張碧紅 周?chē)?guó)章
[摘要] 目的 探討孕期健康教育對(duì)順產(chǎn)婦產(chǎn)時(shí)應(yīng)對(duì)行為及分娩結(jié)局的影響。方法 隨機(jī)選取2015年5月—2017年5月該院產(chǎn)科收治的順產(chǎn)婦80例,依據(jù)干預(yù)方法將這些產(chǎn)婦分為孕期健康教育組(n=40)和常規(guī)圍產(chǎn)保健組(n=40)兩組,對(duì)兩組產(chǎn)婦的產(chǎn)時(shí)應(yīng)對(duì)行為評(píng)分、NRS評(píng)分、HAMA評(píng)分、HAMD評(píng)分、產(chǎn)后出血量、分娩后臥床時(shí)間、新生兒Apgar評(píng)分、產(chǎn)褥期感染情況進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。結(jié)果 孕期健康教育組產(chǎn)婦的產(chǎn)時(shí)應(yīng)對(duì)行為評(píng)分顯著高于常規(guī)圍產(chǎn)保健組(P<0.05),NRS評(píng)分、HAMA評(píng)分、HAMD評(píng)分均顯著低于常規(guī)圍產(chǎn)保健組(P<0.05),產(chǎn)后出血量顯著少于常規(guī)圍產(chǎn)保健組(P<0.05),分娩后臥床時(shí)間顯著短于常規(guī)圍產(chǎn)保健組(P<0.05),新生兒Apgar評(píng)分顯著高于常規(guī)圍產(chǎn)保健組(P<0.05),產(chǎn)褥期感染率2.5%(1/40)顯著低于常規(guī)圍產(chǎn)保健組10.0%(4/40)(χ2=9.350,P<0.05)。結(jié)論 孕期健康教育較常規(guī)圍產(chǎn)保健更能有效改善順產(chǎn)婦產(chǎn)時(shí)應(yīng)對(duì)行為及分娩結(jié)局。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 孕期健康教育;順產(chǎn)婦;產(chǎn)時(shí)應(yīng)對(duì)行為;分娩結(jié)局
[中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)] R71 ? ? ? ? ?[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A ? ? ? ? ?[文章編號(hào)] 1674-0742(2020)03(c)-0034-03
Effect of Health Education During Pregnancy on Coping Behavior and Delivery Outcome of Parturient Women
ZHANG Bi-hong1, ZHOU Guo-zhang2
1.Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Huian County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362100 China;2.Department of Endocrinology, Huian County Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362100 China
[Abstract] Objective To explore the effect of health education during pregnancy on coping behavior and delivery outcome of spontaneous parturients. Methods 80 cases of spontaneous delivery women admitted to obstetrics department of the hospital from May 2015 to May 2017 were randomly selected. According to the intervention method, these women were divided into two groups: pregnant health education group (n=40) and routine perinatal health care group (n=40). The coping behavior scores, NRS scores, HAMA scores, HAMD scores, postpartum hemorrhage volumes, time of lying in bed after delivery, Apgar scores of newborns and puerperal infection of the two groups were statistically analyzed. Results The maternal coping behavior score during pregnancy of the health education group was significantly higher than the routine perinatal care group (P<0.05). The NRS score, HAMA score and HAMD score were significantly lower than the routine perinatal care group (P<0.05). The amount of postpartum hemorrhage was significantly less than the routine perinatal care group (P<0.05). The time of lying in bed after delivery was significantly shorter than the routine perinatal care group (P<0.05). The Apgar score of newborns was significantly higher than the routine perinatal care group (P<0.05), the puerperal infection rate 2.5% (1/40) was significantly lower than the routine perinatal care group 10.0%(4/40)(χ2=9.350, P<0.05). Conclusion Health education during pregnancy is more effective than routine perinatal care in improving coping behavior and delivery outcomes of spontaneous parturients.
