陶小芳　朱戰(zhàn)強(qiáng)　周素紅

摘要：基于廣州市26個(gè)典型社區(qū)的706份調(diào)查問(wèn)卷，結(jié)合社區(qū)環(huán)境調(diào)查，采用多層線(xiàn)性回歸模型分析居民超重的影響因素、居民超重的社區(qū)差異及其成因。結(jié)果表明，居民超重率為32.15%。個(gè)體因素方面，年齡與超重概率正相關(guān)，已婚居民超重概率高于未婚居民，中下收入居民超重概率高于高收入居民，散步健身時(shí)間與超重概率負(fù)相關(guān)。社區(qū)環(huán)境方面，社區(qū)周邊公園廣場(chǎng)數(shù)量與超重概率負(fù)相關(guān)，保障性住房和歷史街區(qū)居民的超重概率高于商品房社區(qū)居民。此外，社區(qū)周邊健身場(chǎng)所數(shù)量與超重概率正相關(guān)，結(jié)果與常識(shí)不符，原因可能是超重居民存在主動(dòng)健身行為。居民超重存在社區(qū)差異，社區(qū)健身環(huán)境可以解釋社區(qū)差異的2.03%，社區(qū)健身環(huán)境和社區(qū)類(lèi)型可以共同解釋44.91%。總之，個(gè)體因素和社區(qū)環(huán)境共同影響超重，應(yīng)從個(gè)體和社區(qū)兩個(gè)層面對(duì)居民超重進(jìn)行調(diào)控。

關(guān)鍵詞：超重;影響因素;社區(qū)環(huán)境;廣州市

中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)：R363.1+6 ? ? ? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A

文章編號(hào)：0439-8114（2020）05-0191-06

Abstract： Based on 706 questionnaires collected from 26 typical communities in Guangzhou city，combined with community environmental survey， the residents' overweight prevalence and its influencing factors were investigated， as well as the community difference of overweight and its causes using multilevel linear regression model. The results showed that the overweight rate was 32.15%. In terms of individual factors， age was positively correlated with overweight probability. Married residents had a higher overweight probability than unmarried residents. The overweight probability of high-income residents was lower than that of lower-middle income residents. Walking fitness time was negatively correlated with overweight probability. In terms of the community environment， the number of park and squares around the community was negatively correlated with overweight probability. The residents overweight probability in indemnificatory housing and historic districts was higher than that of residents in commercial housing communities.Besides， the number of physical activity facilities around the community was positively correlated with overweight probability which defied common sense and the reason of this phenomenon was probably that overweight residents took the initiative to physical activities. There were community differences in residents overweight probability. Community physical activity environment could explain 2.03% of the community differences， while community physical activity environment and residential type could jointly explain 44.91% of the community differences. In a word，residents overweight probability was affected by both individual and community factors so its important to regulate excess weight at both levels.

Key words： overweight; influencing factors; community environment; Guangzhou city

據(jù)《中國(guó)居民營(yíng)養(yǎng)與健康狀況調(diào)查報(bào)告（2015）》，中國(guó)居民超重率從2002年的17.3%增長(zhǎng)到2012年的42.0%，超重、肥胖引發(fā)的高血脂、糖尿病等多種疾病威脅人類(lèi)健康[1]。2016年習(xí)近平總書(shū)記在全國(guó)衛(wèi)生與健康大會(huì)上指出要積極推進(jìn)健康社區(qū)、健康村鎮(zhèn)的發(fā)展;2016年國(guó)務(wù)院發(fā)布的《全民健身計(jì)劃（2016—2020年）》提出了提高社區(qū)設(shè)施供給和關(guān)注老年人等弱勢(shì)群體的策略，突出了完善社區(qū)環(huán)境的重要性。