師立新
這是一本以平常心叩訪和行走的詩(shī)集,字里行間真誠(chéng)而不失浪漫,任由風(fēng)吹雨打,卻從來(lái)不會(huì)喪失對(duì)塵世的真愛(ài)。能坦誠(chéng)遵循自己靈魂走勢(shì)而書(shū)寫(xiě)的人,文字間必然呈現(xiàn)這種純粹,更可由此而見(jiàn)其真性情。
在昆明的夜晚讀《捕星錄》,只覺(jué)得一片柔和把自己包裹。窗外,夜色恰好也那么柔和,天空幽靜,無(wú)數(shù)星星明閃閃的,很應(yīng)景。
與吳重生未曾謀面,亦不相識(shí),但見(jiàn)字如面便是見(jiàn)字相識(shí)了。他應(yīng)該很溫和,很善良,有成熟男人的普世大愛(ài),還有滿(mǎn)眼柔軟的慈悲。因?yàn)?,《捕星錄》不是深邃或?fù)雜的,詩(shī)集內(nèi)容涉及行走大地的熱愛(ài),還有親情、友情及鄉(xiāng)愁的呈現(xiàn)。詩(shī)句里是人間煙火的溫暖,而且,幾乎都與行走有關(guān)。由此,可以確定的是,“行走”是詩(shī)人的精神內(nèi)核,這本詩(shī)集的主旨是浪漫的,詩(shī)歌總體的意象營(yíng)造都極為寬泛,與作品需要的詩(shī)歌意境能夠高度契合。
一
在我所接觸過(guò)的詩(shī)歌理論中,英國(guó)詩(shī)人約翰·濟(jì)慈的美學(xué)思想尤得我心。他的“美就是真,真就是美”的質(zhì)樸詩(shī)學(xué)理念,一直與我賞析現(xiàn)代詩(shī)的浪漫主義觀點(diǎn)有著令人驚訝的相似。真情之下,吳重生這樣寫(xiě)道:“我是運(yùn)河的搬運(yùn)工,我搬運(yùn)運(yùn)河/也搬運(yùn)自己的人生/船隊(duì)就是我的馬隊(duì),而你是我的太陽(yáng)……無(wú)論我走向哪里/都在心里丈量自己與運(yùn)河的距離……”(《大運(yùn)河是一條太陽(yáng)河》);“江底的生物正在進(jìn)行壯闊的遠(yuǎn)征/沿著長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的太陽(yáng)的影子,我找到了你……給你春雷,讓它滾過(guò)你少年的田壟/給你火把,讓它照耀你解凍的河堤”(《給你火把,照耀你解凍的河堤》)……這些詩(shī)作中,詩(shī)人的情感在緩緩釋放,個(gè)人的主觀理想、個(gè)體愛(ài)憎,極鮮明地達(dá)到擴(kuò)張。詩(shī)歌將詩(shī)人的個(gè)體真情傳達(dá)到讀者心里,做到了詩(shī)人與讀者的人際維護(hù)。這種閱讀感受多么美好。
詩(shī)歌的美學(xué)價(jià)值,在詩(shī)作中淋漓盡致。詩(shī)歌的文字感染力,有時(shí)是話(huà)語(yǔ)不可做到的?!恫缎卿洝芬彩占嗽?shī)人不同階段創(chuàng)作的季節(jié)詩(shī),如《春日十詠》《我把手伸過(guò)長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的夏季》《雪地六題》《秋日詠懷》《五月十章》等,詩(shī)作無(wú)一例外地展示出所描述的當(dāng)季畫(huà)面,開(kāi)合有度,留白適中,讓讀者從詞語(yǔ)上直接黏合情感又順應(yīng)詩(shī)意的感能與悟知。
我對(duì)詩(shī)歌的寫(xiě)作和批評(píng)一直抱有敬畏之心,常對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)寫(xiě)作環(huán)境中的虛無(wú)與作秀頗為失望。本集中的詩(shī)作,讓我讀到了真與美的維持,這是詩(shī)人創(chuàng)作中個(gè)人主體性的自覺(jué),非常難得。
二
吳重生的詩(shī)歌品質(zhì),是柔和的,如同敘家常。詩(shī)人的故事性和柔和度,很好地附著了詩(shī)性的成長(zhǎng)。本集作品中,詩(shī)人對(duì)親情的寫(xiě)作占有較大比重。女兒是詩(shī)人生命教育過(guò)程中,最親密的責(zé)任方。詩(shī)人從作品間體現(xiàn)了慈愛(ài)的指認(rèn),他的語(yǔ)言態(tài)度、修辭策略、精神趨向,較好地統(tǒng)一了詩(shī)作的特指層面。如:“孩子走出,西南門(mén)就空了……眼神穿越季節(jié)的門(mén)簾/叮嚀落在你的發(fā)際……走出來(lái)時(shí),你帶著風(fēng)/而我,站在自己的世界看你/如看少年時(shí)代連綿起伏的麥浪……”(《北大西南門(mén)》);“我關(guān)注你已經(jīng)很久了/從你成為黃河奔流開(kāi)始/從你成為白霧升騰開(kāi)始/從你成為紫云集結(jié)開(kāi)始……紅色通知書(shū)已在你手上/大地正式錄取你成為山川的一部分……”(《大地正式錄取你成為山川的一部分》);“今夜,天空格外寧?kù)o/你在燕園的某一朵荷花旁側(cè)聽(tīng)詩(shī)……一個(gè)父親在月壇寫(xiě)詩(shī)/寫(xiě)成一行,便用白云擦去/他的安慰正在天空下成長(zhǎng)”(《寫(xiě)在女兒生日之際》)等。以上詩(shī)作,細(xì)讀下來(lái),就是一位父親的獨(dú)白。其中,“麥浪”“山川”“成長(zhǎng)”等名詞,都體現(xiàn)出詩(shī)人眼里的思慮、隱藏的血親柔情。親情的宣泄,不需要廣闊的天地,一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)一個(gè)角落就可觸摸到人間最靜好的關(guān)愛(ài),而來(lái)自詞語(yǔ)間的推助,把詩(shī)歌的生命意識(shí)和內(nèi)心省察往深度拓展。這正是我眼里的好詩(shī):情感真摯,意境跳躍,內(nèi)質(zhì)張弛有度。
