吳冬雪 王雪 張咪
摘要 目的:研究一線抗結(jié)核藥物誘導(dǎo)小鼠肝損傷發(fā)生過程中NF-κB變化情況。方法:48只昆明小鼠隨機(jī)分為基線組和HRZ組(INH+RFP+PZA),于灌胃3d、5d、7d、10d、15d后處死。ELISA檢測(cè)血清中ALT、AST含量。ELISA和RT-PCR檢測(cè)肝組織中NF-κB、IκB mRNA及蛋白表達(dá)水平。結(jié)果:肝組織病理學(xué)及ALT、AST水平發(fā)生改變,提示肝損傷發(fā)生。與基線組相比,HRZ組NF-κB mRNA和蛋白水平呈上升趨勢(shì),IκB mRNA和蛋白水平逐漸下降。結(jié)論:NF-κB通路在抗結(jié)核藥物性肝損傷小鼠模型中被激活。
關(guān)鍵詞 抗結(jié)核藥物;肝損傷;NF-κB;小鼠
中圖分類號(hào)? R285? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼? B? ? 文章編號(hào)? 1671-0223(2020)02-026-03
Abstract? ?Objective? To investigate the changes of NF-κB in liver injury induced by first-line antituberculosis drugs in mice. Methods Forty-eight Kunming mice were randomly divided into the baseline group and the HRZ group (INH + RFP + PZA), and were sacrificed after gavage on 3d, 5d, 7d, 10d, and 15d. The levels of ALT and AST in serum were detected by ELISA. ELISA and RT-PCR were used to detect the expression levels of NF-κB, IκB mRNA and protein in liver tissues. Results Changes in liver histopathology and ALT and AST levels suggest liver damage. Compared with the baseline group, the mRNA and protein levels of NF-κB in the HRZ group showed an increasing trend, and the mRNA and protein levels of IκB gradually decreased. Conclusions? The NF-κB pathway is activated in mouse models of first-line anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury.
Key words? Anti-tuberculosis drug; Liver injury; NF-κB; Mice
異煙肼(INH)、利福平(RFP)和吡嗪酰胺(PZA)為一線抗結(jié)核藥物,但治療過程常常會(huì)發(fā)生抗結(jié)核藥物性肝損傷(ADLI)。毫無(wú)疑問,ADLI是多因子介導(dǎo)的疾病,其發(fā)生機(jī)制尚不明確。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),氧化應(yīng)激可顯著影響ADLI的發(fā)生[1]??菇Y(jié)核治療期間會(huì)產(chǎn)生大量可與肝酶或膜受體結(jié)合致細(xì)胞代謝和功能紊亂的活性氧(ROS)[2]。核因子(NF)-κB是被證實(shí)可由ROS激活的真核細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)錄因子,ROS和NF-κB通過相互激活表現(xiàn)出正反饋效應(yīng)[3]。靜息狀態(tài)時(shí),胞質(zhì)中NF-κB因與IκB結(jié)合而處于非活性狀態(tài)。當(dāng)細(xì)胞受到氧化劑等外界因素刺激時(shí),IκB磷酸化,被釋放的NF-κB發(fā)生核易位,進(jìn)而參與基因表達(dá)的調(diào)控[4,5]。有研究表明,在乙醇引起的肝損傷中,肝細(xì)胞內(nèi)NF-κB活性顯著增加,與肝損傷程度呈高度正相關(guān)[6]。雖然NF-κB被證明與多種肝臟疾病有關(guān),但NF-κB與ADLI之間的關(guān)系仍需要進(jìn)一步研究。目前,臨床上常用INH、RFP和PZA三種藥物聯(lián)合作為抗結(jié)核化療方案,有研究表明藥物間的相互作用會(huì)增加肝毒性[7]。但是,三種藥物抗結(jié)核藥物聯(lián)合致肝損傷的機(jī)制仍不明確。
本研究在INH、RFP和PZA聯(lián)合致小鼠肝損傷模型中觀察肝組織中的NF-κB和IκB的mRNA和蛋白表達(dá)水平變化情況,進(jìn)而探討NF-κB在ADLI發(fā)生過程中的作用,為揭示ADLI的發(fā)生機(jī)制提供參考。
