂透視下檢查釘子固定情況,滿意后進(jìn)行術(shù)區(qū)清理及切口縫合。(2)DHS組患者手術(shù)方式:選擇髖關(guān)節(jié)外側(cè)為手術(shù)切口入路,切口長(zhǎng)度10~15 cm,依次切口皮膚與肌肉組織后進(jìn)行骨折復(fù)位操作。C型臂透視下在股骨粗隆上端頭頸中釘入DHS導(dǎo)針進(jìn)行預(yù)固定。調(diào)整正側(cè)位角度,滿意后在DHS導(dǎo)針上分釘入防旋釘,測(cè)量DHS導(dǎo)針長(zhǎng)度后進(jìn)行攻絲處理,并選擇長(zhǎng)度合適的DHS螺絲釘擰入。完成固定后置入鋼板,調(diào)整鋼板位置滿意后分別釘入固定螺釘,完成鋼板固定。透視下檢查鋼板及釘子情況,滿意后清理術(shù)區(qū)、置入引流管并縫合切口。(3)PFNA組患者手術(shù)方式:手術(shù)切口入路與LISS相同,切口長(zhǎng)度3~5 cm,依次切開皮膚與肌肉組織,處理后暴露術(shù)區(qū)。在粗隆頂點(diǎn)進(jìn)針,保證導(dǎo)針居中進(jìn)行股骨遠(yuǎn)端擴(kuò)髓,選擇大小合適的PFNA主釘置入,在C型臂透視下調(diào)整主釘深度與角度。然后測(cè)量骨質(zhì)導(dǎo)針長(zhǎng)度,并選擇長(zhǎng)度合適的螺旋刀片鎖定遠(yuǎn)端螺釘。最后C型臂透視下檢查處置情況,滿意后清理術(shù)區(qū)、置入引流管并縫合切口。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)
(1)統(tǒng)計(jì)患者手術(shù)相關(guān)指標(biāo)(手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)中失血量、骨折愈合時(shí)間、住院時(shí)間及術(shù)后并發(fā)癥等);(2)Harris髖關(guān)節(jié)功能評(píng)分,總分100分,<70分表示差,70~79分為尚可,80~89分為較好,90分以上為優(yōu);(3)統(tǒng)計(jì)所有患者基本資料,包括性別、年齡、骨折原因、骨折分型、術(shù)后首次負(fù)重時(shí)間、術(shù)后并發(fā)癥率、手術(shù)方式等。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
本研究所有數(shù)據(jù)以SPSS 19.0進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析。手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)中失血量、骨折愈合時(shí)間、住院時(shí)間及Harris評(píng)分等計(jì)量資料以(x±s)表示,符合正態(tài)分布采用t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料以率(%)表示,采用字2檢驗(yàn),多元回歸分析采用Logistic分析,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 三組患者手術(shù)指標(biāo)比較
手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)中失血量由高至低分別為DHS組、LISS組、PFNA組,且差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。PFNA組的住院時(shí)間、術(shù)后并發(fā)癥率均顯著少于LISS組與DHS組(P<0.05),LIIS組與DHS組則無顯著差異(P>0.05);LISS組患者骨折愈合時(shí)間稍多于DHS及PFNA組,但三組差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),見表1。