[Key words] Health education during pregnancy; Spontaneous delivery; Coping behavior during delivery; Delivery outcome
在婦女保健中,妊娠期是一個(gè)重要時(shí)期,初次妊娠的一些婦女由于只知道很少的妊娠期健康知識(shí),因此在孕期沒(méi)有正確飲食、運(yùn)動(dòng)等,也沒(méi)有做好最佳的分娩心理建設(shè),造成分娩時(shí)具有較弱的應(yīng)對(duì)能力、較為劇烈的痛苦感受,對(duì)產(chǎn)后恢復(fù)造成不良影響[1]。該研究對(duì)2015年5月—2017年5月該院產(chǎn)科收治的順產(chǎn)婦80例的臨床資料進(jìn)行了統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,比較了常規(guī)圍產(chǎn)保健與孕期健康教育對(duì)順產(chǎn)婦產(chǎn)時(shí)應(yīng)對(duì)行為及分娩結(jié)局的影響,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 ?資料與方法
1.1 ?一般資料
隨機(jī)選取該院產(chǎn)科收治的順產(chǎn)婦80例,納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):所有產(chǎn)婦均為初產(chǎn)婦。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):胎位異常、妊高征、高齡初產(chǎn)婦、合并其他嚴(yán)重并發(fā)癥等高危因素的產(chǎn)婦。依據(jù)干預(yù)方法將這些產(chǎn)婦分為孕期健康教育組(n=40)和常規(guī)圍產(chǎn)保健組(n=40)兩組。孕期健康教育組產(chǎn)婦年齡23~32歲,平均(26.4±4.2)歲;孕周38~41周,平均(39.2±0.4)周。常規(guī)圍產(chǎn)保健組產(chǎn)婦年齡24~32歲,平均(27.1±4.6)歲;孕周39~41周,平均(40.1±0.2)周。兩組產(chǎn)婦的一般資料比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。該研究所選病例經(jīng)過(guò)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),患者或家屬知情同意。
1.2 ?方法
常規(guī)圍產(chǎn)保健組患者接受常規(guī)圍產(chǎn)保健,將產(chǎn)檢的重要性告知孕婦,對(duì)其進(jìn)行鼓勵(lì),使其適當(dāng)運(yùn)動(dòng);孕期健康教育組產(chǎn)婦接受孕期健康教育,具體操作為:將具有豐富經(jīng)驗(yàn)及高級(jí)職稱(chēng)的護(hù)士選取出來(lái),在孕婦產(chǎn)檢過(guò)程中開(kāi)展健康教育,包括分娩前、分娩時(shí)、分娩后的自我心理鍛煉、疼痛預(yù)感受和應(yīng)對(duì)措施模擬、恢復(fù)指導(dǎo)和心理調(diào)節(jié)及新生兒哺乳要點(diǎn)等。
1.3 ?觀察指標(biāo)
對(duì)兩組產(chǎn)婦的產(chǎn)時(shí)應(yīng)對(duì)行為進(jìn)行評(píng)分,總分0~10分,隨著評(píng)分的提升,產(chǎn)婦的產(chǎn)時(shí)應(yīng)對(duì)行為逐漸改善[2]。同時(shí),應(yīng)用疼痛數(shù)字評(píng)分法(NRS)、漢密爾頓焦慮量表(HAMA)、漢密爾頓抑郁量表(HAMD)對(duì)兩組產(chǎn)婦的疼痛、焦慮、抑郁程度進(jìn)行評(píng)定,隨著評(píng)分的降低,產(chǎn)婦的疼痛、焦慮、抑郁程度逐漸減輕[3-4]。此外,對(duì)兩組產(chǎn)婦的產(chǎn)后出血量、分娩后臥床時(shí)間進(jìn)行觀察和記錄,并對(duì)其新生兒Apgar評(píng)分進(jìn)行評(píng)定,統(tǒng)計(jì)其產(chǎn)褥期感染情況,以對(duì)其分娩結(jié)局進(jìn)行評(píng)定。
1.4 ?統(tǒng)計(jì)方法
采用SPSS 21.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件分析數(shù)據(jù),用[n(%)]表示兩組產(chǎn)婦的產(chǎn)褥期感染情況等計(jì)數(shù)資料,用χ2檢驗(yàn);用(x±s)表示兩組產(chǎn)婦的產(chǎn)時(shí)應(yīng)對(duì)行為評(píng)分、NRS評(píng)分、HAMA評(píng)分、HAMD評(píng)分、產(chǎn)后出血量、分娩后臥床時(shí)間、新生兒Apgar評(píng)分等計(jì)量資料,用t檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 ?結(jié)果