1 材料方法
1.1 動(dòng)物模型
在中國(guó)阜康生物技術(shù)有限公司購(gòu)買48只SPF級(jí)昆明小鼠(動(dòng)物許可證號(hào):SCXK(北京)2009-0004),雌雄各半,隨機(jī)分為基線組和藥物組(INH+RFP+PZA 90mg/Kg.d+135mg/Kg.d+315mg/Kg.d),于灌胃3d、5d、7d、10d、15d后處死?;€組8只小鼠,在開始灌胃之前一天處死。實(shí)驗(yàn)獲得了動(dòng)物倫理委員會(huì)的批準(zhǔn)(批準(zhǔn)號(hào):14-016)。
1.2 檢測(cè)指標(biāo)
1.2.1 組織病理學(xué)改變
取肝組織,用福爾馬林固定,脫水后包埋、切片,進(jìn)行HE染色。使用光學(xué)顯微鏡觀察肝組織病理變化。
1.2.2 檢測(cè)小鼠血清ALT、AST水平
ELISA試劑盒(南京建成生物工程研究所)檢測(cè)血清ALT、AST水平。
1.2.3 檢測(cè)肝組織中NF-κB和IκB mRNA表達(dá)水平
TRIzol法提取總RNA,逆轉(zhuǎn)錄和RT-PCR使用試劑盒(Invitrogen公司),RT-PCR條件為94℃ 30s,63℃ 30s,72℃ 30s,35個(gè)循環(huán)。
1.2.4檢測(cè)肝組織中NF-κB和IκB蛋白含量
肝組織和鹽水按照1:4制成勻漿,離心并收集上清液。ELISA試劑盒(南京建成生物工程研究所)檢測(cè)NF-κB和IκB蛋白含量。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)分析
SPSS22.0處理數(shù)據(jù),計(jì)量資料采用“均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差”表示,多組間均數(shù)比較采用方差分析,兩兩比較采用LSD法,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 肝組織病理改變
基線組肝細(xì)胞無(wú)明顯形態(tài)變化。HRZ組在3d開始表現(xiàn)出明顯的形態(tài)學(xué)變化,肝細(xì)胞腫脹,炎性細(xì)胞增多,胞質(zhì)空泡化,核皺縮,到15d損傷程度最為嚴(yán)重(圖1)。
2.2 小鼠血清ALT、AST水平
與基線組相比,HRZ組的ALT和AST指標(biāo)在第5天出現(xiàn)顯著變化(均P <0.05),并且隨著給藥時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),ALT和AST水平呈先升高后降低趨勢(shì)(均P <0.05)(圖2)。
2.3 小鼠肝組織NF-κB 和IκB mRNA及蛋白表達(dá)
與基線組相比,HRZ組NF-κB的mRNA及蛋白表達(dá)在第5天出現(xiàn)顯著變化,呈現(xiàn)先升高后略降低趨勢(shì)(均P <0.05)。IκB的mRNA和蛋白水平從第1天至第15天逐漸下降(均P <0.05),且在第7天出現(xiàn)顯著變化(均P <0.05)(圖3)。
3 討論
靜息狀態(tài)時(shí),胞質(zhì)中NF-κB因與IκB結(jié)合而處于非活性狀態(tài)[8,9]。當(dāng)細(xì)胞受到氧化應(yīng)激刺激時(shí),氧化應(yīng)激可導(dǎo)致IκB降解并與NF-κB分離[10]?;罨腘F-κB易位入核與炎癥介質(zhì)靶基因啟動(dòng)子區(qū)域的κB位點(diǎn)結(jié)合,導(dǎo)致炎癥介質(zhì)基因的過表達(dá)[11,12]。本研究中,NF-κB和IκB的基因表達(dá)水平發(fā)生顯著變化,表明NF-κB通路被激活。此外,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)HRZ組中NF-κB的表達(dá)水平先升高后略有下降。有研究表明,RFP的免疫調(diào)節(jié)作用可抑制NF-κB活化并減少促炎因子的產(chǎn)生[13,14]。此外,用PZA處理的人單核細(xì)胞和小鼠可抑制NF-κB的活化[15,16]。因此,我們可以推測(cè)HRZ組中INH通過誘導(dǎo)氧化應(yīng)激然后激活NF-κB途徑來誘導(dǎo)肝損傷。而RFP和PZA可以引起肝毒性并誘導(dǎo)氧化應(yīng)激誘導(dǎo)NF-κB活化,但同時(shí)也可能發(fā)揮免疫調(diào)節(jié)作用來抑制NF-κB活化,但具體機(jī)制有待進(jìn)一步探索。
總之,我們的結(jié)果表明,NF-κB通路在一線抗結(jié)核藥物INH、RFP和PZA誘導(dǎo)的小鼠肝損傷中被激活。盡管現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)迅速發(fā)展,但是幾乎沒有可靠的藥物可以保護(hù)肝臟不受損害或促進(jìn)肝細(xì)胞再生。因此,終止活化的NF-κB信號(hào)通路可能成為未來的研究重點(diǎn)。
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[2020-01-07收稿]