現(xiàn)代人因工作等因素,很多都經(jīng)歷過(guò)背離故鄉(xiāng),于是,鄉(xiāng)愁在詩(shī)人的文字間就開(kāi)始茂盛。如“……祖居地沒(méi)有閑著/陰晴雨雪,一切都如約而至……”(《祖居地》);“那是我在屋后園種下的十萬(wàn)個(gè)預(yù)言/如今有一半已開(kāi)花結(jié)籽……”(《我給鄉(xiāng)愁交出的第一份投名狀》),滿(mǎn)紙清愁,詩(shī)人使用本體和喻體并列關(guān)系的隱喻,讓鄉(xiāng)愁在敘事中泛起些許無(wú)奈,這卻正是現(xiàn)實(shí)與客觀意愿的矛盾交織。無(wú)解的題,只有無(wú)解。類(lèi)似表達(dá),在本集作品里不時(shí)可以讀到。我的理解是,詩(shī)人以微小的心境寫(xiě)實(shí),分享出的是對(duì)故鄉(xiāng)的精神守望,對(duì)生活的認(rèn)知、體會(huì)、感慨及無(wú)處可消解的惆悵。從思想高度的層面來(lái)看,詩(shī)人對(duì)生活抱有極大的良善之心。集子里的這類(lèi)詩(shī)歌還因此產(chǎn)生了互文性,也就是說(shuō),能讓讀者的閱讀發(fā)現(xiàn)和文本發(fā)現(xiàn)形成互為現(xiàn)實(shí)的關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)系,這回歸到了中國(guó)古典詩(shī)歌的審美,使讀者在閱讀過(guò)程中對(duì)文本理解形成感性思維。這一點(diǎn),應(yīng)該是詩(shī)人文字創(chuàng)作中的另一特色。需要讀懂的是,詩(shī)人的親情與鄉(xiāng)愁類(lèi)詩(shī)作并不是單指自己,應(yīng)該延伸到了當(dāng)下明示或暗指的生命感悟。
三
吳重生的詩(shī)歌行走,是生命體驗(yàn)對(duì)自然的貼行。行程里的真摯、疼痛、寂寞、快樂(lè),讓詩(shī)人把行走的日常依空間轉(zhuǎn)換,強(qiáng)化出詩(shī)作的當(dāng)下立場(chǎng),以歷史元素和類(lèi)似實(shí)地勘察研究的形式為基點(diǎn),完成了行程中的詩(shī)性塑造。本集作品中,詩(shī)人的行走詩(shī)作沒(méi)有宏大的說(shuō)教和媚俗,沒(méi)有戾氣和過(guò)激,只以所見(jiàn)所感的視角及男人寬廣的包容心走筆。這些詩(shī)作活在生活之中,而行走是生活現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的一個(gè)部分,文字的顯示必然加入了其歷史性、地域性和寫(xiě)作態(tài)度。如“謝靈運(yùn)的芒鞋、李白的酒盞/杜甫的拐杖、陸放翁的斗笠/他們的影和形/正是越劇青色的前世……/滄浪的波光與火焰在大地之上/這一刻,東王村頭的樟樹(shù)已老”(《在剡溪,我愿投水為魚(yú)》),面對(duì)歷史,可以歌也可以訴。此詩(shī)以?xún)A訴式行文,浩浩蕩蕩,節(jié)奏明快,意境開(kāi)闊,有一氣呵成之感,細(xì)節(jié)處理較完好。又如“……運(yùn)河是一把尺子/為每一個(gè)走南闖北的人/丈量身高和體溫”(《運(yùn)河是一把尺子》),本詩(shī)語(yǔ)言平實(shí),歷史與現(xiàn)實(shí)的單元提及到位,文字流放著液態(tài)的姿容,文化的背景、節(jié)奏感都很適當(dāng),很溫婉。行走詩(shī)作的在場(chǎng)感,可體現(xiàn)為虛構(gòu)和非虛構(gòu),但均是為達(dá)到作品預(yù)期的言說(shuō),只要語(yǔ)境深度滿(mǎn)足了語(yǔ)言的包容性及關(guān)聯(lián)性,這就足夠讓詩(shī)歌的內(nèi)質(zhì)蘊(yùn)含豐富或堅(jiān)強(qiáng)有力。
當(dāng)一個(gè)人的詩(shī)歌語(yǔ)言已融入其生命的日常,我完全可以確定他的行走和生活軌跡是有溫度的。如“這個(gè)杜鵑花開(kāi)的季節(jié)/有一些說(shuō)不明白的選擇題……小區(qū)內(nèi)的櫻花瓣飄落了一地/那個(gè)潮濕的夜晚/已被我遺忘在少年時(shí)代的衣柜里”(《有一種守望叫掬水望月》)、“屋后園的磨刀石在葡萄架下沉默/一堆花瓣,堆砌江南風(fēng)情萬(wàn)種……有時(shí)候,雨是一種感情符號(hào)/它的出現(xiàn),代表著一個(gè)季節(jié)的重生……這是一個(gè)生者的節(jié)日/所有的路標(biāo),都指向哲學(xué)深處”(《我確信檀宮是一座宮殿》)??此撇恢獾恼Z(yǔ)言,恰恰富有張力及拓展性,承接而下地確保了所需的表達(dá)嵌進(jìn)審美經(jīng)驗(yàn)的敘事。生活是多種狀態(tài)的,詩(shī)人的創(chuàng)作也就制造了多種狀態(tài),詩(shī)歌想象力加以詩(shī)歌神性的遇合,推高了意境的領(lǐng)域。
四
本詩(shī)集中,大組詩(shī)讓人不可回避。其中名為“組詩(shī)”的詩(shī)作,由“上城,你的光芒足夠我照耀一生”“湖濱”“望江”“上城邑”四首詩(shī)組成,是本集最全面覆蓋表象和內(nèi)質(zhì)的一組詩(shī)作。我無(wú)法得知詩(shī)人創(chuàng)作的緣由,但能夠從中讀到詩(shī)作散發(fā)的熱情、慈悲、感動(dòng)和希望。組詩(shī)的第一首,開(kāi)頭是:“我是一個(gè)待出閣的少女/西子湖水養(yǎng)育了我,東海潮水滋潤(rùn)了我……”,大長(zhǎng)詩(shī)的氣度,穩(wěn)定了詩(shī)作的起點(diǎn),柔和中告知天下,這是一塊寶地,如少女一般有活力和朝氣。“我”是“上城”,意象的使用,于詩(shī)作開(kāi)頭就迅速出現(xiàn)。在此后的“湖濱”“望江”“上城邑”三首詩(shī)作里,類(lèi)似的意象使用,比比皆是。將貌似沒(méi)有承接關(guān)系的各首詩(shī)在明暗之間關(guān)聯(lián)起來(lái),鍛軋出一個(gè)個(gè)分鏡頭般的意境。