2.1 ?產(chǎn)時(shí)應(yīng)對(duì)行為評(píng)分、NRS評(píng)分、HAMA評(píng)分、HAMD評(píng)分
孕期健康教育組產(chǎn)婦的產(chǎn)時(shí)應(yīng)對(duì)行為評(píng)分顯著高于常規(guī)圍產(chǎn)保健組(P<0.05),NRS評(píng)分、HAMA評(píng)分、HAMD評(píng)分均顯著低于常規(guī)圍產(chǎn)保健組(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表1。
2.2 ?分娩結(jié)局
孕期健康教育組產(chǎn)婦的產(chǎn)后出血量顯著少于常規(guī)圍產(chǎn)保健組(P<0.05),分娩后臥床時(shí)間顯著短于常規(guī)圍產(chǎn)保健組(P<0.05),新生兒Apgar評(píng)分顯著高于常規(guī)圍產(chǎn)保健組(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表2。產(chǎn)褥期感染率2.5%(1/40)顯著低于常規(guī)圍產(chǎn)保健組10.0%(4/40)(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表3。
3 ?討論
孕期健康教育包含很多內(nèi)容,如懷孕初期孕婦角色轉(zhuǎn)換、認(rèn)知各個(gè)器官的變化情況、妊娠期行為注意事項(xiàng)、分娩時(shí)的用力方式、分娩后恢復(fù)等。孕期健康教育在整個(gè)妊娠期、分娩期、產(chǎn)后恢復(fù)期貫穿,有效指導(dǎo)著產(chǎn)婦及其家屬?,F(xiàn)階段,我國(guó)具有較高的孕婦流產(chǎn)率、新生兒營(yíng)養(yǎng)缺乏率等,發(fā)生這一現(xiàn)象的原因主要為妊娠期基本知識(shí)缺乏。以往臨床認(rèn)為[5],妊娠期只要對(duì)產(chǎn)婦及胎兒營(yíng)養(yǎng)進(jìn)行充分補(bǔ)充,就能夠使順利分娩及胎兒健康得到有效保證?,F(xiàn)階段,臨床實(shí)踐已證實(shí)[6],該觀念有誤,孕期的關(guān)鍵應(yīng)該是一方面對(duì)孕婦所需營(yíng)養(yǎng)進(jìn)行恰當(dāng)補(bǔ)充,另一方面對(duì)過(guò)度肥胖引發(fā)的妊娠并發(fā)癥進(jìn)行有效的避免。
Shwikar Mahmoud Etman Othman,Lanra Good win等相關(guān)醫(yī)學(xué)研究表明[7-8],孕期健康教育能夠有效降低順產(chǎn)婦的產(chǎn)褥期感染率(13.3%→3.3%),從而促進(jìn)產(chǎn)婦順產(chǎn)過(guò)程中應(yīng)對(duì)能力的有效提升、不良情緒的有效減輕,為其產(chǎn)后康復(fù)提供良好的前提條件。同時(shí),孕期健康教育還能夠促進(jìn)新生兒綜合素質(zhì)的提升,臨床應(yīng)用價(jià)值高。該研究結(jié)果表明,孕期健康教育組產(chǎn)婦的產(chǎn)時(shí)應(yīng)對(duì)行為評(píng)分顯著高于常規(guī)圍產(chǎn)保健組(P<0.05),NRS評(píng)分、HAMA評(píng)分、HAMD評(píng)分均顯著低于常規(guī)圍產(chǎn)保健組(P<0.05),產(chǎn)后出血量顯著少于常規(guī)圍產(chǎn)保健組(P<0.05),分娩后臥床時(shí)間顯著短于常規(guī)圍產(chǎn)保健組(P<0.05),新生兒Apgar評(píng)分顯著高于常規(guī)圍產(chǎn)保健組(P<0.05),產(chǎn)褥期感染率2.5%(1/40)顯著低于常規(guī)圍產(chǎn)保健組10.0%(4/40)(P<0.05),和上述相關(guān)醫(yī)學(xué)研究結(jié)果基本一致,說(shuō)明良好的孕期健康教育能夠使產(chǎn)婦在孕期將適當(dāng)?shù)倪\(yùn)動(dòng)鍛煉、更好的營(yíng)養(yǎng)調(diào)理獲取過(guò)來(lái),從而進(jìn)一步加快其產(chǎn)后恢復(fù)速度,增強(qiáng)其抵抗能力。同時(shí),良好的孕期健康教育還能夠?yàn)樘旱纳L(zhǎng)發(fā)育提供良好的前提條件。
綜上所述,孕期健康教育較常規(guī)圍產(chǎn)保健更能有效改善順產(chǎn)婦產(chǎn)時(shí)應(yīng)對(duì)行為及分娩結(jié)局。
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(收稿日期:2019-12-20)