姚星偉 牛國保 文正華 張小麗 趙前程 孫德嶺
摘 ? ?要:‘春雪3號為適宜春季栽培的花椰菜新品種,是以胞質(zhì)雄性不育系‘11K-45為母本,自交親和系‘10ZF-46為父本雜交選育而成的胞質(zhì)雄性不育新品種。春季栽培55~60 d成熟。株形直立、緊湊,葉片深綠色,合抱護球性優(yōu)。花球高圓、緊實、雪白、細嫩、平整。單球質(zhì)量1.51 kg,平均產(chǎn)量43 180 kg · hm-2。
關(guān)鍵詞:花椰菜;胞質(zhì)雄性不育;春季栽培;新品種
中圖分類號:S635.3 ? ? ? ? ?文獻標識碼:A ? ? ? ? ? DOI 編碼:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2020.02.002
A New Cauliflower Cultivar 'Chunxue NO.3'
YAO Xingwei, NIU Guobao, WEN Zhenghua, ZHANG Xiaoli, ZHAO Qiancheng, SUN Deling
(The National State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Resources Innovation, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Breeding, Tianjin Kernel Vegetable Research Institute, Tianjin 300384, China)
Abstract: 'Chunxue No.3' is a new spring maturity cauliflower cultivar developed by the cross of CMS line '11K-45'× self-compatible line '10ZF-46'. The growing period from transplantation to harvest is about 55~60 days in spring. The plant type is erect. It has dark green outer leaves and curds are well protected by leaves. The curd is dome, compact, snow-white colour, tender and smooth. The average weight of each curd is about 1.51 kg, the mean yield is 43 180 kg·hm-2.
Key words: cauliflower; CMS; spring maturity; new cultivar
花椰菜營養(yǎng)豐富,同時具有抗癌防癌的保健功能,深受廣大消費者的喜愛[1-3]。據(jù)FAO報道,2016 年中國花椰菜栽培面積達52萬hm2,占世界總面積的38.72%;產(chǎn)量達1 026萬t,占世界總產(chǎn)量的40.67%。
選用花椰菜胞質(zhì)不育系‘11K-45為母本,優(yōu)良自交系‘10ZF-46為父本,2009年進行試配雜交組合,2010—2012年進行品比試驗。2010年平均產(chǎn)量42 180 kg·hm-2,比對照‘春雪二號增產(chǎn)14.29%;2011年平均產(chǎn)量43 200 kg·hm-2,比對照增產(chǎn)9.62%;2012年平均產(chǎn)量44 160 kg·hm-2,比對照增產(chǎn)13.58%。2012—2014年在天津市西青區(qū)當城村、武清區(qū)黃花店村參加生產(chǎn)示范,商品性優(yōu)良,適合春季露地栽培。2014年進行花椰菜非主要農(nóng)作物品種登記(登記號:津登花椰菜2014010),暫定名為‘春雪3號。
1 品種特征特性
春季栽培品種,成熟期55~60 d。株形直立、緊湊,葉片深綠色,合抱護球性優(yōu)?;ㄇ蚋邎A、緊實、雪白、細嫩、平整。單球質(zhì)量1.51 kg,平均產(chǎn)量43 180 kg·hm-2。
2 栽培技術(shù)要點
適合在天津、北京、河北壩上等地區(qū)春季露地栽培。京津地區(qū)1月底至2月初播種為宜。準備72穴育苗盤備用。播種之前為保持營養(yǎng)土濕潤,適量澆水,每穴播1~2粒種子。京津地區(qū)3月中下旬露地定植。定植后由于氣溫偏低,必要時需加蓋小拱棚,防止凍害發(fā)生。待幼苗緩苗后,根據(jù)墑情澆緩苗水,緩苗后施尿素150 kg·hm-2或硫酸銨225 kg·hm-2;現(xiàn)球后追施尿素150 kg·hm-2;整個生育期大水大肥以促進植株生長?;ㄇ蛑睆竭_9~10 cm時及時采收?;ㄇ虺墒炱?,氣溫回升,及時噴灑防蟲藥劑以防止蟲害發(fā)生。
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