過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在、未來(lái)、時(shí)間、空間、大愛(ài)、友情、激情、希望,四首詩(shī)組合的傾述長(zhǎng)度,在“上城邑”得到實(shí)體降落“……上城邑,上城邑/我是你青石板上的一顆雨粒/你的歷史如秦嶺,莽莽蒼蒼/我要用你斑斕的墨韻、五彩的線條/在柳浪聞鶯的頭頂/書(shū)寫(xiě)新時(shí)代的傳奇……”。這組詩(shī)的閱讀感很開(kāi)闊,意境豐盈,沒(méi)有人為障礙,沒(méi)有任何桎梏,這應(yīng)該就是詩(shī)歌先天的樣子,必須表情達(dá)意,又不失詩(shī)歌的追求和探索。在最末的那首“上城邑”中,以“上城邑,上城邑”為每節(jié)詩(shī)作的起頭在反復(fù),這個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)的添加很好地照應(yīng)到本組詩(shī)的第一首詩(shī)作,這是詩(shī)人的睿智之處。本組詩(shī)里每首詩(shī)作都清新干凈、血脈相關(guān),詩(shī)歌的“互文性”又一次得到明指。有修養(yǎng)和大愛(ài)的詩(shī)人,能用文本給讀者展現(xiàn)社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的可視范圍,他的在場(chǎng)是鮮活的。行走的詩(shī)不是日記,吳重生的詩(shī)作已自如地剝開(kāi)事物表層的局限性,加入倫理道德、日常向上、現(xiàn)實(shí)問(wèn)詢(xún),從而,建立了一個(gè)獨(dú)享的書(shū)寫(xiě)體系。
本詩(shī)集中短詩(shī)較少,接近小詩(shī)體的詩(shī)作更少,這可能與詩(shī)人的寫(xiě)作習(xí)慣有關(guān),但都無(wú)礙對(duì)本集詩(shī)作的賞析。
吳重生的詩(shī)作,行走和生命并重地存在著。閱讀過(guò)程不晦澀也不灰色,文字間總有溫暖與柔和。詩(shī)人把一份個(gè)人的生命體驗(yàn),推送到關(guān)注行走中的生命態(tài)度及現(xiàn)實(shí)狀態(tài)的大環(huán)境,這是他持有的人生洞察和領(lǐng)悟。
Chasing Stars:Wu Chongshengs Poems
By Shi Lixin
Reading? by Wu Chongsheng under the starry, early autumn sky at night in Kunming, I felt the caress of immense softness. The nocturnal scene outside was a perfect match with the poems.
I never got the chance to meet the poet, but I could feel him when reading the poems. He must be a gentle, kind man with so much love to share from his heart. The love and nostalgia in the poems is tangible and real. He must be a man who is always on the road, casting his gentle gaze toward the heartwarming moments of the human world. One thing is for sure, that is, romanticism is the substance of .
I am a hard-core fan of John Keats (1791-1825) and his declaration in : Beauty is truth, truth beauty. The unique style of romanticism in his poems fascinates me. In Wus poems, I feel something similar. One poem reads: I am the remover of the canal, and of my own life, the fleet is the caravan, and you are my sun. Another poem has such lines as follows: Wherever I go, I am measuring the distance between myself and the canal, the Grand Canal Is the Canal of the Sun, I find you, by following the shadow of the sun, I bring you the spring thunder, and it rolls into your memory of boyish years, I bring you the torch, and the snow on the dike thaws.
The emotion of the poet is slowly released in the verses, with his ideals, love and hatred so fully and powerfully expressed that it hits the readers heart like an arrow. The poems have the magic that makes the poet and the reader feel each other, and such a reading experience is just beautiful.
