by Grace Fleming

景一 編譯

Have you ever wondered how you can bomb1 a test after studying for hours？ A poor test result after many hours of studying is really confusing. If this happens to you， its possible that your current study habits are failing you， but you can turn them.

你是否想知道，在復(fù)習(xí)了好幾個小時后，為什么還能把考試搞砸？好幾個小時的認真學(xué)習(xí)只換來糟糕的考試成績，這真的很令人困惑。如果這種情況發(fā)生在你身上，可能是你目前的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣不對，但你可以改變它們。

1. Taking Linear2 Notes做線性筆記

Linear notes are lecture notes that students take when they try to write down every word of a lecture in good order. You may be wondering： How can it be bad to write every word of a lecture？ Its not bad to write every word of a lecture， but it is bad to think youre studying effectively if you dont follow up with your linear notes in some way.

You must revisit your notes and put all the information into a chart3 or outline. Right before every new lecture， you should review your notes from days past. You should think and make relationships between key concepts4 before you sit down for a new lecture.

做線性筆記指的是，學(xué)生在做課堂筆記時試圖按順序記下每一個單詞。你可能會想：把課堂的每一個字都記下來不好嗎？把一堂課的每一個字都記下來并不是壞事，但如果你不對你的線性筆記采取任何后續(xù)手段，卻認為自己是在有效地學(xué)習(xí)，這就糟糕了。

你必須重新審視你的筆記，并將信息全部歸納到圖表或大綱中去。在每堂新課之前，你應(yīng)該復(fù)習(xí)過去幾天的筆記。在坐下來聽新課之前，你應(yīng)該思考并弄清關(guān)鍵概念之間的關(guān)系。

2. Highlighting5 the Book在書本上亂做標記

Bright colors on a page make a big visual impact. If you highlight a lot as you read， it may seem like a lot of good studying is going on when that is not the case. Highlighting does make important information stand out on a page， but that doesnt do you much good if you dont follow up with some meaningful active learning with that information. Reading highlighted words again and again is not active enough.

You can put highlighted words onto flashcards6 and practise until you know every concept. You should also develop a way of color-coded highlighting. Highlight new words in one color and new concepts in another， for example. You could also highlight separate topics according to a color code.

頁面上鮮艷的顏色會產(chǎn)生很大的視覺沖擊。你在閱讀的時候如果標記了很多內(nèi)容，這看上去也許是個好習(xí)慣，但事實并非如此。做標記確實會使重要信息在頁面上凸顯出來，但如果你沒有對這些信息進行有意義的主動學(xué)習(xí)，這就對你沒什么好處。一次又一次地看被標記出來的內(nèi)容并不算足夠主動的學(xué)習(xí)。

你可以把標記的內(nèi)容寫在抽認卡上來進行練習(xí)，直到你熟知每一個概念。你還應(yīng)該制定一套使用不同顏色來做標記的方法。例如，用一種顏色來標記新詞，用另一種顏色來標記新的概念。你還可以用不同顏色來標記不同的主題。

3. Rewriting Notes重寫筆記

Some students rewrite notes because they believe it is good for memorization7. It is valuable as a first step， but its not that effective all alone.

You should make your notes briefer while rewriting them. You can also switch8 class notes with a classmate and exchange practice exams to test each other until you are comfortable with the material.

一些學(xué)生認為重寫筆記有助于記憶。重寫筆記作為第一步是很有用的，但光是重復(fù)并沒有那么有效。

在重寫筆記的時候，你應(yīng)該使之更加精簡。你還可以與同學(xué)交換課堂筆記和交換做測試練習(xí)題，直到你對學(xué)習(xí)材料了然于心。

4. Rereading the Chapter重讀章節(jié)

Students are often encouraged to re-read a chapter on the night before an exam to reinforce9 what theyve learned. Rereading is a good way as a last step. Just like the other study habits mentioned above， rereading is only one part of studying.

You should make sure to use active steps like charts， and practice tests and follow up with rereading your chapter.

人們經(jīng)常鼓勵學(xué)生在考試前一天的晚上重讀章節(jié)，以鞏固他們所學(xué)的知識。作為最后一步，重讀是個很好的方法。但就像上面提到的其他學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣一樣，重讀只是學(xué)習(xí)的一部分。

你應(yīng)該在采用了積極的方法，如圖表、測試練習(xí)之后，再來重讀章節(jié)。

5. Memorizing Definitions10 記定義

Students spend a lot of time using flashcards to memorize definitions. This is a good study method， as long as its a first step of learning. However， you cant expect to do well on an exam by memorizing the definitions. You should understand how they are related in the subject， and compare them to similar concepts.

Once you have memorized the definitions， give yourself a short practice test. The act of testing and retesting yourself somehow makes the information stick.

學(xué)生們花很多時間用抽認卡來記憶定義。如果作為學(xué)習(xí)的第一步，這就是一個很好的學(xué)習(xí)方法。但你不能指望記住定義就能考好。你應(yīng)該理解它們在該主題中是如何相關(guān)聯(lián)的，并將它們與類似的概念進行比較。

如果你記住了定義，可以進行簡短的自我測試練習(xí)。反復(fù)的測試練習(xí)能幫助你鞏固所學(xué)內(nèi)容。

（英語原文摘自：www.thoughtco.com）