The literary beauty of poetry is sometimes beyond words, as can be seen in the poems about seasons included in . Obviously, Wu is a master of “l(fā)ess is more”. In his ode to the four seasons, the reader can follow the authors subtle emotional clues to reach and enjoy emotional revelations.
Wus poems have the power to bring me back from the abyss of disappointments in the futility and superficiality of the reality of the modern literary circle. His pursuit of truth and beauty, and his self-consciousness, makes him stand out in the crowd.
However, the powerful side of the quality of Wus poetry does not negate tenderness. Many of the poets works are homey and storytelling. In the collection, family bond takes a significant place. Many of the poems show the his education about life for his daughter. In , he wrote: The sky has never been so tranquil, you are standing beside a water lily, listening to a poem, the father is writing a poem on the altar of the moon, the verses are erased by the clouds.
The subdued love and thoughts of a father spill over and stream down into the heart of the reader. Wus poems are all about life awareness and insight, and are thusly sincere and touching.
Leaving ones roots seems to be one of the diseases of modernity. Nostalgia is also Wus favorite motif. In , he wrote: My ancestral home still has four seasons and everything...The melancholy in these simple words is also a mans endless love for life.
Wu Chongsheng has also proven a master in intertextuality, which explains the readers empathizing when reading his poems and renders the poems with the aesthetic trait of Chinese classical poetry.
Wus journey in the world of poetry is his intimate connection with the nature. His sincerity, pain, loneliness and happiness are all transformed into a poetic language of his own. His poems have no room for mechanical preaching or kitschy cynicism. What he does is putting down what he sees and feels, and filling the words with the love of a tolerant heart. His poems are part of his everyday life, and are as natural as the flow of water.
When I feel the pulses of real life in his poems, I am sure I have found a man who lives his life to its fullest. The soft petals fallen from cherry trees, the knife stone sitting still under the grape trellis, the raindrops, the beginning of a new season...The multifaceted nature of life is the source of the multifaceted characteristic of Wus poems.
A special part of the collection is a series of what I call “suites” that include four long pieces narrating four urban areas of Hangzhou. In the series, “intertextuality” is again expressed with ease.
The collection also includes a few short poems and several improvisations.